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Bludau F, Welzel G, Reis T, Abo-Madyan Y, Sperk E, Schneider F, Clausen S, Ruder AM, Obertacke U, Ghaly MM, Wenz F, Giordano FA. Combined kyphoplasty and intraoperative radiotherapy (Kypho-IORT) versus external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for painful vertebral metastases - a randomized phase III study. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:430. [PMID: 31072314 PMCID: PMC6507138 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5666-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The spine is the most frequent location of bone metastases. Local treatment aims at palliation of pain and, given the increased likelihood of long-term cancer survival, at local control. Kyphoplasty and intraoperative radiotherapy (Kypho-IORT) provided instantaneous pain relief in 70% of patients at the first day after the intervention and resulted in local control rates of > 93% at 1 year in a recently conducted phase I/II trial. To assess its clinical value, we designed a phase III trial which tests Kypho-IORT against the most widespread standard-of-care, external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), in patients with painful vertebral metastases. Methods This phase III study includes patients ≥50 years of age with up to 4 vertebral metastases and a pain score of at least 3/10 points on the visual/numeric analogy scale (VAS). Patients randomized into the experimental arm (A) will undergo Kypho-IORT (Kyphoplasty plus IORT with 8 Gy prescribed to 13 mm depth). Patients randomized into the control arm (B) will receive EBRT with either 30 Gy in 10 fractions or 8 Gy as a single dose. The primary end point is pain reduction defined as at least − 3 points on the VAS compared to baseline at day 1. Assuming that 40% of patients in the Kypho-IORT arm and 5% of patients in the control arm will achieve this reduction and 20% will drop out, a total of 54 patients will have to be included to reach a power of 0.817 with a two-sided alpha of 0.05. Secondary endpoints are evaluation of the percentage of patients with a pain reduction of at least 3 points at 2 and 6 weeks, local tumor control, frequency of re-intervention, secondary fractures/sintering, complication rates, skin toxicity/wound healing, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and quality of life. Discussion This trial will generate level 1 evidence on the clinical value of a one-stop procedure which may provide instantaneous pain relief, long-term control and shortened intervals to further adjuvant (systemic) therapies in patients with spinal metastases. Trial registration Registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number: NCT02773966 (Registration date: 05/16/2016).
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Bludau
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Grit Welzel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tina Reis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yasser Abo-Madyan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Elena Sperk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frank Schneider
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sven Clausen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arne M Ruder
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Udo Obertacke
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maged M Ghaly
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Northwell Health Physician Partners, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Lake Success, NY, USA
| | - Frederik Wenz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frank A Giordano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
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Bludau F, Welzel G, Reis T, Schneider F, Sperk E, Neumaier C, Ehmann M, Clausen S, Obertacke U, Wenz F, Giordano FA. Phase I/II trial of combined kyphoplasty and intraoperative radiotherapy in spinal metastases. Spine J 2018; 18:776-781. [PMID: 28962909 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Spinal metastases occur in 30%-50% of patients with systemic cancer. The primary goals of palliation are pain control and prevention of local recurrence. PURPOSE This study aimed to test the safety and efficacy of a combined modality approach consisting of kyphoplasty and intraoperative radiotherapy (Kypho-IORT). STUDY DESIGN/SETTING Kyphoplasty and intraoperative radiotherapy was a prospective, single-center phase I/II trial. Patients were enrolled in a classical 3+3 scheme within the initial phase I, where Kypho-IORT was applied using a needle-shaped 50 kV X-ray source at three radiation dose levels (8 Gy in 8-mm, 8 Gy in 11-mm, and 8 Gy in 13-mm depth). Thereafter, cohort expansion was performed as phase II of the trial. The trial is registered with clinicaltrials.gov, number NCT01280032. PATIENT SAMPLE Patients aged 50 years and older with a Karnofsky Performance Status of at least 60% and with one to three painful vertebral metastases confined to the vertebral body were eligible to participate. OUTCOME MEASURES The primary end point was safety as per the occurrence of dose-limiting toxicities. The secondary end points were pain reduction, local progression-free survival (L-PFS), and overall survival (OS). METHODS Pain was measured using the visual analog scale (VAS) and local control was assessed in serial computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scans. RESULTS None of the nine patients enrolled in the phase I showed dose-limiting toxicities at any level and thus, 52 patients were subsequently enrolled into a phase II, where Kypho-IORT was performed at various dose levels. The median pain score significantly dropped from 5 preoperatively to 2 at the first postoperative day (p<.001). Of 43 patients who reported a pre-interventional pain level of 3 or more, 30 (69.8%) reported a reduction of ≥3 points on the first postoperative day. A persistent pain reduction beyond the first postoperative day of ≥3 points was seen in 34 (79.1%) patients. The 3, 6, and 12 month L-PFS was excellent with 97.5%, 93.8%, and 93.8%. The 3, 6, and 12 months OS was 76.9%, 64.0%, and 48.4%. CONCLUSION Kyphoplasty and intraoperative radiotherapy is safe and immediately provided sustained pain relief with excellent local control rates in patients with painful vertebral metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Bludau
- Department for Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Grit Welzel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tina Reis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frank Schneider
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Elena Sperk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christian Neumaier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Ehmann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sven Clausen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Udo Obertacke
- Department for Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frederik Wenz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frank A Giordano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany.
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Wenz F. Keynote Address at the American Society of Breast Surgeons 18th Annual Meeting : Current and Future Application of Intraoperative Radiotherapy (IORT) in the Curative and Palliative Treatment of Breast Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2017; 24:2811-2817. [PMID: 28766200 PMCID: PMC5594034 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-017-5942-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) is increasingly used worldwide. Breast cancer is the most rapidly growing indication for IORT, approaching 70-80% of cases in most centers. This report reviews the theoretical background and clinical use of IORT for primary and metastasized breast cancer. There are established applications such as tumor bed boost during breast-conserving surgery followed by whole breast radiotherapy or IORT as a form of accelerated partial-breast irradiation (APBI) for selected patients. Novel applications such as IORT for vertebral or brain metastases are presented as well as technological developments, widening the spectrum of potential clinical applications for IORT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Wenz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
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Schneider F, Bludau F, Clausen S, Fleckenstein J, Obertacke U, Wenz F. Precision IORT – Image guided intraoperative radiation therapy (igIORT) using online treatment planning including tissue heterogeneity correction. Phys Med 2017; 37:82-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Bonetto R, Tallet A, Mélot A, Calderon B, Barlesi F. [The management of bone metastasis]. Bull Cancer 2017; 104:585-592. [PMID: 28391985 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bone metastasis are the most common cause of pain related to cancer, reducing patients' quality of life, and sometimes threatening their life-expectancy. Their management has to be pluridisciplinary, because of all the therapeutic options and the diversity of bone metastasis locations. The aim of this work is to propose a rational decisional algorithm for the treatment strategy of these secondary locations. Anti-resorbtive drugs with systemic action, surgery, conventional or stereotactic radiation therapy, and new techniques of interventional radiology are options that could be used separately or combined. They have shown benefits on symptomatic treatment, improving quality of life. Their indications vary according to the tumor site (short vs. long bones, carrier vs. non-carrier bones), the symptomatology (pain, neurologic symptoms), and the presence of complications (most of all fractures). The diverse presentations lead us to define this decisional algorithm, to guide the practice, while giving the maximal benefit to each patient according to each metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Bonetto
- Aix-Marseille université, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, service d'oncologie multidisciplinaire et innovations thérapeutiques, 13920 Marseille cedex 15, France.
| | - Agnès Tallet
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, département d'oncologie-radiothérapie, 232, boulevard Sainte-Marguerite, 13273 Marseille cedex 09, France
| | - Anthony Mélot
- Aix-Marseille université, hôpital Nord, service de neurochirurgie, chemin des Bourrely, 13915 Marseille cedex 20, France
| | - Benoît Calderon
- Aix-Marseille université, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, CHU La Timone, service de radiothérapie, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille cedex 5, France
| | - Fabrice Barlesi
- Aix-Marseille université, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, service d'oncologie multidisciplinaire et innovations thérapeutiques, 13920 Marseille cedex 15, France; Aix-Marseille université, faculté de médecine, centre de recherche en oncologie biologique et oncopharmacologie, Inserm U911, 13005 Marseille, France
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Pinar Sedeño B, Rodríguez Ibarria N, Mhaidli Hamdani H, Fernández Varela T, San Miguel Arregui I, Macías Verde D, Lara Jiménez P. First reported treatment of aggressive hemangioma with intraoperative radiation therapy and kyphoplasty (Kypho-IORT). Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2017; 2:19-22. [PMID: 29657995 PMCID: PMC5893523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggressive hemangiomas invade the spinal canal and/or paravertebral space and may cause cord compression and neurological symptoms. Radiation therapy was recognized as an effective strategy for the treatment of aggressive hemangiomas. Here, it is reported the first case of aggressive vertebral hemangioma treated by a combination of intraoperative radiation therapy and kyphoplasty (Kypho-IORT).
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Pinar Sedeño
- Radiation Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria “Dr. Negrín”, Barranco de La Ballena s/n, CP 35020 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Instituto Canario de Investigación del Cáncer (ICIC), Plaza de Sixto Machado n° 3, CP 38009 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Clinical Sciences Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, C/ Dr. Pasteur s/n, CP 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - N. Rodríguez Ibarria
- Radiation Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria “Dr. Negrín”, Barranco de La Ballena s/n, CP 35020 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Instituto Canario de Investigación del Cáncer (ICIC), Plaza de Sixto Machado n° 3, CP 38009 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - H. Mhaidli Hamdani
- Spine Unit, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria “Dr. Negrín”, Barranco de La Ballena s/n, CP 35020 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - T. Fernández Varela
- Spine Unit, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria “Dr. Negrín”, Barranco de La Ballena s/n, CP 35020 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - I. San Miguel Arregui
- Radiation Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria “Dr. Negrín”, Barranco de La Ballena s/n, CP 35020 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Instituto Canario de Investigación del Cáncer (ICIC), Plaza de Sixto Machado n° 3, CP 38009 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - D. Macías Verde
- Medical Physics Department, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria “Dr. Negrín”, Barranco de La Ballena s/n, CP 35020 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - P.C. Lara Jiménez
- Radiation Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria “Dr. Negrín”, Barranco de La Ballena s/n, CP 35020 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Instituto Canario de Investigación del Cáncer (ICIC), Plaza de Sixto Machado n° 3, CP 38009 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Clinical Sciences Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, C/ Dr. Pasteur s/n, CP 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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Richter RH, Hammon M, Uder M, Huber J, Goebell PJ, Kunath F, Wullich B, Keck B. [Operative therapy of spinal metastases from urological tumors]. Urologe A 2015; 55:232-40. [PMID: 26678798 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-015-3999-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of bone metastases from urological tumors represents a palliative form of therapy, apart from the resection of solitary metastases from renal cell carcinomas. Due to the high incidence of spinal metastases this can result in clinically significant symptoms and possible complications for patients, such as pain, spinal instability and compression of the spinal canal with corresponding neurological deficits. By the use of targeted diagnostics and induction of radiotherapeutic and/or surgical treatment, for the majority of patients an immediate reduction in pain as well as early mobilization and sometimes even regression of existing neurological deficits and therefore an improved quality of life can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Richter
- Orthopädische Universitätsklinik Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen, Rathsberger Straße 57, 91054, Erlangen, Deutschland.
| | - M Hammon
- Radiologisches Institut, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Deutschland
| | - M Uder
- Radiologisches Institut, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Deutschland
| | - J Huber
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - P J Goebell
- Urologische Universitätsklinik Erlangen, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Deutschland
| | - F Kunath
- Urologische Universitätsklinik Erlangen, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Deutschland
| | - B Wullich
- Urologische Universitätsklinik Erlangen, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Deutschland
| | - B Keck
- Urologische Universitätsklinik Erlangen, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Deutschland
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Schneider F, Clausen S, Thölking J, Wenz F, Abo-Madyan Y. A novel approach for superficial intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) using a 50 kV X-ray source: a technical and case report. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2014; 15:4502. [PMID: 24423847 PMCID: PMC5711231 DOI: 10.1120/jacmp.v15i1.4502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of IORT as a treatment modality for patients with close or positive margins has increased over the past decade. For situations where a flat area (up to 6 cm in diameter) has to be treated intraoperatively, new applicators for superficial treatment with a miniature X‐ray source (INTRABEAM system) were developed. Here we report our evaluation of the dosimetric characteristics of these new applicators and their first clinical use. Each of these flat and surface applicators consists of a radiation protective metal tube and a flattening filter, which converts the spherical dose distribution of the X‐ray source into a flat one. The homogeneity of each dose distribution and depth‐dose measurements were evaluated using film dosimetry in a solid water phantom and a soft X‐ray ionization chamber in a water tank. The first patient was treated with 5 Gy delivered in 5 mm using a 4 cm FLAT applicator over 21 minutes. The flat applicators show the maximum homogeneity, with a uniformity ratio of 1.02‐1.08 in certain depths. In 1 mm depth surface applicators show a uniformity ratio of 1.15‐1.28. They also show a higher dose rate and a steeper dose gradient compared to the flat applicators. The results of this investigation demonstrated that the flat and surface applicators have unique dosimetric characteristics that need to be considered during the treatment planning stages. This work also showed that it is possible to perform a superficial localized IORT which provides new application possibilities for use of the INTRABEAM system. PACS number: 87.55.ne
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Debenham BJ, Hu KS, Harrison LB. Present status and future directions of intraoperative radiotherapy. Lancet Oncol 2013; 14:e457-e464. [PMID: 24079873 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(13)70270-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this Review, we summarise recent published work on the use of intraoperative radiotherapy to treat common tumour sites in the primary or recurrent setting. Techniques, radiobiology, and the physics of intraoperative radiotherapy are also explored. Disease sites discussed in this Review include head and neck cancer, breast cancer, sarcoma, gastrointestinal cancer, genitourinary cancer, gynaecological cancer, thoracic cancer, and palliative applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brock J Debenham
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Continuum Cancer Centers of New York-Beth Israel Medical Center, St Luke's and Roosevelt Hospitals, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Kenneth S Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Continuum Cancer Centers of New York-Beth Israel Medical Center, St Luke's and Roosevelt Hospitals, New York, NY 10003, USA.
| | - Louis B Harrison
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Continuum Cancer Centers of New York-Beth Israel Medical Center, St Luke's and Roosevelt Hospitals, New York, NY 10003, USA
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Radiation protection for an intraoperative X-ray source compared to C-arm fluoroscopy. Z Med Phys 2013; 24:243-51. [PMID: 24238628 DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) using the INTRABEAM(®) system promises a flexible use regarding radiation protection compared to other approaches such as electron treatment or HDR brachytherapy with (192)Ir or (60)Co. In this study we compared dose rate measurements of breast- and Kypho-IORT with C-arm fluoroscopy which is needed to estimate radiation protection areas. MATERIALS AND METHODS C-arm fluoroscopy, breast- and Kypho-IORTs were performed using phantoms (silicon breast or bucket of water). Dose rates were measured at the phantom's surface, at 30 cm, 100 cm and 200 cm distance. Those measurements were confirmed during 10 Kypho-IORT and 10 breast-IORT patient treatments. RESULTS The measured dose rates were in the same magnitude for all three paradigms and ranges from 20 μSv/h during a simulated breast-IORT at two meter distance up to 64 mSv/h directly at the surface of a simulated Kypho-IORT. Those measurements result in a circle of controlled area (yearly doses >6 mSv) for each paradigm of about 4 m±2 m. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS All three paradigms show comparable dose rates which implies that the radiation protection is straight forward and confirms the flexible use of the INTRABEAM(®) system.
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