5
|
Shelton J, Lu X, Hollenbaugh JA, Cho JH, Amblard F, Schinazi RF. Metabolism, Biochemical Actions, and Chemical Synthesis of Anticancer Nucleosides, Nucleotides, and Base Analogs. Chem Rev 2016; 116:14379-14455. [PMID: 27960273 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nucleoside, nucleotide, and base analogs have been in the clinic for decades to treat both viral pathogens and neoplasms. More than 20% of patients on anticancer chemotherapy have been treated with one or more of these analogs. This review focuses on the chemical synthesis and biology of anticancer nucleoside, nucleotide, and base analogs that are FDA-approved and in clinical development since 2000. We highlight the cellular biology and clinical biology of analogs, drug resistance mechanisms, and compound specificity towards different cancer types. Furthermore, we explore analog syntheses as well as improved and scale-up syntheses. We conclude with a discussion on what might lie ahead for medicinal chemists, biologists, and physicians as they try to improve analog efficacy through prodrug strategies and drug combinations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jadd Shelton
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , 1760 Haygood Drive, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Xiao Lu
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , 1760 Haygood Drive, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Joseph A Hollenbaugh
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , 1760 Haygood Drive, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Jong Hyun Cho
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , 1760 Haygood Drive, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Franck Amblard
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , 1760 Haygood Drive, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Raymond F Schinazi
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , 1760 Haygood Drive, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu CC, Huang KF, Yang TY, Li YL, Wen CL, Hsu SL, Chen TH. The Topoisomerase 1 Inhibitor Austrobailignan-1 Isolated from Koelreuteria henryi Induces a G2/M-Phase Arrest and Cell Death Independently of p53 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132052. [PMID: 26147394 PMCID: PMC4492957 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Koelreuteria henryi Dummer, an endemic plant of Taiwan, has been used as a folk medicine for the treatment of hepatitis, enteritis, cough, pharyngitis, allergy, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and cancer. Austrobailignan-1, a natural lignan derivative isolated from Koelreuteria henryi Dummer, has anti-oxidative and anti-cancer properties. However, the effects of austrobailignan-1 on human cancer cells have not been studied yet. Here, we showed that austrobailignan-1 inhibited cell growth of human non-small cell lung cancer A549 and H1299 cell lines in both dose- and time-dependent manners, the IC50 value (48 h) of austrobailignan-1 were 41 and 22 nM, respectively. Data from flow cytometric analysis indicated that treatment with austrobailignan-1 for 24 h retarded the cell cycle at the G2/M phase. The molecular event of austrobailignan-1-mediated G2/M phase arrest was associated with the increase of p21Waf1/Cip1 and p27Kip1 expression, and decrease of Cdc25C expression. Moreover, treatment with 100 nM austrobailignan-1 for 48 h resulted in a pronounced release of cytochrome c followed by the activation of caspase-2, -3, and -9, and consequently induced apoptosis. These events were accompanied by the increase of PUMA and Bax, and the decrease of Mcl-1 and Bcl-2. Furthermore, our study also showed that austrobailignan-1 was a topoisomerase 1 inhibitor, as evidenced by a relaxation assay and induction of a DNA damage response signaling pathway, including ATM, and Chk1, Chk2, γH2AX phosphorylated activation. Overall, our results suggest that austrobailignan-1 is a novel DNA damaging agent and displays a topoisomerase I inhibitory activity, causes DNA strand breaks, and consequently induces DNA damage response signaling for cell cycle G2/M arrest and apoptosis in a p53 independent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chi Wu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medical Research, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Keh-Feng Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tsung-Ying Yang
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ya-Ling Li
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Luan Wen
- Taiwan Seed Improvement and Propagation Station, Council of Agriculture, Propagation Technology Section, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-Lan Hsu
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tzu-Hsiu Chen
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hadoux J, Malka D, Planchard D, Scoazec JY, Caramella C, Guigay J, Boige V, Leboulleux S, Burtin P, Berdelou A, Loriot Y, Duvillard P, Chougnet CN, Déandréis D, Schlumberger M, Borget I, Ducreux M, Baudin E. Post-first-line FOLFOX chemotherapy for grade 3 neuroendocrine carcinoma. Endocr Relat Cancer 2015; 22:289-98. [PMID: 25770151 DOI: 10.1530/erc-15-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is no standard for second-line chemotherapy in poorly differentiated grade 3 neuroendocrine carcinoma (G3-NEC) patients. We analyzed the antitumor efficacy of 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) chemotherapy in this population. A single-center retrospective analysis of consecutive G3-NEC patients treated with FOLFOX chemotherapy after failure of a cisplatinum-based regimen between December 2003 and June 2012 was performed. Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), response rate, and safety were assessed according to RECIST 1.1 and NCI.CTC v4 criteria. Twenty consecutive patients were included (seven males and 13 females; median age 55; range 23-87 years) with a performance status of 0-1 in 75% of them. Primary location was gastroenteropancreatic in 12, thoracic in four, other in two, and unknown in two patients. There were 12 (65%) large-cell and 7 (30%) small-cell G3-NEC tumors, and 1 (5%) unknown. All patients had distant metastases. Twelve (60%) patients received FOLFOX as second-line treatment and 8 (40%) as third-line treatment or later and the median number of administered cycles was 6 (range 3-14). The median follow-up was 19 months. Median PFS was 4.5 months. Among the 17 evaluable patients, five partial responses (29%), six stable diseases (35%), and six progressive diseases (35%) were observed. Median OS was 9.9 months. Main Grade 3-4 toxicities were neutropenia (35%), thrombopenia (20%), nausea/vomiting (10%), anemia (10%), and elevated liver transaminases (10%). Our results indicate that the FOLFOX regimen could be considered as a second-line option in poorly differentiated G3-NEC patients after cisplatinum-based first-line treatment but warrant further confirmation in future larger prospective studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Hadoux
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine TumorsDigestive OncologyMedical Oncology (Thoracic Group)PathologyRadiologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceCentre Antoine LacassagneCLCC, 33, Avenue de Valombrose, F-06189 Nice, FranceDepartment of Urologic OncologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyHôpital Saint Louis - APHP, 1, Avenue Claude-Vellefaux, F-75010 Paris, FranceDepartment of Biostatistics and EpidemiologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceFaculté de MédecineParis-Sud University, F-94270 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - D Malka
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine TumorsDigestive OncologyMedical Oncology (Thoracic Group)PathologyRadiologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceCentre Antoine LacassagneCLCC, 33, Avenue de Valombrose, F-06189 Nice, FranceDepartment of Urologic OncologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyHôpital Saint Louis - APHP, 1, Avenue Claude-Vellefaux, F-75010 Paris, FranceDepartment of Biostatistics and EpidemiologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceFaculté de MédecineParis-Sud University, F-94270 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - D Planchard
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine TumorsDigestive OncologyMedical Oncology (Thoracic Group)PathologyRadiologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceCentre Antoine LacassagneCLCC, 33, Avenue de Valombrose, F-06189 Nice, FranceDepartment of Urologic OncologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyHôpital Saint Louis - APHP, 1, Avenue Claude-Vellefaux, F-75010 Paris, FranceDepartment of Biostatistics and EpidemiologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceFaculté de MédecineParis-Sud University, F-94270 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - J Y Scoazec
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine TumorsDigestive OncologyMedical Oncology (Thoracic Group)PathologyRadiologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceCentre Antoine LacassagneCLCC, 33, Avenue de Valombrose, F-06189 Nice, FranceDepartment of Urologic OncologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyHôpital Saint Louis - APHP, 1, Avenue Claude-Vellefaux, F-75010 Paris, FranceDepartment of Biostatistics and EpidemiologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceFaculté de MédecineParis-Sud University, F-94270 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - C Caramella
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine TumorsDigestive OncologyMedical Oncology (Thoracic Group)PathologyRadiologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceCentre Antoine LacassagneCLCC, 33, Avenue de Valombrose, F-06189 Nice, FranceDepartment of Urologic OncologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyHôpital Saint Louis - APHP, 1, Avenue Claude-Vellefaux, F-75010 Paris, FranceDepartment of Biostatistics and EpidemiologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceFaculté de MédecineParis-Sud University, F-94270 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - J Guigay
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine TumorsDigestive OncologyMedical Oncology (Thoracic Group)PathologyRadiologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceCentre Antoine LacassagneCLCC, 33, Avenue de Valombrose, F-06189 Nice, FranceDepartment of Urologic OncologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyHôpital Saint Louis - APHP, 1, Avenue Claude-Vellefaux, F-75010 Paris, FranceDepartment of Biostatistics and EpidemiologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceFaculté de MédecineParis-Sud University, F-94270 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - V Boige
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine TumorsDigestive OncologyMedical Oncology (Thoracic Group)PathologyRadiologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceCentre Antoine LacassagneCLCC, 33, Avenue de Valombrose, F-06189 Nice, FranceDepartment of Urologic OncologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyHôpital Saint Louis - APHP, 1, Avenue Claude-Vellefaux, F-75010 Paris, FranceDepartment of Biostatistics and EpidemiologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceFaculté de MédecineParis-Sud University, F-94270 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - S Leboulleux
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine TumorsDigestive OncologyMedical Oncology (Thoracic Group)PathologyRadiologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceCentre Antoine LacassagneCLCC, 33, Avenue de Valombrose, F-06189 Nice, FranceDepartment of Urologic OncologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyHôpital Saint Louis - APHP, 1, Avenue Claude-Vellefaux, F-75010 Paris, FranceDepartment of Biostatistics and EpidemiologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceFaculté de MédecineParis-Sud University, F-94270 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - P Burtin
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine TumorsDigestive OncologyMedical Oncology (Thoracic Group)PathologyRadiologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceCentre Antoine LacassagneCLCC, 33, Avenue de Valombrose, F-06189 Nice, FranceDepartment of Urologic OncologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyHôpital Saint Louis - APHP, 1, Avenue Claude-Vellefaux, F-75010 Paris, FranceDepartment of Biostatistics and EpidemiologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceFaculté de MédecineParis-Sud University, F-94270 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - A Berdelou
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine TumorsDigestive OncologyMedical Oncology (Thoracic Group)PathologyRadiologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceCentre Antoine LacassagneCLCC, 33, Avenue de Valombrose, F-06189 Nice, FranceDepartment of Urologic OncologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyHôpital Saint Louis - APHP, 1, Avenue Claude-Vellefaux, F-75010 Paris, FranceDepartment of Biostatistics and EpidemiologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceFaculté de MédecineParis-Sud University, F-94270 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Y Loriot
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine TumorsDigestive OncologyMedical Oncology (Thoracic Group)PathologyRadiologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceCentre Antoine LacassagneCLCC, 33, Avenue de Valombrose, F-06189 Nice, FranceDepartment of Urologic OncologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyHôpital Saint Louis - APHP, 1, Avenue Claude-Vellefaux, F-75010 Paris, FranceDepartment of Biostatistics and EpidemiologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceFaculté de MédecineParis-Sud University, F-94270 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - P Duvillard
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine TumorsDigestive OncologyMedical Oncology (Thoracic Group)PathologyRadiologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceCentre Antoine LacassagneCLCC, 33, Avenue de Valombrose, F-06189 Nice, FranceDepartment of Urologic OncologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyHôpital Saint Louis - APHP, 1, Avenue Claude-Vellefaux, F-75010 Paris, FranceDepartment of Biostatistics and EpidemiologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceFaculté de MédecineParis-Sud University, F-94270 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - C N Chougnet
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine TumorsDigestive OncologyMedical Oncology (Thoracic Group)PathologyRadiologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceCentre Antoine LacassagneCLCC, 33, Avenue de Valombrose, F-06189 Nice, FranceDepartment of Urologic OncologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyHôpital Saint Louis - APHP, 1, Avenue Claude-Vellefaux, F-75010 Paris, FranceDepartment of Biostatistics and EpidemiologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceFaculté de MédecineParis-Sud University, F-94270 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - D Déandréis
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine TumorsDigestive OncologyMedical Oncology (Thoracic Group)PathologyRadiologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceCentre Antoine LacassagneCLCC, 33, Avenue de Valombrose, F-06189 Nice, FranceDepartment of Urologic OncologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyHôpital Saint Louis - APHP, 1, Avenue Claude-Vellefaux, F-75010 Paris, FranceDepartment of Biostatistics and EpidemiologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceFaculté de MédecineParis-Sud University, F-94270 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - M Schlumberger
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine TumorsDigestive OncologyMedical Oncology (Thoracic Group)PathologyRadiologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceCentre Antoine LacassagneCLCC, 33, Avenue de Valombrose, F-06189 Nice, FranceDepartment of Urologic OncologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyHôpital Saint Louis - APHP, 1, Avenue Claude-Vellefaux, F-75010 Paris, FranceDepartment of Biostatistics and EpidemiologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceFaculté de MédecineParis-Sud University, F-94270 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - I Borget
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine TumorsDigestive OncologyMedical Oncology (Thoracic Group)PathologyRadiologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceCentre Antoine LacassagneCLCC, 33, Avenue de Valombrose, F-06189 Nice, FranceDepartment of Urologic OncologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyHôpital Saint Louis - APHP, 1, Avenue Claude-Vellefaux, F-75010 Paris, FranceDepartment of Biostatistics and EpidemiologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceFaculté de MédecineParis-Sud University, F-94270 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine TumorsDigestive OncologyMedical Oncology (Thoracic Group)PathologyRadiologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceCentre Antoine LacassagneCLCC, 33, Avenue de Valombrose, F-06189 Nice, FranceDepartment of Urologic OncologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyHôpital Saint Louis - APHP, 1, Avenue Claude-Vellefaux, F-75010 Paris, FranceDepartment of Biostatistics and EpidemiologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceFaculté de MédecineParis-Sud University, F-94270 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - M Ducreux
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine TumorsDigestive OncologyMedical Oncology (Thoracic Group)PathologyRadiologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceCentre Antoine LacassagneCLCC, 33, Avenue de Valombrose, F-06189 Nice, FranceDepartment of Urologic OncologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyHôpital Saint Louis - APHP, 1, Avenue Claude-Vellefaux, F-75010 Paris, FranceDepartment of Biostatistics and EpidemiologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceFaculté de MédecineParis-Sud University, F-94270 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine TumorsDigestive OncologyMedical Oncology (Thoracic Group)PathologyRadiologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceCentre Antoine LacassagneCLCC, 33, Avenue de Valombrose, F-06189 Nice, FranceDepartment of Urologic OncologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyHôpital Saint Louis - APHP, 1, Avenue Claude-Vellefaux, F-75010 Paris, FranceDepartment of Biostatistics and EpidemiologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceFaculté de MédecineParis-Sud University, F-94270 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - E Baudin
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine TumorsDigestive OncologyMedical Oncology (Thoracic Group)PathologyRadiologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceCentre Antoine LacassagneCLCC, 33, Avenue de Valombrose, F-06189 Nice, FranceDepartment of Urologic OncologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceDepartment of EndocrinologyHôpital Saint Louis - APHP, 1, Avenue Claude-Vellefaux, F-75010 Paris, FranceDepartment of Biostatistics and EpidemiologyGustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94800 Villejuif Cedex, FranceFaculté de MédecineParis-Sud University, F-94270 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| |
Collapse
|