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Matteucci P, Tresoldi M, Chiesa G, Tognella S, Citterio G, Fortis C, Besana C, Rugarli C. Intrapleural Administration of Interleukin-2 and Lak Cells in Locally Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. A Case Report. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 80:246-50. [PMID: 8053086 DOI: 10.1177/030089169408000317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aims and background The systemic administration of recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells is ineffective in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, there is some evidence that their intrapleural administration could be effective, since it increases the concentrations of the cytokine and the effector cells in the tumor area, thereby obtaining greater antitumor activity. Study design We report the case of a patient affected by a locally advanced lung adenocarcinoma with pleural effusion (T4 NO MO – stage 1Mb) treated with repetitive courses consisting of a priming continuous i.v. infusion (48 h) of rIL-2 (18 MIU/m2/day) intraplural administration of LAK cells (3 – 9 × 109/day), in a single daily bolus, for 3 consecutive days and concomitant administration of rlL-2 (1.8-7.2 × 106 IU/day), for 5 days. Results We observed early disappearance of neoplastic cells in the pleural effusion, progressive decrease until disappearance of the pleural effusion, cavitation of the primary lesion during the treatment, and its stabilization for 9 months until progression. Radiologic changes were accompanied by a marked eosinophilia (up to 50 × 109/L), and the intrapleural route of administration of rIL-2 induced a relevant increase in eosinophil count in peripheral blood. Immunologic changes in lymphocyte subpopulation phenotypes were also observed. The performance status of the patient improved, and she was still alive and eupnoic 25 months from the diagnosis and 23 months from the start of treatment. Conclusions This case suggests a therapeutic role for intrapleural rIL-2, and we believe that the relationship among intrapleural administration of rIL-2 and LAK cells, the development of peripheral eosinophilia, and clinical response should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Matteucci
- Divisione di Medicina II, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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2
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Hu CY, Zhang YH, Wang T, Chen L, Gong ZH, Wan YS, Li QJ, Li YS, Zhu B. Interleukin-2 reverses CD8(+) T cell exhaustion in clinical malignant pleural effusion of lung cancer. Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 186:106-14. [PMID: 27447482 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a poor prognostic sign for cancer patients, whereas the functional condition of MPE CD8(+) T cells is unknown. Intracavitary immunotherapy with interleukin (IL)-2 has been proven effective in controlling MPE. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, 35 lung cancer (LC) patients with MPE and 12 healthy donors were included in this study. For the IL-2 therapy experiments, after draining partial MPE, we treated 14 patients by administrating IL-2 (3 or 5 × 10(6) U in 50 ml saline) into the thoracic cavity. Before and after IL-2 treatment (40-48 h), the MPE and peripheral blood (PB) were obtained from the subjects. PB from healthy volunteers was collected as control. The expression of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), granzyme B (GzmB), interferon (IFN)-γ and the proliferation were analysed in CD8(+) T cells from MPE and PB. The CD8(+) T cells in the MPE of LC patients showed lowest GzmB, IFN-γ and proliferation but highest PD-1 expression, compared with that in PB of LC patients and healthy donors. IL-2 treatment reduced the expression of PD-1, increased the expression of GzmB and IFN-γ and enhanced the proliferation of CD8(+) T cells in MPE. In addition, IL-2 treatment reduced carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) level in MPE. These results indicate that MPE CD8(+) T cells exhibit exhaustion phenotype which can be reversed by IL-2 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Hu
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Y H Zhang
- Department of Oncology, No.97 Hospital of PLA, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - T Wang
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - L Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, the 324th Hospital of PLA, Chongqing, China
| | - Z H Gong
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Y S Wan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Q J Li
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Y S Li
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - B Zhu
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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3
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Immunity and malignant mesothelioma: From mesothelial cell damage to tumor development and immune response-based therapies. Cancer Lett 2012; 322:18-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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4
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Den Otter W, Jacobs JJL, Battermann JJ, Hordijk GJ, Krastev Z, Moiseeva EV, Stewart RJE, Ziekman PGPM, Koten JW. Local therapy of cancer with free IL-2. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2008; 57:931-50. [PMID: 18256831 PMCID: PMC2335290 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-008-0455-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2007] [Accepted: 01/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This is a position paper about the therapeutic effects of locally applied free IL-2 in the treatment of cancer. Local therapy: IL-2 therapy of cancer was originally introduced as a systemic therapy. This therapy led to about 20% objective responses. Systemic therapy however was very toxic due to the vascular leakage syndrome. Nevertheless, this treatment was a break-through in cancer immunotherapy and stimulated some interesting questions: Supposing that the mechanism of IL-2 treatment is both proliferation and tumoricidal activity of the tumor infiltrating cells, then locally applied IL-2 should result in a much higher local IL-2 concentration than systemic IL-2 application. Consequently a greater beneficial effect could be expected after local IL-2 application (peritumoral = juxtatumoral, intratumoral, intra-arterial, intracavitary, or intratracheal = inhalation). Free IL-2: Many groups have tried to prepare a more effective IL-2 formulation than free IL-2. Examples are slow release systems, insertion of the IL-2 gene into a tumor cell causing prolonged IL-2 release. However, logistically free IL-2 is much easier to apply; hence we concentrated in this review and in most of our experiments on the use of free IL-2. Local therapy with free IL-2 may be effective against transplanted tumors in experimental animals, and against various spontaneous carcinomas, sarcomas, and melanoma in veterinary and human cancer patients. It may induce rejection of very large, metastasized tumor loads, for instance advanced clinical tumors. The effects of even a single IL-2 application may be impressive. Not each tumor or tumor type is sensitive to local IL-2 application. For instance transplanted EL4 lymphoma or TLX9 lymphoma were not sensitive in our hands. Also the extent of sensitivity differs: In Bovine Ocular Squamous Cell Carcinoma (BOSCC) often a complete regression is obtained, whereas with the Bovine Vulval Papilloma and Carcinoma Complex (BVPCC) mainly stable disease is attained. Analysis of the results of local IL-2 therapy in 288 cases of cancer in human patients shows that there were 27% Complete Regressions (CR), 23% Partial Regressions (PR), 18% Stable Disease (SD), and 32% Progressive Disease (PD). In all tumors analyzed, local IL-2 therapy was more effective than systemic IL-2 treatment. Intratumoral IL-2 applications are more effective than peritumoral application or application at a distant site. Tumor regression induced by intratumoral IL-2 application may be a fast process (requiring about a week) in the case of a highly vascular tumor since IL-2 induces vascular leakage/edema and consequently massive tumor necrosis. The latter then stimulates an immune response. In less vascular tumors or less vascular tumor sites, regression may require 9-20 months; this regression is mainly caused by a cytotoxic leukocyte reaction. Hence the disadvantageous vascular leakage syndrome complicating systemic treatment is however advantageous in local treatment, since local edema may initiate tumor necrosis. Thus the therapeutic effect of local IL-2 treatment is not primarily based on tumor immunity, but tumor immunity seems to be useful as a secondary component of the IL-2 induced local processes. If local IL-2 is combined with surgery, radiotherapy or local chemotherapy the therapeutic effect is usually greater than with either therapy alone. Hence local free IL-2 application can be recommended as an addition to standard treatment protocols. Local treatment with free IL-2 is straightforward and can readily be applied even during surgical interventions. Local IL-2 treatment is usually without serious side effects and besides minor complaints it is generally well supported. Only small quantities of IL-2 are required. Hence the therapy is relatively cheap. A single IL-2 application of 4.5 million U IL-2 costs about 70 Euros. Thus combined local treatment may offer an alternative in those circumstances when more expensive forms of treatment are not available, for instance in resource poor countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem Den Otter
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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5
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Grande C, Firvida JL, Navas V, Casal J. Interleukin-2 for the treatment of solid tumors other than melanoma and renal cell carcinoma. Anticancer Drugs 2006; 17:1-12. [PMID: 16317284 DOI: 10.1097/01.cad.0000182748.47353.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a lymphokine produced by T cells whose main function is to stimulate the growth and cytotoxic response of activated T lymphocytes. It has been used to stimulate the immune system for the treatment of multiples tumors. This article is intended to review the reports published from 1990 to 2004 on the IL-2 treatment of tumors other than melanoma and renal carcinoma. A literature search was made in various databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE and BioAssay), focused on IL-2 clinical efficacy in such tumors. A selection was made over 150 publications reporting on administration of IL-2 in multiple tumors: lung carcinoma (small cell and non-small cell), colorectal, gastric, pancreatic, ovarian and breast cancer, sarcomas, hepatocarcinoma, mesothelioma, and brain, urological, and head and neck tumors. IL-2 was mainly used in metastatic disease, associated with other immunotherapy or chemotherapy schedules. We conclude that adjuvant IL-2 may be of value in early stages combined with standard treatment for colon and pancreas cancers. In other neoplasms, the indication for adjuvant IL-2 has been sporadic and does not allow conclusions to be drawn. Assessment of the efficacy of IL-2 combined with chemotherapy as treatment for advanced stages is complex, due to the lack of a control, and the variety of dosages and schemes. The activity of IL-2 in monotherapy or in association with immunotherapy is clinically relevant in hepatocarcinoma, mesothelioma and in malignant overflows as palliative treatment. Randomized trials would be required in order to be able to draw conclusions about its indication in other tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Grande
- Department of Medical Oncology, Vigo University Hospital Complex, Vigo, Spain.
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6
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Abstract
The cancer process in a combination of two kinds of events: a multistep cellular genetic defects giving cells independent growth and great adaptation capability, a multistep interactions profiles with what is called the stromal reaction from the original in situ tumor to the invasive metastatic and angiogenic tumor. The immune system plays an important role in the control of the cancer process but always must be seen as a part integrated in the stromal reaction. In order to boost the immune system capability to treat a cancer we must never forget these cellular and tissular dimensions. Interleukins, growth factors and monoclonal antibodies are new agents are able to bring immunotherapy of cancer to reality. Interleukin 2 did not match our dreams of the ideal factor which can stimulate the defective immune system and bring the cancer evolution to an end. The little but real remissions obtained with the IL-2 high dose protocols still sustains our trust of the immune system as a critical barrier to cancer evolution but the numerous side effects reminds us that cytokines are not to be used as antibiotics and hormones. IL-2 is a regulator of the immune system at the microenvironment level, therefore flooding the blood circulation with high IL-2 doses is not appropriate. We have also to understand that IL-2 can interact directly with cancer cells and also with stromal cells (endothelial and fibroblastic cells), the outcome of IL-2 immunotherapy is not restricted to the interactions with immune cells.
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7
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Porta C, Rizzo V, Zimatore M, Sartore-Bianchi A, Danova M, Mutti L. Intrapleural interleukin-2 induces nitric oxide production in pleural effusions from malignant mesothelioma: a possible mechanism of interleukin-2-mediated cytotoxicity? Lung Cancer 2002; 38:159-62. [PMID: 12399127 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(02)00187-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Due to the frequent use of intrapleural interleukin-2 (IL-2) to treat pleural effusions from malignant mesothelioma (MMe), we measured nitric oxide (NO) end product nitrite (NO(2)(-)) in pleural effusions of 12 MMe patients with chronic or chronic-relapsing pleurisy. Through high performance liquid chromatography analysis, NO(2)(-) was found in the initial pleural fluid sample of all patients (156.25 pmol ml(-1)), and increased significantly following IL-2 intrapleural instillation, both at 24 (589.91 pmol ml(-1), P < or = 0.0005) and 48 h (756 pmol ml(-1), P< or = 0.0005). Even though it is difficult to argue if the large amounts of NO end product NO(2)(-) we observed is produced by IL-2-stimulated and recruited immune cells, by MMe cells themselves, or by both, it is possible that NO could contribute to the complex antitumor activity of IL-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camillo Porta
- Internal Medicine and Medical Oncology, IRCCS San Matteo University Hospital, I-27100 Pavia, Italy.
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8
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Neoadiuvant Treatment With Intravesical Interleukin-2 for Recurrent Superficial Transitional Bladder Carcinoma Ta-T1/G1-2. J Immunother 2001. [DOI: 10.1097/00002371-200103000-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Castagneto B, Zai S, Mutti L, Lazzaro A, Ridolfi R, Piccolini E, Ardizzoni A, Fumagalli L, Valsuani G, Botta M. Palliative and therapeutic activity of IL-2 immunotherapy in unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma with pleural effusion: Results of a phase II study on 31 consecutive patients. Lung Cancer 2001; 31:303-10. [PMID: 11165411 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(00)00192-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma is often unresectable at diagnosis, is refractory to cytotoxic agents and is frequently complicated by pleural effusion. The expected survival range for patients with or without involvement of visceral pleura is respectively 1-9 and 9-12 months; mesothelioma-related pleural effusion severely impairs the patients' quality of life and easily relapses after conservative treatments. Intrapleural administration of IL-2 is reported to be effective both in tumor-associated malignant pleurisy and on primary mesothelioma, whereas few data exist about IL-2 systemic administration. In order to assess the palliative and therapeutic activity of IL-2 in unresectable pleural malignant mesothelioma with pleural effusion, we performed a phase II study on 31 consecutive patients (M/F 16/15; median age 61 years, range 40-84; PS ECOG 0 n=7; ECOG 1 n=15; ECOG 2 n=9; stage IA n=13; IB n=9; II n=7; IV=2) who received first-line therapy with intrapleural repeated instillation of 9000000 I.U. IL-2 twice/weekly for 4 weeks, after needle thoracenthesis. In nonprogressing patients, 3000000 I.U. IL-2 were subcutaneously administered thrice weekly for up to 6 months. Toxicity (WHO criteria) with intrapleural IL-2 consisted of grade 3 fever in 6/31 (19%) patients and of cardiac toxicity (failure) grade 3 in one patient (3%); toxicity during subcutaneous treatment was mild to moderate, mainly a flu-like syndrome. In 28/31 (90%) of patients there was no further or minimal (asymptomatic) pleural fluid collection (according to Paladine criteria); pleurisy relapsed only in 1/28 patients after 19 months. Tumor objective response (WHO criteria), evaluated by CT, occurred in seven patients (one CR and six PR; ORR 22%); ten patients achieved SD and 14 patients progressed. Median overall survival was 15 months (range 5-39) in all patients. IL-2 intrapleural administration followed by low-dose IL-2 subcutaneously in pleurisy-complicated malignant mesothelioma is feasible and active both in palliation of pleural effusion and on primary tumor, with manageable toxicity. The overall survival observed in nonprogressing patients warrants further randomized studies with IL-2 aimed to the patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Castagneto
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ospedale S. Spirito, Viale Giolitti 2, 15033 Casale Monferrato, Italy.
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10
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Porta C, Danova M, Orengo AM, Ferrini S, Moroni M, Gaggero A, Libener R, Betta PG, Ferrari S, Procopio A, Strizzi L, Mutti L. Interleukin-2 induces cell cycle perturbations leading to cell growth inhibition and death in malignant mesothelioma cells in vitro. J Cell Physiol 2000; 185:126-34. [PMID: 10942526 DOI: 10.1002/1097-4652(200010)185:1<126::aid-jcp12>3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Previous report indicated that Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is able to inhibit the growth of IL-2-receptor-positive cancer cell lines without any involvement of the immune system, through IL-2-induced alterations of the cell cycle kinetics. In this study we provide evidence that IL-2 exerts anti-proliferative effect on three human malignant mesothelioma (MMe) cells in vitro, while no effects were observed on normal human mesothelial cell (HMC) primary cultures. The growth inhibitory effect of IL-2 on neoplastic cells appeared to depend on the baseline proliferative status of these cells. Indeed, in highly proliferating MMe cells, we observed a reduction of malignant cells in the S-phase of the cell cycle, with an accumulation in G0/G1, followed by apotosis for longer incubations or exposure to higher doses. On the contrary, in MMe cells proliferating at lower rate, IL-2 induces only a late cytotoxic effect, leading to apoptosis, without significantly affecting the cell cycle. IL-2Rbeta mRNA was detectable by RT-PCR in all MMe cells, IL-2Ralpha mRNA in one only out the three assayed and IL-2Rgamma mRNA in none. In addition, mRNA specific for the IL-2Rbeta-associated Jak-1 tyrosine kinase was expressed in all MMe cell lines, further suggesting that IL-2Rbeta may play a role in the observed effects. Very low, albeit detectable, levels of IL-2Rbeta chain appeared to be expressed at the cell surface of MMe cells by indirect immunofluorescence and FACS analyses. Finally, Ca(++) fluxes were rapidly induced when MMe cells were exposed to exogenous IL-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Porta
- Laboratory of Cytometry and Cellular Therapies, A. Ferrata Institute of Internal Medicine and Medical Oncology, IRCCS San Matteo University Hospital, Pavia, Italy
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11
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van Herpen CM, De Mulder PH. Locoregional immunotherapy in cancer patients: review of clinical studies. Ann Oncol 2000; 11:1229-39. [PMID: 11106110 DOI: 10.1023/a:1008335318764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many patients with invasive cancer have a compromised immune system. This immune dysfunction does appear to start at the site of the tumor. Locoregional immunotherapy is given to stimulate the immune system in order to kill tumor cells either indirectly via a specific or a non-specific way or directly via cell transfer therapy. Advantages to give this immunotherapy locoregionally in stead of systemically are a higher concentration of the immunomodulator at the site of the tumor, to attract or activate effector cells, and diminished toxicity. In this review we have summarised the clinical studies using loco-regional immunotherapy in patients with cancer. Only phase I and II studies were performed. Clinical responses were seen. No single locoregional treatment has become a standard therapy. Relatively few investigations were performed to estimate the influence on the locally effector mechanisms or immune dysfunction. In future clinical trials it is essential to get a better insight in these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M van Herpen
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Centre Sint Radhoud, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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12
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Den Otter W, Dobrowolski Z, Bugajski A, Papla B, Van Der Meijden AP, Koten JW, Boon TA, Siedlar M, Zembala M. Intravesical interleukin-2 in T1 papillary bladder carcinoma: regression of marker lesion in 8 of 10 patients. J Urol 1998; 159:1183-6. [PMID: 9507828 DOI: 10.1097/00005392-199804000-00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluate the therapeutic effect of intravesical interleukin-2 (IL-2) on T1 papillary bladder carcinoma after incomplete transurethral resection. MATERIALS AND METHODS After incomplete transurethral resection we treated 10 patients in whom the marker lesion was left in place with 3 x 10(6) Chiron units IL-2 in 50 ml. saline plus 0.1% human serum albumin. The solution remained in the bladder for 2 hours and it was instilled on 5 consecutive days. The effect of IL-2 treatment on the marker lesion was evaluated by cystoscopy and repeat biopsy of the marker site 2 months after treatment. In addition, the effect on the recurrence of bladder tumors was studied. RESULTS At 2 months 8 of the 10 marker lesions (80%) had completely regressed and there were no tumor cells on repeat biopsy. Four patients remained tumor-free after 30 to 54 months. We noted no toxic effects. In 1 patient with a 7-year history of bladder cancer the marker was only partially regressed after 2 months. After removal of the marker this patient remained tumor-free at a followup of 54 months. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge this report represents the first study of the effect of IL-2 on marker lesions left in place after transurethral resection. The results indicate that IL-2 instillations are feasible, and the combination of transurethral resection and IL-2 instillation may have a powerful antitumor effect. The therapeutic effects may not simply be due to intravesical IL-2, because previous transurethral resection probably caused some influx of infiltrating cells and the marker may have had tumor associated antigens. Consequently these effects may be due to the interaction of tumor associated antigens, infiltrating cells and IL-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Den Otter
- Department of Functional Morphology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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13
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DEN OTTER WILLEM, DOBROWOLSKI ZYGMUNT, BUGAJSKI ANDREJ, PAPLA BOLESLAW, VAN DER MEIJDEN A, KOTEN JANW, BOON TOMA, SIEDLAR MACIEJ, ZEMBALA MAREK. INTRAVESICAL INTERLEUKIN-2 IN T1 PAPILLARY BLADDER CARCINOMA: REGRESSION OF MARKER LESION IN 8 OF 10 PATIENTS. J Urol 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(01)63548-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- WILLEM DEN OTTER
- Department of Functional Morphology, Utrecht University and Departments of Urology, University Hospital Utrecht, Utrecht and Groot Ziekengasthuis, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands, and Departments of Urology (Clinic of Urology), Pathology and Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - ZYGMUNT DOBROWOLSKI
- Department of Functional Morphology, Utrecht University and Departments of Urology, University Hospital Utrecht, Utrecht and Groot Ziekengasthuis, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands, and Departments of Urology (Clinic of Urology), Pathology and Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - ANDREJ BUGAJSKI
- Department of Functional Morphology, Utrecht University and Departments of Urology, University Hospital Utrecht, Utrecht and Groot Ziekengasthuis, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands, and Departments of Urology (Clinic of Urology), Pathology and Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - BOLESLAW PAPLA
- Department of Functional Morphology, Utrecht University and Departments of Urology, University Hospital Utrecht, Utrecht and Groot Ziekengasthuis, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands, and Departments of Urology (Clinic of Urology), Pathology and Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - A.P.M. VAN DER MEIJDEN
- Department of Functional Morphology, Utrecht University and Departments of Urology, University Hospital Utrecht, Utrecht and Groot Ziekengasthuis, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands, and Departments of Urology (Clinic of Urology), Pathology and Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - JAN W. KOTEN
- Department of Functional Morphology, Utrecht University and Departments of Urology, University Hospital Utrecht, Utrecht and Groot Ziekengasthuis, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands, and Departments of Urology (Clinic of Urology), Pathology and Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - TOM A. BOON
- Department of Functional Morphology, Utrecht University and Departments of Urology, University Hospital Utrecht, Utrecht and Groot Ziekengasthuis, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands, and Departments of Urology (Clinic of Urology), Pathology and Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - MACIEJ SIEDLAR
- Department of Functional Morphology, Utrecht University and Departments of Urology, University Hospital Utrecht, Utrecht and Groot Ziekengasthuis, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands, and Departments of Urology (Clinic of Urology), Pathology and Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - MAREK ZEMBALA
- Department of Functional Morphology, Utrecht University and Departments of Urology, University Hospital Utrecht, Utrecht and Groot Ziekengasthuis, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands, and Departments of Urology (Clinic of Urology), Pathology and Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
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14
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Takaku F. Cytokines and bone marrow transplantation. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1995; 121:701-9. [PMID: 7499440 DOI: 10.1007/bf01213315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This article summarizes the various current uses of cytokines, and bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for cancer treatment. Interferons, interleukin-2 and hematopoietic growth factors are extensively used for the treatment of hematopoietic as well as nonhematopoietic malignancies, either as the main therapeutic agents or as an adjuvant. Research on gene therapy using cytokines is in progress. Stem cell transplantation is also discussed in the context of gene therapy of cancer. Gene therapy is expected to become a future modality in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Takaku
- International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Perrone F, Carlomagno C, De Placido S, Lauria R, Morabito A, Bianco AR. First-line systemic therapy for metastatic breast cancer and management of pleural effusion. Ann Oncol 1995; 6:1033-43. [PMID: 8750157 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.annonc.a059068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F Perrone
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Oncology, School of Medicine, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Chirigos MA, Talor E, Sidwell RW, Burger RA, Warren RP. Leukocyte Interleukin, Inj. (LI) augmentation of natural killer cells and cytolytic T-lymphocytes. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 1995; 17:247-64. [PMID: 7650289 DOI: 10.3109/08923979509019749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A serum free lymphokine preparation derived from human buffy-coat mononuclear cells [buffy coat interleukins (BC-IL)], also named Leukocyte Interleukin, Inj. (LI), trade name Multikine, containing glycosylated interleukin-2 (IL-2) among other interleukins, was tested in three head and neck cancer patients. They responded with tumor regressions associated with increased tumor infiltration of lymphocytes and tumor cell lysis indicating an LI Interleukin-2 induced tumor-specific immune response. To determine whether these responses elicited by LI were IL-2 driven, augmentation of natural killer cells (NKC) and cytolytic T cells (CTL), was tested both in vitro and in vivo. A single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of LI in adult BALB/c mice at doses of 3, 10, 30 and 100 of IL-2 equivalence International Units per mouse, led to significant (p < 0.01) augmentation of NKC cytotoxicity to YAC tumor cells. NKC cytotoxicity remained elevated for 7 days, peaking at 5 days post-treatment. Multiple treatments with LI did not increase NKC cytotoxicity above single injection, nor did it lead to NKC hyporesponsiveness. The most effective treatment routes leading to heightened NKC cytotoxicity were: intravenous(i.v.) > intraperitoneal (i.p.) > intramuscular (i.m.) > subcutaneous (sc). Significant (p < 0.05 to < 0.01) NKC cytotoxicity was achieved by all four routes. In vitro incubation of murine splenocytes with 30 and 100 International Units/ml (IU/ml) of IL-2 equivalent elevated NKC cytotoxicity significantly (p < 0.01) at all effector to target cell ratios tested and exceeded the response achieved with rhIFN gamma. NKC cytotoxicity of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBL) against the K562 human tumor cell was also significantly elevated (p < 0.01) at the 30 and 100 IU/ml doses and (p < 0.05) at 3 and 10 IU/ml doses. Of particular interest was the significant increase of CTL response in HPBL generated by LI. Significant activity (p < 0.01) was achieved with levels of 10, 30 and 100 IU/ml at effector to target cell ratios as low as 6 to 1. These results indicate that the LI containing IL-2 led to the significant increase in NKC and CTL cytolytic activities. Relatively lower doses of LI were needed to attain equivalent cytolytic activities as achieved with rhIL-2 or rhIFN gamma.
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Stein M, Neuman A, Dale J, Drumea K, Ben-Itzhak O, Bar-Shalom R, Goldscher D, Haim N. Cardiac tamponade as the initial manifestation of primary pericardial mesothelioma. MEDICAL AND PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY 1995; 24:208-12. [PMID: 7838044 DOI: 10.1002/mpo.2950240313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Although cardiac tamponade is a known complication of malignancy, it is rarely the initial manifestation. We report a 46-year-old male who presented with malignant cardiac tamponade 6 months prior to the definitive diagnosis of primary pericardial mesothelioma. A thorough literature search has not revealed a similar care.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Stein
- Northern Israel Oncology Center, Chemotherapy Unit, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa
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Viallat JR, Boutin C, Rey F, Astoul P, Farisse P, Brandely M. Intrapleural immunotherapy with escalating doses of interleukin-2 in metastatic pleural effusions. Cancer 1993; 71:4067-71. [PMID: 8508372 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19930615)71:12<4067::aid-cncr2820711243>3.0.co;2-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The authors assessed the tolerance and efficacy of intrapleural interleukin-2 (IL-2) in patients with malignant effusion. METHODS Twenty-three patients had a total of 25 metastatic pleural effusions; the patients were treated with recombinant IL-2 by means of a continuous intrapleural infusion for 5 days. The daily dosage used in this Phase I/II trial initially was 3 x 10(6) IU/m2/day; the dosage was increased with every third patient, culminating in a dosage of 24 x 10(6) IU/m2/day. RESULTS One patient who had received the highest dosage died of renal failure on day 8. Ninety-six percent of patients had Grade 2-3 fever, which was easily controlled with paracetamol administration. Two (8%) patients had pleural empyema. All other side effects were mild and resolved spontaneously by the end of treatment. The objective response rate was 21.7%. The five patients who responded to IL-2 therapy were alive 7-24 months after treatment, and the survival rate of the whole group was 59% after 13 months. CONCLUSION A daily dose of 10-24 x 10(6) IU/m2/day of IL-2 administered intrapleurally gave response rates similar to those reported in the literature using the intravenous route, but a much lower morbidity rate was recorded.
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