Qesaraku B, Dudas J, Rave-Fränk M, Hess CF, Ramadori G, Saile B, Christiansen H. Effect of tumour necrosis factor-alpha and irradiation alone or in combination on the viability of hepatocellular and biliary adenocarcinoma cell lines in vitro.
Liver Int 2009;
29:910-21. [PMID:
19226333 DOI:
10.1111/j.1478-3231.2009.01980.x]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND
Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) may exhibit antitumoral activity and can influence the reaction of both tumour and normal tissue to radiation.
AIMS
To test the effect of TNF-alpha and/or irradiation on hepatocellular (HepG2, Hep3B, Sk-Hep1, HuH7) and cholangiocellular (Sk-chA1, Mz-chA1) tumour cell lines.
METHODS
Colony formation, apoptosis analysis and trypan blue exclusion were used to assess cell viability. Doses of radiation (2-25 Gy) and TNF-alpha (100-50,000 U) as well as their respective sequencing were varied (24 and 12 h before and 6 h after). The expression of TNF-alpha and TNF receptors 1/2 was determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction and IkappaBalpha protein expression was detected by Western blot.
RESULTS
Sole irradiation induced a reduction in colony formation in all cell lines and sole TNF-alpha in HepG2 and Sk-chA1 cells only. No difference in apoptosis induction after TNF-alpha or irradiation was observed. Cellular death induced by the combination of TNF-alpha and radiation was not superior to the use of any of the two agents alone. All cell lines revealed that radiation induced upregulation of TNF-alpha whereas the extent of TNF receptor-specific transcription did not change. Furthermore, radiation-induced changes in IkappaBalpha expression were not detectable.
CONCLUSIONS
Our data suggest that both TNF-alpha and radiation may be treatment options for hepatocellular and cholangiocellular carcinomas. Because TNF-alpha and radiation do not interact in terms of radiosensitization, anti-TNF-alpha treatment may have the potential to protect against hepatocellular injury after abdominal irradiation. However, further in vivo studies are needed to confirm that anti-TNF-alpha treatment does not compromise tumour control and actually attenuates radiation-induced liver injury.
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