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Qian Y, Li X, Li X, Zhang X, Yuan Q, Wang Z, Zhang M, Huang M, Ji N. TOM5 regulates the mitochondrial membrane potential of alveolar epithelial cells in organizing pneumonia. Redox Rep 2024; 29:2354625. [PMID: 38794801 PMCID: PMC11134018 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2024.2354625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Deficiency of TOM5, a mitochondrial protein, causes organizing pneumonia (OP) in mice. The clinical significance and mechanisms of TOM5 in the pathogenesis of OP remain elusive. We demonstrated that TOM5 was significantly increased in the lung tissues of OP patients, which was positively correlated with the collagen deposition. In a bleomycin-induced murine model of chronic OP, increased TOM5 was in line with lung fibrosis. In vitro, TOM5 regulated the mitochondrial membrane potential in alveolar epithelial cells. TOM5 reduced the proportion of early apoptotic cells and promoted cell proliferation. Our study shed light on the roles of TOM5 in OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qian
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Pathology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xijie Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Yuan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengxia Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minghun Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mao Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ningfei Ji
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Li Q, Xu Z, Fang F, Shen Y, Lei H, Shen X. Identification of key pathways, genes and immune cell infiltration in hypoxia of high-altitude acclimatization via meta-analysis and integrated bioinformatics analysis. Front Genet 2023; 14:1055372. [PMID: 37035734 PMCID: PMC10080023 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1055372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: For individuals acutely exposed to high-altitude regions, environmental hypobaric hypoxia induces several physiological or pathological responses, especially immune dysfunction. Therefore, hypoxia is a potentially life-threatening factor, which has closely related to high-altitude acclimatization. However, its specific molecular mechanism is still unclear. Methods: The four expression profiles about hypoxia and high altitude were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database in this study. Meta-analysis of GEO datasets was performed by NetworkAnalyst online tool. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, and visualization were performed using R (version 4.1.3) software, respectively. The CIBERSORT analysis was conducted on GSE46480 to examine immune cell infiltration. In addition, we experimentally verified the bioinformatics analysis with qRT-PCR. Results: The meta-analysis identified 358 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 209 upregulated and 149 downregulated. DEGs were mostly enriched in biological processes and pathways associated with hypoxia acclimatization at high altitudes, according to both GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. ERH, VBP1, BINP3L, TOMM5, PSMA4, and POLR2K were identified by taking intersections of the DEGs between meta-analysis and GSE46480 and verified by qRT-PCR experiments, which were inextricably linked to hypoxia. Immune infiltration analysis showed significant differences in immune cells between samples at sea level and high altitudes. Conclusion: Identifying the DEGs and pathways will improve our understanding of immune function during high-altitude hypoxia at a molecular level. Targeting hypoxia-sensitive pathways in immune cells is interesting in treating high-altitude sickness. This study provides support for further research on high-altitude acclimatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhichao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fujin Fang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huan Lei
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaobing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaobing Shen,
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Rackow AR, Nagel DJ, McCarthy C, Judge J, Lacy S, Freeberg MAT, Thatcher TH, Kottmann RM, Sime PJ. The self-fulfilling prophecy of pulmonary fibrosis: a selective inspection of pathological signalling loops. Eur Respir J 2020; 56:13993003.00075-2020. [PMID: 32943406 PMCID: PMC7931159 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00075-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a devastating, progressive disease and carries a prognosis worse than most cancers. Despite ongoing research, the mechanisms that underlie disease pathogenesis remain only partially understood. However, the self-perpetuating nature of pulmonary fibrosis has led several researchers to propose the existence of pathological signalling loops. According to this hypothesis, the normal wound-healing process becomes corrupted and results in the progressive accumulation of scar tissue in the lung. In addition, several negative regulators of pulmonary fibrosis are downregulated and, therefore, are no longer capable of inhibiting these feed-forward loops. The combination of pathological signalling loops and loss of a checks and balances system ultimately culminates in a process of unregulated scar formation. This review details specific signalling pathways demonstrated to play a role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. The evidence of detrimental signalling loops is elucidated with regard to epithelial cell injury, cellular senescence and the activation of developmental and ageing pathways. We demonstrate where these loops intersect each other, as well as common mediators that may drive these responses and how the loss of pro-resolving mediators may contribute to the propagation of disease. By focusing on the overlapping signalling mediators among the many pro-fibrotic pathways, it is our hope that the pulmonary fibrosis community will be better equipped to design future trials that incorporate the redundant nature of these pathways as we move towards finding a cure for this unrelenting disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley R Rackow
- Dept of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Authors contributed equally to this work
| | - David J Nagel
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Authors contributed equally to this work
| | | | | | - Shannon Lacy
- US Army of Veterinary Corps, Fort Campbell, KY, USA
| | | | - Thomas H Thatcher
- Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - R Matthew Kottmann
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Patricia J Sime
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Brommage R, Powell DR, Vogel P. Predicting human disease mutations and identifying drug targets from mouse gene knockout phenotyping campaigns. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm038224. [PMID: 31064765 PMCID: PMC6550044 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.038224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Two large-scale mouse gene knockout phenotyping campaigns have provided extensive data on the functions of thousands of mammalian genes. The ongoing International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC), with the goal of examining all ∼20,000 mouse genes, has examined 5115 genes since 2011, and phenotypic data from several analyses are available on the IMPC website (www.mousephenotype.org). Mutant mice having at least one human genetic disease-associated phenotype are available for 185 IMPC genes. Lexicon Pharmaceuticals' Genome5000™ campaign performed similar analyses between 2000 and the end of 2008 focusing on the druggable genome, including enzymes, receptors, transporters, channels and secreted proteins. Mutants (4654 genes, with 3762 viable adult homozygous lines) with therapeutically interesting phenotypes were studied extensively. Importantly, phenotypes for 29 Lexicon mouse gene knockouts were published prior to observations of similar phenotypes resulting from homologous mutations in human genetic disorders. Knockout mouse phenotypes for an additional 30 genes mimicked previously published human genetic disorders. Several of these models have helped develop effective treatments for human diseases. For example, studying Tph1 knockout mice (lacking peripheral serotonin) aided the development of telotristat ethyl, an approved treatment for carcinoid syndrome. Sglt1 (also known as Slc5a1) and Sglt2 (also known as Slc5a2) knockout mice were employed to develop sotagliflozin, a dual SGLT1/SGLT2 inhibitor having success in clinical trials for diabetes. Clinical trials evaluating inhibitors of AAK1 (neuropathic pain) and SGLT1 (diabetes) are underway. The research community can take advantage of these unbiased analyses of gene function in mice, including the minimally studied 'ignorome' genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Brommage
- Department of Metabolism Research, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, 8800 Technology Forest Place, The Woodlands, TX 77381, USA
| | - David R Powell
- Department of Metabolism Research, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, 8800 Technology Forest Place, The Woodlands, TX 77381, USA
| | - Peter Vogel
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Pathology, MS 250, Room C5036A, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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5
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Rowlands DJ. Mitochondria dysfunction: A novel therapeutic target in pathological lung remodeling or bystander? Pharmacol Ther 2016; 166:96-105. [PMID: 27373853 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The renascence in mitochondrial research has fueled breakthroughs in our understanding of mitochondrial biology identifying major roles in biological processes ranging from cellular oxygen sensing and regulation of intracellular calcium levels through to initiation of apoptosis or a shift in cell phenotype. Chronic respiratory diseases are no exception to the resurgent interest in mitochondrial biology. Microscopic observations of lungs from patients with chronic respiratory diseases such as pulmonary arterial hypertension, asthma and COPD show accumulation of dysmorphic mitochondria and provide the first evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction in diseased lungs. Recent mechanistic insights have established links between mitochondrial dysfunction or aberrant biogenesis and the pathogenesis of chronic respiratory diseases through playing a causative role in structural remodeling of the lung. The aim here is to discuss the case for a mitochondrial basis of lung remodeling in patients with chronic respiratory diseases. The present article will focus on the question of whether currently available data supports mitochondrial mechanisms as a viable point of therapeutic intervention in respiratory diseases and suggestions for future avenues of research in this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Rowlands
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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6
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Vogel P, Gelfman CM, Issa T, Payne BJ, Hansen GM, Read RW, Jones C, Pitcher MR, Ding ZM, DaCosta CM, Shadoan MK, Vance RB, Powell DR. Nephronophthisis and retinal degeneration in tmem218-/- mice: a novel mouse model for Senior-Løken syndrome? Vet Pathol 2014; 52:580-95. [PMID: 25161209 DOI: 10.1177/0300985814547392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mice deficient in TMEM218 (Tmem218(-/-) ) were generated as part of an effort to identify and validate pharmaceutically tractable targets for drug development through large-scale phenotypic screening of knockout mice. Routine diagnostics, expression analysis, histopathology, and electroretinogram analyses completed on Tmem218(-/-) mice identified a previously unknown role for TMEM218 in the development and function of the kidney and eye. The major observed phenotypes in Tmem218(-/-) mice were progressive cystic kidney disease and retinal degeneration. The renal lesions were characterized by diffuse renal cyst development with tubulointerstitial nephropathy and disruption of tubular basement membranes in essentially normal-sized kidneys. The retinal lesions were characterized by slow-onset loss of photoreceptors, which resulted in reduced electroretinogram responses. These renal and retinal lesions are most similar to those associated with nephronophthisis (NPHP) and retinitis pigmentosa in humans. At least 10% of NPHP cases present with extrarenal conditions, which most often include retinal degeneration. Senior-Løken syndrome is characterized by the concurrent development of autosomal recessive NPHP and retinitis pigmentosa. Since mutations in the known NPHP genes collectively account for only about 30% of NPHP cases, it is possible that TMEM218 could be involved in the development of similar ciliopathies in humans. In reviewing all other reported mouse models of NPHP, we suggest that Tmem218(-/-) mice could provide a useful model for elucidating the pathogenesis of cilia-associated disease in both the kidney and the retina, as well as in developing and testing novel therapeutic strategies for Senior-Løken syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Vogel
- Department of Pathology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc., The Woodlands, TX, USA
| | - C M Gelfman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc., The Woodlands, TX, USA
| | - T Issa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc., The Woodlands, TX, USA
| | - B J Payne
- Department of Pathology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc., The Woodlands, TX, USA
| | - G M Hansen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc., The Woodlands, TX, USA
| | - R W Read
- Department of Pathology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc., The Woodlands, TX, USA
| | - C Jones
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc., The Woodlands, TX, USA
| | - M R Pitcher
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc., The Woodlands, TX, USA
| | - Z-M Ding
- Department of Metabolism, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc., The Woodlands, TX, USA
| | - C M DaCosta
- Department of Metabolism, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc., The Woodlands, TX, USA
| | - M K Shadoan
- Department of Metabolism, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc., The Woodlands, TX, USA
| | - R B Vance
- Department of Pathology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc., The Woodlands, TX, USA
| | - D R Powell
- Department of Metabolism, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc., The Woodlands, TX, USA
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7
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Lathe R, Sapronova A, Kotelevtsev Y. Atherosclerosis and Alzheimer--diseases with a common cause? Inflammation, oxysterols, vasculature. BMC Geriatr 2014; 14:36. [PMID: 24656052 PMCID: PMC3994432 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2318-14-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is accompanied by increasing vulnerability to pathologies such as atherosclerosis (ATH) and Alzheimer disease (AD). Are these different pathologies, or different presentations with a similar underlying pathoetiology? DISCUSSION Both ATH and AD involve inflammation, macrophage infiltration, and occlusion of the vasculature. Allelic variants in common genes including APOE predispose to both diseases. In both there is strong evidence of disease association with viral and bacterial pathogens including herpes simplex and Chlamydophila. Furthermore, ablation of components of the immune system (or of bone marrow-derived macrophages alone) in animal models restricts disease development in both cases, arguing that both are accentuated by inflammatory/immune pathways. We discuss that amyloid β, a distinguishing feature of AD, also plays a key role in ATH. Several drugs, at least in mouse models, are effective in preventing the development of both ATH and AD. Given similar age-dependence, genetic underpinnings, involvement of the vasculature, association with infection, Aβ involvement, the central role of macrophages, and drug overlap, we conclude that the two conditions reflect different manifestations of a common pathoetiology. MECHANISM Infection and inflammation selectively induce the expression of cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H). Acutely, the production of 'immunosterol' 25-hydroxycholesterol (25OHC) defends against enveloped viruses. We present evidence that chronic macrophage CH25H upregulation leads to catalyzed esterification of sterols via 25OHC-driven allosteric activation of ACAT (acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase/SOAT), intracellular accumulation of cholesteryl esters and lipid droplets, vascular occlusion, and overt disease. SUMMARY We postulate that AD and ATH are both caused by chronic immunologic challenge that induces CH25H expression and protection against particular infectious agents, but at the expense of longer-term pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Lathe
- State University of Pushchino, Prospekt Nauki, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia
- Pushchino Branch of the Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290 Moscow Region, Russia
- Pieta Research, PO Box 27069, Edinburgh EH10 5YW, UK
| | - Alexandra Sapronova
- State University of Pushchino, Prospekt Nauki, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia
- Pushchino Branch of the Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290 Moscow Region, Russia
- Optical Research Group, Laboratory of Evolutionary Biophysics of Development, Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri Kotelevtsev
- State University of Pushchino, Prospekt Nauki, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia
- Pushchino Branch of the Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290 Moscow Region, Russia
- Biomedical Centre for Research Education and Innovation (CREI), Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo 143025, Russia
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Little France, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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Adissu HA, Estabel J, Sunter D, Tuck E, Hooks Y, Carragher DM, Clarke K, Karp NA, Newbigging S, Jones N, Morikawa L, White JK, McKerlie C. Histopathology reveals correlative and unique phenotypes in a high-throughput mouse phenotyping screen. Dis Model Mech 2014; 7:515-24. [PMID: 24652767 PMCID: PMC4007403 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.015263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mouse Genetics Project (MGP) at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute aims to generate and phenotype over 800 genetically modified mouse lines over the next 5 years to gain a better understanding of mammalian gene function and provide an invaluable resource to the scientific community for follow-up studies. Phenotyping includes the generation of a standardized biobank of paraffin-embedded tissues for each mouse line, but histopathology is not routinely performed. In collaboration with the Pathology Core of the Centre for Modeling Human Disease (CMHD) we report the utility of histopathology in a high-throughput primary phenotyping screen. Histopathology was assessed in an unbiased selection of 50 mouse lines with (n=30) or without (n=20) clinical phenotypes detected by the standard MGP primary phenotyping screen. Our findings revealed that histopathology added correlating morphological data in 19 of 30 lines (63.3%) in which the primary screen detected a phenotype. In addition, seven of the 50 lines (14%) presented significant histopathology findings that were not associated with or predicted by the standard primary screen. Three of these seven lines had no clinical phenotype detected by the standard primary screen. Incidental and strain-associated background lesions were present in all mutant lines with good concordance to wild-type controls. These findings demonstrate the complementary and unique contribution of histopathology to high-throughput primary phenotyping of mutant mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hibret A Adissu
- Centre for Modeling Human Disease, Toronto Centre for Phenogenomics, 25 Orde Street, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada
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