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Nazki S, Reddy VRAP, Kamble N, Sadeyen JR, Iqbal M, Behboudi S, Shelton H, Broadbent AJ. CD4 +TGFβ + cells infiltrated the bursa of Fabricius following IBDV infection, and correlated with a delayed viral clearance, but did not correlate with disease severity, or immunosuppression. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1197746. [PMID: 37744374 PMCID: PMC10515216 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1197746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) causes immunosuppression in chickens. While B-cell destruction is the main cause of humoral immunosuppression, bursal T cells from IBDV-infected birds have been reported to inhibit the mitogenic response of splenocytes, indicating that some T cell subsets in the infected bursa have immunomodulatory activities. CD4+CD25+TGFβ+ cells have been recently described in chickens that have immunoregulatory properties and play a role in the pathogenesis of Marek's Disease Virus. Methods To evaluate if CD4+CD25+TGFβ+ cells infiltrated the bursa of Fabricius (BF) following IBDV infection, and influenced the outcome of infection, birds were inoculated at either 2 days or 2 weeks of age with vaccine strain (228E), classic field strain (F52/70), or PBS (mock), and bursal cell populations were quantified by flow cytometry. Results Both 228E and F52/70 led to atrophy of the BF, a significant reduction of Bu1+-B cells, and a significant increase in CD4+ and CD8α+ T cells in the BF, but only F52/70 caused suppression of immune responses to a test antigen in younger birds, and clinical signs in older birds. Virus was cleared from the BF more rapidly in younger birds than older birds. An infiltration of CD4+CD25+T cells into the BF, and elevated expression of bursal TGFβ-1+ mRNA was observed at all time points following infection, irrespective of the strain or age of the birds, but CD4+TGFβ+cells and CD4+CD25+TGFβ+ cells only appeared in the BF at 28 dpi in younger birds. In older birds, CD4+TGFβ+ cells and CD4+CD25+TGFβ+ cells were present at earlier time points, from 7dpi following 228E infection, and from 14 and 28 dpi following F52/70 infection, respectively. Discussion Our data suggest that an earlier infiltration of CD4+TGFβ+ cells into the BF correlated with a delayed clearance of virus. However, the influx of CD4+TGFβ+ cells and CD4+CD25+TGFβ+ into the BF did not correlate with increased pathogenicity, or immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salik Nazki
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Munir Iqbal
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom
| | - Shahriar Behboudi
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Disease, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrew J. Broadbent
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
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2
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Kojima K, Chambers JK, Mizuno T, Uchida K. Nodal T-zone lymphoma and T-zone hyperplasia in dogs. Vet Pathol 2022; 59:733-739. [DOI: 10.1177/03009858221102599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
T-zone lymphoma (TZL) is an indolent, nodal lymphoma that has been clinically characterized in detail in dogs, and T-zone hyperplasia (TZH) is a hyperplastic change in lymph nodes associated with antigen processing. In some cases, histopathological features of TZL and TZH are similar, and are difficult to differentiate by morphology alone. Since there have been few publications characterizing their immunohistochemical profiles, histological, immunohistochemical, and clonality examinations were performed using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of canine lymph nodes with TZL (14 cases) and canine lymph nodes with TZH associated with nonlymphocytic tumors (10 cases). Immunohistochemically, small- to medium-sized lymphocytes of TZL were immunopositive for CD3, CD5, and HLA-DR, and negative for CD45, FOXP3, and granzyme B (GRB) in all cases. Among these 14 cases, 11 were immunopositive for CD8 and 1 was CD20 positive. Paracortical lymphocytes in TZH were diffusely immunopositive for CD3, CD5, and CD45, with scattered immunopositivity for CD8, HLA-DR, FOXP3, and GRB, and negative for CD20 in all cases. A clonal TCR gene rearrangement was detected in 13/14 TZL and none of the TZH cases. The present study revealed that TZL is a clonal proliferation of monomorphic CD8+CD45-GRB- T cells, while TZH consists of an immunophenotypically heterogenous population of CD45+ T cells that are variably positive for CD8 and FOXP3. These results suggest that canine TZL is a clonal proliferation of naïve or premature cytotoxic T cells. Regarding TZH, variable immunopositivity for cytotoxic and regulatory T-cell antigens may reflect immune responses to a variety of regional neoplastic lesions.
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3
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Muscatello LV, Avallone G, Brunetti B, Bacci B, Foschini MP, Sarli G. Standardized approach for evaluating tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in canine mammary carcinoma: Spatial distribution and score as relevant features of tumor malignancy. Vet J 2022; 283-284:105833. [PMID: 35489672 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2022.105833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Neoplastic cells, through immunoediting mechanisms, can establish a state of immunosuppression to evade host immune defenses. The aims of this study were: (1) to validate a standard method for assessing tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in canine mammary carcinoma by applying international human breast cancer guidelines; (2) to investigate if the TIL population was composed of a subset of regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs); and (3) to evaluate the relationship between the number of TILs and Tregs and the biological behavior of the tumors. One hundred and twenty-nine canine mammary tumors were retrospectively selected for this study. Histological diagnosis, grading and histological evaluation of TILs was performed on hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections. TILs were evaluated using a three-tier semiquantitative method, previously validated in human medicine, based on the percentage of TILs (0-10%, 11-40% and 41-90%). Lymphocyte immunophenotype was confirmed by CD3 and CD79, while an anti-FoxP3 antibody was used to determine the presence of Tregs. The number of stromal TILs and invasive front TILs significantly correlated with each other (P<0.0001) and increased with increasing histological grade (P=0.002 and P=0.004, respectively). A subset of TILs was composed of FOXP3+ Tregs. Stromal Tregs and invasive front Tregs were associated with stromal TILs and invasive front TILs (P=0.03; P=0.01 and P=0.003; P=0.007, respectively). In conclusion, in canine mammary carcinomas, an increased number of stromal and invasive front TILs is associated with increased malignancy and significant increase of Tregs that could lead to immunosuppression and evasion of the host immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- L V Muscatello
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - G Avallone
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - B Brunetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy.
| | - B Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - M P Foschini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, via Altura 3, 40139, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Sarli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
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4
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Burkhardt NB, Elleder D, Schusser B, Krchlíková V, Göbel TW, Härtle S, Kaspers B. The Discovery of Chicken Foxp3 Demands Redefinition of Avian Regulatory T Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:1128-1138. [PMID: 35173035 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Since the publication of the first chicken genome sequence, we have encountered genes playing key roles in mammalian immunology, but being seemingly absent in birds. One of those was, until recently, Foxp3, the master transcription factor of regulatory T cells in mammals. Therefore, avian regulatory T cell research is still poorly standardized. In this study we identify a chicken ortholog of Foxp3 We prove sequence homology with known mammalian and sauropsid sequences, but also reveal differences in major domains. Expression profiling shows an association of Foxp3 and CD25 expression levels in CD4+CD25+ peripheral T cells and identifies a CD4-CD25+Foxp3high subset of thymic lymphocytes that likely represents yet undescribed avian regulatory T precursor cells. We conclude that Foxp3 is existent in chickens and that it shares certain functional characteristics with its mammalian ortholog. Nevertheless, pathways for regulatory T cell development and Foxp3 function are likely to differ between mammals and birds. The identification and characterization of chicken Foxp3 will help to define avian regulatory T cells and to analyze their functional properties and thereby advance the field of avian immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina B Burkhardt
- Department for Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Elleder
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic; and
| | - Benjamin Schusser
- Reproductive Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Veronika Krchlíková
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic; and
| | - Thomas W Göbel
- Department for Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sonja Härtle
- Department for Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernd Kaspers
- Department for Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany;
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5
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Th17 cell-mediated immune response in a subpopulation of dogs with idiopathic epilepsy. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262285. [PMID: 35025939 PMCID: PMC8757915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine idiopathic epilepsy (IE) is a common neurological disease with severe impact on the owner´s and the dog's quality of life. A subpopulation of dogs with IE does not respond to antiseizure drugs (non-responder). Th17 cells (T helper cells) and their proinflammatory Interleukin-17 (IL-17) are part of the immune system and previous studies showed their involvement in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases. Non-responder might have an abnormal immune response against structures of the central nervous system. To discover a new aetiology of canine IE and thereby optimising the therapy of intractable IE, this prospective study aimed to investigate Th17 cells and IL-17 in dogs with IE. The underlying hypothesis was that in some dogs with IE a Th17 cell-mediated immune response could be detectable. METHODS 57 dogs with IE and 10 healthy dogs (control group, C) were enrolled in the study. EDTA blood was taken to measure Th17 cells by flow cytometry. IL-17 was measured in 35 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and 33 serum samples using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). It was investigated whether there was a significant increase of stimulated Th17 cells in blood samples or of IL-17 in serum and CSF samples of dogs with IE in comparison to C. Correlations between the amount of Th17 cells/μL or IL-17 and different clinical parameters e.g. seizure frequency, seizure type, seizure severity or treatment response were evaluated. Additionally, Th17 cells/μL were randomly controlled of 17 dogs with IE and were examined for changes over time and in relation to treatment response. RESULTS Ten dogs with IE had strongly elevated stimulated Th17 cells/μL within the blood (>100 Th17 cells/μL). A slight positive correlation between stimulated Th17 cells/μL and seizure severity (p = 0.046; rSpear = 0.27) was proven in these dogs. In addition, 4/10 dogs with elevated Th17 levels experienced cluster seizures and status epilepticus in comparison to 9% of the dogs with non-elevated Th17 levels (<100 Th17 cells/μL). Dogs with IE had significantly higher IL-17 values in CSF and serum samples compared to C (p<0.001; p<0.002; respectively). CONCLUSION In single dogs with IE, strongly increased amounts of Th17 cells were detectable and dogs with elevated Th17 cells seemed to have a greater risk for experiencing a combination of cluster seizures and status epilepticus. Therefore, an underlying Th17-cell mediated immune response was suspected and hence anti-inflammatory drugs could be indicated in these single cases with intractable epilepsy.
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Celis-Giraldo CT, López-Abán J, Muro A, Patarroyo MA, Manzano-Román R. Nanovaccines against Animal Pathogens: The Latest Findings. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9090988. [PMID: 34579225 PMCID: PMC8472905 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9090988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, safe and efficacious vaccines represent powerful and cost-effective tools for global health and economic growth. In the veterinary field, these are undoubtedly key tools for improving productivity and fighting zoonoses. However, cases of persistent infections, rapidly evolving pathogens having high variability or emerging/re-emerging pathogens for which no effective vaccines have been developed point out the continuing need for new vaccine alternatives to control outbreaks. Most licensed vaccines have been successfully used for many years now; however, they have intrinsic limitations, such as variable efficacy, adverse effects, and some shortcomings. More effective adjuvants and novel delivery systems may foster real vaccine effectiveness and timely implementation. Emerging vaccine technologies involving nanoparticles such as self-assembling proteins, virus-like particles, liposomes, virosomes, and polymeric nanoparticles offer novel, safe, and high-potential approaches to address many vaccine development-related challenges. Nanotechnology is accelerating the evolution of vaccines because nanomaterials having encapsulation ability and very advantageous properties due to their size and surface area serve as effective vehicles for antigen delivery and immunostimulatory agents. This review discusses the requirements for an effective, broad-coverage-elicited immune response, the main nanoplatforms for producing it, and the latest nanovaccine applications for fighting animal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Teresa Celis-Giraldo
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá 111321, Colombia;
- Animal Science Faculty, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (U.D.C.A), Bogotá 111166, Colombia
| | - Julio López-Abán
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca-Research Center for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.L.-A.); (A.M.)
| | - Antonio Muro
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca-Research Center for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.L.-A.); (A.M.)
| | - Manuel Alfonso Patarroyo
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá 111321, Colombia;
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
- Health Sciences Division, Main Campus, Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
- Correspondence: (M.A.P.); (R.M.-R.)
| | - Raúl Manzano-Román
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca-Research Center for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.L.-A.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.P.); (R.M.-R.)
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7
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Yousuf S, Atif F, Espinosa-Garcia C, Harris W, Turan N, Stein DG. Stroke-Induced Peripheral Immune Dysfunction in Vitamin D-Deficient Conditions: Modulation by Progesterone and Vitamin D. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:950-963. [PMID: 33063282 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02129-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency (Ddef) alters morphology and outcomes after a stroke. We investigated the interaction of Ddef following post-stroke systemic inflammation and evaluated whether administration of progesterone (P) or vitamin D (D) will improve outcomes. Ddef rats underwent stroke with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic inflammation. Rats were randomly divided into 9 groups and treated with P, D, or vehicle for 4 days. At day 4, rats were tested on different behavioral parameters. Markers of neuronal inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, white matter integrity, and apoptosis were measured along with immune cell populations from the spleen, thymus, and blood. Severely altered outcomes were observed in the Ddef group compared to the D-sufficient (Dsuf) group. Stroke caused peripheral immune dysfunction in the Dsuf group which was worse in the Ddef group. Systemic inflammation exacerbated injury outcomes in the Dsuf group and these were worse in the Ddef group. Monotherapy with P/D showed beneficial functional effects but the combined treatment showed better outcomes than either alone. Ddef as a comorbid condition with stroke worsens stroke outcomes and can delay functional recovery. Combination treatment with P and D might be promising for future stroke therapeutics in Ddef.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Yousuf
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brain Research Laboratory, Emory University, 615 Michael Street, Room 655A, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Fahim Atif
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brain Research Laboratory, Emory University, 615 Michael Street, Room 655A, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | | | - Wayne Harris
- School of Medicine, Department of Hematology-Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Nefize Turan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 0211, USA
| | - Donald G Stein
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brain Research Laboratory, Emory University, 615 Michael Street, Room 655A, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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Abstract
Postpartum uterine diseases are common in dairy cows and are a great concern for the dairy industry as they are associated with various consequences, including lower fertility, lower milk yield, and an overall negative impact on the host health. An infected uterus is a source of bacterial compounds and cytokines that spill into the systemic circulation, spreading inflammation to other organs. In this review article, we discuss a short overview of the anatomy of the reproductive tract of dairy cows and several infectious diseases of the uterus including metritis, endometritis, and pyometra. Additionally, we discuss the microbiome of the reproductive tract in health and during uterine diseases. As well, diagnostic criteria for metritis and endometritis and contributing factors for increased susceptibility to metritis infection are important topics of this review. To better understand how the uterus and reproductive tract respond to bacterial pathogens, a section of this review is dedicated to immunity of the reproductive tract. Both the innate and adaptive immunity systems are also discussed. We conclude the review with a factual discussion about the current treatments of uterine diseases and the new developments in the area of application of probiotics for uterine health. Mechanisms of actions of probiotics are discussed in detail and also some applications to prevent uterine infections in dairy cows are discussed.
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9
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Maeda S, Yoshitake R, Chambers JK, Uchida K, Eto S, Ikeda N, Nakagawa T, Nishimura R, Goto-Koshino Y, Yonezawa T, Momoi Y. BRAF V595E Mutation Associates CCL17 Expression and Regulatory T Cell Recruitment in Urothelial Carcinoma of Dogs. Vet Pathol 2020; 58:971-980. [PMID: 33205710 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820967449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells may serve as targets in cancer immunotherapy. A previous study showed that the chemokine CCL17 and the receptor CCR4 play roles in regulatory T cell recruitment in canine urothelial carcinoma. In this article, we show that the BRAFV595E mutation is associated with tumor-produced CCL17 and regulatory T cell infiltration in dogs with urothelial carcinoma. In comparison with healthy dogs, dogs with urothelial carcinoma showed increased CCL17 mRNA expression in the bladder and elevated CCL17 protein concentration in urine. Immunohistochemistry showed increased levels of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in the tumor tissues of urothelial carcinoma. The density of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells was positively correlated with CCL17 concentration in urine, indicating that CCL17 is involved in regulatory T cell recruitment. Moreover, tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells and urine CCL17 concentration were associated with poor prognosis in dogs with urothelial carcinoma. The number of tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells, CCL17 mRNA expression, and urine CCL17 concentration in cases with BRAFV595E mutation were higher than those in cases with wild-type BRAF. In vitro, high CCL17 production was detected in a canine urothelial carcinoma cell line with BRAFV595E mutation but not in an urothelial carcinoma cell line with wild-type BRAF. Dabrafenib, a BRAF inhibitor, decreased CCL17 production in the cell line with BRAFV595E mutation. These results suggest that BRAFV595E mutation induced CCL17 production and contributed to regulatory T cell recruitment in canine urothelial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, 13143The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryohei Yoshitake
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, 13143The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - James K Chambers
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, 13143The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, 13143The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shotaro Eto
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, 13143The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Namiko Ikeda
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, 13143The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, 13143The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryohei Nishimura
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, 13143The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Goto-Koshino
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Veterinary Medical Center, 13143The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yonezawa
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, 13143The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Momoi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, 13143The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Pi Castro D, José-López R, Fernández Flores F, Rabanal Prados RM, Mandara MT, Arús C, Pumarola Batlle M. Expression of FOXP3 in Canine Gliomas: Immunohistochemical Study of Tumor-Infiltrating Regulatory Lymphocytes. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2020; 79:184-193. [PMID: 31846038 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlz120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dogs develop gliomas with similar histopathological features to human gliomas and share with them the limited success of current therapeutic regimens such as surgery and radiation. The tumor microenvironment in gliomas is influenced by immune cell infiltrates. The present study aims to immunohistochemically characterize the tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) population of naturally occurring canine gliomas, focusing on the expression of Forkhead box P3-positive (FOXP3+) regulatory T-cells (Tregs). Forty-three canine gliomas were evaluated immunohistochemically for the presence of CD3+, FOXP3+, and CD20+ TILs. In low-grade gliomas, CD3+ TILs were found exclusively within the tumor tissue. In high-grade gliomas, they were present in significantly higher numbers throughout the tumor and in the brain-tumor junction. CD20+ TILs were rarely found in comparison to CD3+ TILs. FOXP3+ TILs shared a similar distribution with CD3+ TILs. The accumulation of FOXP3+ Tregs within the tumor was more pronounced in astrocytic gliomas than in tumors of oligodendroglial lineage and the difference in expression was significant when comparing low-grade oligodendrogliomas and high-grade astrocytomas. Only high-grade astrocytomas presented FOXP3+ cells with tumoral morphology. In spontaneous canine gliomas, TILs display similar characteristics (density and distribution) as described for human gliomas, supporting the use of the dog as an animal model for translational immunotherapeutic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolors Pi Castro
- From the Unit of Murine and Comparative Pathology (UPMiC), Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberto José-López
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Francisco Fernández Flores
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Rosa M Rabanal Prados
- From the Unit of Murine and Comparative Pathology (UPMiC), Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Carles Arús
- From the Unit of Murine and Comparative Pathology (UPMiC), Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martí Pumarola Batlle
- From the Unit of Murine and Comparative Pathology (UPMiC), Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Caffi V, Espinosa G, Gajardo G, Morales N, Durán MC, Uberti B, Morán G, Plaza A, Henríquez C. Pre-conditioning of Equine Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Increases Their Immunomodulatory Capacity. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:318. [PMID: 32656251 PMCID: PMC7325884 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are increasingly explored for the treatment of degenerative and inflammatory diseases in human and veterinary medicine. One of the key characteristics of MSCs is that they modulate inflammation mainly through the secretion of soluble mediators. However, despite widespread clinical use, knowledge regarding the effector mechanisms of equine MSCs, and consequently their effectiveness in the treatment of diseases, is still unknown. The objectives of this study were to determine the mechanisms underlying inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation by equine bone marrow-derived MSCs, and to evaluate the effect of pre-conditioning of equine MSCs with different pro-inflammatory cytokines on inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation. We determined that inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation by equine MSCs depends on activity of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Additionally, pre-conditioning of MSCs with TNF-α, IFN-γ or their combination significantly increased the expression of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, iNOS and IL-6. This upregulation correlated with an increased inhibitory effect of MSCs on lymphocyte proliferation. In conclusion, pre-conditioning of bone marrow-derived MSC increases their inhibitory effect on lymphocyte proliferation in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Caffi
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Gabriel Espinosa
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Gajardo
- Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Natalia Morales
- Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - María Carolina Durán
- Instituto de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Benjamín Uberti
- Instituto de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Gabriel Morán
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Anita Plaza
- Instituto de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Claudio Henríquez
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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12
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Wei Y, Yu K, Wei H, Su X, Zhu R, Shi H, Sun H, Luo Q, Xu W, Xiao J, Zhong Y, Zeng Q. CD4 + CD25 + GARP + regulatory T cells display a compromised suppressive function in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Immunology 2017; 151:291-303. [PMID: 28207945 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a lethal inflammatory heart disease and closely connected with dysfunction of the immune system. Glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP) expressed on activated CD4+ T cells with suppressive activity has been established. This study aimed to investigate the frequency and function of circulating CD4+ CD25+ GARP+ regulatory T (Treg) cells in DCM. Forty-five DCM patients and 46 controls were enrolled in this study. There was a significant increase in peripheral T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th17 number and their related cytokines [interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL-17)], and an obvious decrease in Treg number, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1 ) levels and the expression of forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) and GARP in patients with DCM compared with controls. In addition, the suppressive function of CD4+ CD25+ GARP+ Treg cells was impaired in DCM patients upon T-cell receptor stimulation detected using CFSE dye. Lower level of TGF-β1 and higher levels of IFN-γ and IL-17 detected using ELISA were found in supernatants of the cultured CD4+ CD25+ GARP+ Treg cells in DCM patients compared with controls. Together, our results indicate that CD4+ CD25+ GARP+ Treg cells are defective in DCM patients and GARP seems to be a better molecular definition of the regulatory phenotype. Therefore, it might be an attractive stategy to pay more attention to GARP in DCM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Wei
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, TongJi Medical College, Huahzong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kunwu Yu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, TongJi Medical College, Huahzong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Wei
- The First Peoples Hospital of Tianmen City, Tianmen, China
| | - Xin Su
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, TongJi Medical College, Huahzong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruirui Zhu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, TongJi Medical College, Huahzong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huairui Shi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, TongJi Medical College, Huahzong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haitao Sun
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, TongJi Medical College, Huahzong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Quan Luo
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, TongJi Medical College, Huahzong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenbin Xu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, TongJi Medical College, Huahzong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junhui Xiao
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, TongJi Medical College, Huahzong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yucheng Zhong
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, TongJi Medical College, Huahzong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiutang Zeng
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, TongJi Medical College, Huahzong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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13
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Marcinowska A, Constantino-Casas F, Williams T, Hoather T, Blacklaws B, Dobson J. T Lymphocytes in Histiocytic Sarcomas of Flat-Coated Retriever Dogs. Vet Pathol 2017; 54:605-610. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985817690208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Flat-Coated Retriever dogs are predisposed to the development of histiocytic sarcoma (HS), a poorly differentiated, highly malignant neoplasm. The authors have previously documented a significant lymphocytic infiltrate in such tumors. The objective of this study was to examine the presence and expression of regulatory T cells in HS tumor samples. Forty tumors were included in this study. All tumors were immunolabeled for CD3, CD79a, CD25, CD45RA, and FOXP3. The proportion of positive cells was compared between tumors presenting as a localized primary soft tissue mass (soft tissue origin HS) and disseminated HS affecting viscera, especially the spleen (splenic origin HS). By immunohistochemistry, 95% of infiltrating T cells were positive for Foxp3 in all sections, suggesting the presence of regulatory T cells. The proportion of cells positive for FOXP3 was higher in the tumors arising in soft tissues, whereas the proportion of CD45RA-positive cells was higher in the splenic origin HS. Canine HS has an aggressive clinical behavior and is uniformly fatal. The difference in the proportion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes positive for these 2 markers in the 2 locations may represent differences in tumor microenvironment between the 2 sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Marcinowska
- The Queen’s Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - T. Williams
- The Queen’s Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - T. Hoather
- The Queen’s Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - B. Blacklaws
- The Queen’s Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J. Dobson
- The Queen’s Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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14
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Anderson JG, Peralta S, Kol A, Kass PH, Murphy B. Clinical and Histopathologic Characterization of Canine Chronic Ulcerative Stomatitis. Vet Pathol 2017; 54:511-519. [PMID: 28113036 DOI: 10.1177/0300985816688754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Canine chronic ulcerative stomatitis, also known as chronic ulcerative paradental stomatitis, is a painful condition of the oral cavity. The purpose of this study was to determine if there are commonalities in clinical and radiographic features among patients, whether the histopathologic evaluation might inform the pathogenesis, and whether the condition appears similar to human oral mucosal diseases. To do this, we prospectively collected clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic data from 20 dogs diagnosed with the disease. Clinical data were based on a clinical disease activity index, oral and periodontal examination parameters, and full-mouth dental radiographs. The histopathological and immunohistochemical data were based on oral mucosal samples obtained from erosive or ulcerated areas. Our findings revealed that canine chronic stomatitis is clinically characterized by painful oral mucosal ulcers of varying size, pattern, appearance, and distribution, most often associated with teeth with early periodontitis. Histologic examination revealed a subepithelial lichenoid band (interface mucositis) where B cells, T cells, and Forkhead-box protein 3 (FoxP3)- and interleukin-17-expressing cells were present. These cells might play a role in the underlying immune response and an immune-mediated pathogenesis is suspected. The clinical and histopathologic features of this chronic inflammatory mucosal disease in dogs resemble those of oral lichen planus in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Anderson
- 1 Sacramento Veterinary Dental Services, Rancho Cordova, CA, USA
| | - S Peralta
- 2 Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - A Kol
- 3 Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - P H Kass
- 4 Department of Analytic Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - B Murphy
- 3 Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
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