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May JL, Garcia-Mora J, Edwards M, Rossmeisl JH. An Illustrated Scoping Review of the Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics of Canine and Feline Brain Tumors. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1044. [PMID: 38612283 PMCID: PMC11010916 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used pervasively in veterinary practice for the antemortem diagnosis of intracranial tumors. Here, we provide an illustrated summary of the published MRI features of primary and secondary intracranial tumors of dogs and cats, following PRISMA scoping review guidelines. The PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant records, and input from stakeholders was solicited to select data for extraction. Sixty-seven studies of moderate to low-level evidence quality describing the MRI features of pathologically confirmed canine and feline brain tumors met inclusion criteria. Considerable variability in data inclusion and reporting, as well as low case numbers, prohibited comparative data analyses. Available data support a holistic MRI approach incorporating lesion number, location within the brain, shape, intrinsic signal appearances on multiparametric sequences, patterns of contrast enhancement, and associated secondary changes in the brain to prioritize differential imaging diagnoses, and often allows for accurate presumptive diagnosis of common intracranial tumors. Quantitative MRI techniques show promise for improving discrimination of neoplastic from non-neoplastic brain lesions, as well as differentiating brain tumor types and grades, but sample size limitations will likely remain a significant practical obstacle to the design of robustly powered radiomic studies. For many brain tumor variants, particularly in cats, there remains a need for standardized studies that correlate clinicopathologic and neuroimaging data.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L. May
- Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (J.L.M.); (J.G.-M.)
| | - Josefa Garcia-Mora
- Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (J.L.M.); (J.G.-M.)
| | - Michael Edwards
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
| | - John H. Rossmeisl
- Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (J.L.M.); (J.G.-M.)
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2
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Furtado AP, DeCourcey M, Miller MA, Chen AV, Martin LG, Guess SC, Wardrop KJ, de Souza C, Owen TJ. Cytologic features of canine melanotroph and corticotroph pituitary adenomas. Vet Clin Pathol 2024; 53:99-103. [PMID: 38238980 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The introduction of intraoperative cytology revolutionized neurosurgical procedures in human medicine, providing real-time diagnostic guidance to surgeons and contributing to improved patient outcomes. In the realm of veterinary medicine, the understanding of pituitary tumors in dogs and cats remains limited due to challenges in obtaining antemortem samples of central nervous system lesions. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to describe the cytologic features of pituitary adenomas in 12 dogs that underwent hypophysectomy. METHODS The series included nine melanotroph adenomas and three corticotroph adenomas. Definitive diagnosis was based on histopathology and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Cytologically, the adenomas had high numbers of bare nuclei and intact cells that were round to polygonal and situated individually or in small clusters. The intact cells had round to oval, eccentric nuclei with finely stippled chromatin and one to three prominent nucleoli and ample to abundant lightly basophilic to amphophilic, grainy cytoplasm with distinct borders, and variable numbers of discrete vacuoles. Mild-to-moderate anisocytosis and anisokaryosis, occasional binucleation, rare and atypical mitotic figures, and nuclear molding were also observed. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that intraoperative cytology of canine pituitary adenomas holds promise as a valuable diagnostic tool, aiding swift differentiation from other sellar masses before histologic confirmation. Cytologic characterization of pituitary adenomas in dogs is exceptionally rare in the scientific literature, making this study one of the first to offer a comprehensive description of these cytologic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana P Furtado
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Michelle DeCourcey
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Margaret A Miller
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Annie V Chen
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Linda G Martin
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Sarah C Guess
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - K Jane Wardrop
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Cleverson de Souza
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic and Population Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Tina J Owen
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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Massie AM, Skorupski K, Vernau W, McLarty E, Brady RV, Vernau KM. Large T-cell extradural lymphoma with concurrent marked cerebrospinal fluid eosinophilia in a dog. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:2492-2497. [PMID: 37849352 PMCID: PMC10658537 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A 3-year-old male pit bull terrier was presented for a 4-day history of progressive tetraparesis and cervical pain. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed an extradural mass within the left lateral vertebral canal extending from caudal C5 to mid-T2. Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) demonstrated marked (90%) eosinophilic inflammation. A C6-7 dorsal laminectomy and C7-T2 left hemilaminectomy were done, with gross disease remaining. Histopathology revealed a large T cell lymphoma with marked eosinophilic infiltration. The dog underwent CHOP-based chemotherapy with resolution of clinical signs, with a similar course of therapy performed at recurrence 37 months after initial presentation. The dog was euthanized 39 months after presentation for multiorgan failure secondary to neutropenic sepsis and aspiration pneumonia. This represents a positive long-term response to multimodal treatment of extradural T-cell lymphoma within the vertebral canal associated with a marked CSF eosinophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Massie
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Katherine Skorupski
- Department of Surgical and Radiological SciencesUniversity of California School of Veterinary MedicineDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - William Vernau
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of California School of Veterinary MedicineDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ehren McLarty
- Department of Surgical and Radiological SciencesUniversity of California School of Veterinary MedicineDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Rachel V. Brady
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate ProgramColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Karen M. Vernau
- Department of Surgical and Radiological SciencesUniversity of California School of Veterinary MedicineDavisCaliforniaUSA
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Mizutani Y, Inoue Y, Goda Y, Mizutani S, Asanuma T, Miura N, Hidaka Y, Sato R, Satoh H. Successful Treatment of Central Nervous System Lymphoma with Combination Therapy of Nimustine and Prednisolone in Two Dogs. Vet Sci 2023; 10:533. [PMID: 37756055 PMCID: PMC10538104 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10090533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Of intracranial tumors, primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is rare in dogs. Herein, we describe our experience with two dogs (a 3-year-old intact female toy poodle and a 5-year-old spayed female toy poodle) that developed neurological symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed intracranial disseminated lesions. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination revealed pleocytosis and B-cell monoclonal proliferation in both cases. PCNSL or secondary central nervous system lymphoma (SCNSL) was diagnosed on the basis of MRI findings and CSF examinations. Nimustine (ACNU) is a nitrosourea alkylating agent, a class of drugs that includes lomustine. Nimustine is mainly used to treat human intracranial neoplasia because of its high permeability across the blood-brain barrier. The dogs in this study were treated with combined chemotherapy comprising nimustine and prednisolone, which achieved complete or nearly complete remission of neurological symptoms and long-term survival (>2583 days and 1218 days), but with problematic adverse effects. We determined that the dose of nimustine for canine PCNSL or SCNSL with intravenous infusion was 25-30 mg/m2 every 3-4 weeks for a total of four times; however, the data were insufficient to determine the optimal regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Mizutani
- Faculty of Agriculture, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki-shi 889-2192, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Inoue
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki-shi 889-2192, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yoshimichi Goda
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki-shi 889-2192, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Shinya Mizutani
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoinooka, Imabari 794-8555, Ehime, Japan
| | - Taketoshi Asanuma
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoinooka, Imabari 794-8555, Ehime, Japan
| | - Naoki Miura
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hidaka
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki-shi 889-2192, Miyazaki, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki-shi 889-2192, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Reiichiro Sato
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki-shi 889-2192, Miyazaki, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki-shi 889-2192, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Satoh
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki-shi 889-2192, Miyazaki, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki-shi 889-2192, Miyazaki, Japan
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Mota-Rojas D, Domínguez-Oliva A, Martínez-Burnes J, Casas-Alvarado A, Hernández-Ávalos I. Euthanasia and Pain in Canine Patients with Terminal and Chronic-Degenerative Diseases: Ethical and Legal Aspects. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13071265. [PMID: 37048521 PMCID: PMC10093422 DOI: 10.3390/ani13071265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Euthanasia is commonly performed in veterinary medicine to humanely induce the death of an animal when its quality of life is affected by pain or chronic degenerative diseases. The choice of euthanasia is a bilateral decision that represents a challenge for both the veterinarian and the owner of the animal due to the close emotional human-animal bond. Currently, there is legislation that can orient veterinarians concerning euthanasia and the causes that would justify this resolution. However, it is still controversial, and deciding it as the last available resort requires considering it from a medical, legal, and moral perspective. Therefore, this review aims to explore the ethical and legal implications of euthanasia in canine patients. It will analyze the reason that can justify euthanasia in animals with pain or terminal and chronic degenerative diseases, highlighting the importance of effective communication, ethical knowledge, and consideration of euthanasia as a multimodal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mota-Rojas
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Adriana Domínguez-Oliva
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Julio Martínez-Burnes
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Victoria City 87000, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Casas-Alvarado
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Ismael Hernández-Ávalos
- Clinical Pharmacology and Veterinary Anesthesia, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuautitlán 54714, Mexico
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6
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van Koulil Q, Santifort KM, Beukers M, Ioannidis M, Van Soens I. Neurolymphomatosis in a cat with diffuse neuromuscular signs including cranial nerve involvement. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quinten van Koulil
- Evidensia Small Animal Hospital ‘Hart van Brabant’ Waalwijk The Netherlands
| | - Koen M. Santifort
- Evidensia Small Animal Hospital ‘Hart van Brabant’ Waalwijk The Netherlands
- Evidensia Small Animal Hospital Arnhem Arnhem The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Beukers
- Evidensia Small Animal Hospital ‘Hart van Brabant’ Waalwijk The Netherlands
| | - Marianthi Ioannidis
- Veterinary Pathology Diagnostic Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Iris Van Soens
- Evidensia Small Animal Hospital ‘Hart van Brabant’ Waalwijk The Netherlands
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7
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Mandara MT, Domini A, Giglia G. Feline lymphoma of the nervous system. Immunophenotype and anatomical patterns in 24 cases. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:959466. [PMID: 36157173 PMCID: PMC9493125 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.959466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to describe the specific localization and anatomical pattern of 24 feline lymphomas of the nervous system for which the immunophenotype was identified by immunohistochemistry investigations to support the potential specific correlation between subtypes and anatomical patterns. In total 10 tumors affected the spinal cord, eight the brain, four the peripheral nerves, one involved both the brain and the spinal cord, and one simultaneously the brain and the optic nerves. Twenty two tumors were primary lymphomas. The affected animals were 8 years of mean age. Tumors developed as an extra-axial mass (11 cases), intra-axial mass (six cases), leptomeningeal lymphomatosis (three cases), and neurolymphomatosis (five cases). One of them expressed both leptomeningeal lymphomatosis and neurolymphomatosis patterns. Two intra-axial brain lymphomas showed an angiotropic pattern. The optic chiasm was the most involved site for neurolymphomatosis. Immunolabeling was performed using anti-CD3, CD20, CD79a, PAX5, MUM-1, CD56, and anti-CD44 antibodies. In total, 12 tumors consisted of B cell lymphomas, and six of T cell lymphomas, two cases were double-reactive lymphomas while two cases consisted of non-B non-T lymphomas. B cell lymphoma affected animals of 6.4 years of mean age, while the T cell lymphoma affected older animals (mean age of 11.1 years). Extra-axial tumors mainly consisted of B cell lymphomas (8/11). Neurolymphomatosis expressed different immunophenotypes, and the B cell phenotype was the most prevalent in the optic chiasm. Two leptomeningeal lymphomatoses expressed T cell immunophenotype. For the first time, plasmacytoid differentiation was found for angiotropic lymphoma and neurolymphomatosis. All the cases, except one, were CD56-negative. CD44-expression confirmed a common malignant potential for all the anatomical patterns of the nervous system lymphoma in cats. Immunophenotype of feline lymphoma of the nervous system and its potential association with specific anatomical patterns should be strongly required in the diagnostic workup and clinical approach to this tumor especially when its primary origin is confirmed.
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8
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Díaz-Delgado J, Templeton A, Ferro PJ, Cirqueira C, Groch K, Gomez G, Buchanan A. Presumptive Primary Cerebral T-Cell Lymphoma in a White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus). J Comp Pathol 2021; 184:77-83. [PMID: 33894883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphomas are rare in humans and even more uncommon in animals. We report the clinical, pathological and immunohistochemical features of a presumptive primary cerebral T-cell lymphoma (PCTCL) in an aged female white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) that had chronic progressive neurological disease characterized by ataxia, claudication and eventual circling. The animal was euthanized due to poor prognosis. Grossly, a 2.5 cm dark red, friable nodule effaced the cortical neuroparenchyma of the left anterior cingulate cortex (LACC). Microscopically, the meningeal vasculature and adjacent grey and white matter cortical neuroparenchyma of the LACC were infiltrated by a poorly demarcated, unencapsulated and densely cellular round cell neoplasm with a consistent angiocentric pattern. The neoplasm was associated with extensive regions of haemorrhage and liquefactive necrosis. Neoplastic cells immunolabelled for CD3 antigen and had high proliferative activity, as indicated by Ki-67 labelling. Based on the cytohistomorphological and immunohistochemical features and absence of metastasis, a diagnosis of PCTCL was determined. This case indicates that PCTCL should be considered in the differential diagnosis of neurological disease and intracranial, intra-axial CNS masses in deer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué Díaz-Delgado
- Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College Station, Texas, USA.
| | - Alexis Templeton
- Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Pamela J Ferro
- Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Cinthya Cirqueira
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Centro de Patologia, Pacaembú, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kátia Groch
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Gabriel Gomez
- Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College Station, Texas, USA
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9
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Lampe R, Levitin HA, Hecht S, Vieson MD, Selting KA, Hague DW, Foss KD. MRI of CNS lymphoma with choroid plexus involvement in five dogs and one cat. J Small Anim Pract 2021; 62:690-699. [PMID: 33769594 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the clinical features, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and outcome of dogs and cats with central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma that involved the choroid plexus. MATERIALS AND METHODS A bi-institutional retrospective study of MRI of dogs and cats with CNS lymphoma, in which the choroid plexus was affected on MRI. Signalment, clinical, MRI, clinicopathologic and histopathologic findings were recorded and evaluated. RESULTS CNS lymphoma with choroid plexus involvement on the MRI was identified in five dogs and one cat. MRI revealed diffuse enlargement and multifocal nodularity in the choroid plexus in most cases, with the fourth ventricle the most common site affected. Five of the cases had signs of extraneural involvement (including the cat), while the sixth case was not staged. Four of five CSF samples analysed provided a diagnosis of lymphoma. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE We report MRI findings of CNS lymphoma involving the choroid plexus. These results show the importance of recognising novel imaging patterns and the potential utility of CSF collection in diagnosing CNS lymphoma involving the choroid plexus ante mortem.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lampe
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Urbana, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA
| | - H A Levitin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Urbana, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA
| | - S Hecht
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - M D Vieson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Urbana, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA
| | - K A Selting
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Urbana, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA
| | - D W Hague
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Urbana, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA
| | - K D Foss
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Urbana, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA
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Sakai O, Ii T, Uchida K, Igase M, Mizuno T. Establishment and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibody Against Canine CD8 Alpha. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2020; 39:129-134. [PMID: 32822285 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2020.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding of the microenvironment of cancer plays a crucial role in cancer research. A tool is needed to evaluate the immune cells surrounding the cancer cells. This study establishes and evaluates a novel monoclonal antibody against canine CD8α (cCD8α). The antibody was produced by immunization of rats with cCD8α-expressing cells. After establishment and selection of hybridoma cells, the clone F3-B2 was established. The reactivity of F3-B2 was confirmed using cCD8α-overexpressing murine cells. Flow cytometric analysis also demonstrated that F3-B2 reacts with cCD8α naturally expressed in canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells and a canine T cell lymphoma cell line. The specimens of lymphoid tissue showed immunohistochemical staining for F3-B2. Moreover, we also found that F3-B2 exhibited reactivity against feline CD8. Thus, this antibody provides a good research tool to analyze CD8-positive cytotoxic lymphocytes in canine and feline tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Sakai
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Tatsuhito Ii
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Igase
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Takuya Mizuno
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
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11
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Guillen A, Finotello R, Wynne P, Harper A, Killick D, Amores-Fuster I, Blackwood L. Toxicity of cytarabine constant rate infusion in dogs with high-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma with bone marrow or central nervous system involvement. Aust Vet J 2019; 98:69-78. [PMID: 31769013 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cytarabine, a cell-cycle phase-specific antimetabolite, has been reported to improve outcomes in dogs with bone marrow (BM) or central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma involvement receiving combination chemotherapy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence and severity of toxicity of cytarabine constant rate infusion (CRI) in dogs with high-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma. METHODS Medical records of canine lymphoma patients with confirmed or suspected BM (group 1) or CNS (group 2) involvement, treated with a modified cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, vincristine and prednisolone protocol, including a single dose of cytarabine given as CRI, were reviewed and adverse events graded. RESULTS Twenty-six dogs were included. Gastrointestinal toxicity occurred in 17 dogs (65.3%), with 5 (19.2%) experiencing grade III or IV toxicity. Neutropenia occurred in nine dogs (34.6%), but was grade I or II in most cases. Three dogs (11.5%) had thrombocytopenia: one grade III and two grade IV. Four dogs (15.3%) experienced increases in alanine amino transferase: one each grade I and II and two grade III. Five dogs (19.2%) required hospitalisation to manage toxicity after completing cytarabine CRI, and haematological toxicity resulted in treatment delays in five dogs (median delay of 4 days, range: 3-7 days). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that gastrointestinal toxicity should be expected in lymphoma patients undergoing cytarabine CRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Guillen
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - R Finotello
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - P Wynne
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - A Harper
- Southfields Veterinary Specialists, Southfields, Laindon Essex, SS15 6TP, UK
| | - D Killick
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - I Amores-Fuster
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - L Blackwood
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
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12
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Mello LS, Leite-Filho RV, Panziera W, Bandinelli MB, Sonne L, Driemeier D, Pavarini SP. Feline lymphoma in the nervous system: pathological, immunohistochemical, and etiological aspects in 16 cats. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: The pathological, immunohistochemical (IHC), and etiological features of lymphoma involving the nervous system (NS) in cats were analyzed through a retrospective study (2004-2017) in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The NS involvement was observed in 16 (12.2%) of 125 felines with lymphoma. Young cats were mainly affected, with a median of 24 months old. Most cases were secondary central NS lymphoma, whereas in three cats, the NS involvement was primary. IHC revealed 14 (87.5%) FeLV-positive, six FIV-positive, and one FeLV/FIV-negative cats. Distribution of feline lymphoma in the NS was 8/16 in the spinal cord, 7/16 in the brain, and 1/16 in the paravertebral nerves and ganglia (neurolymphomatosis). The lymphoma pattern in the spinal cord was exclusively extradural, often focal (6/8), and located in the lumbar (3/6), sacral (1/6), thoracic (1/6), and cervical segments (1/6). Brain neuroanatomical patterns were: leptomeningeal lymphomatosis (4/7), lymphomatous choroiditis (2/7), and intradural lymphoma (1/7). The feline with primary neurolymphomatosis presented a marked thickening of paravertebral nerves and ganglia from the sacral region. B-cell lymphoma (75%) was often diagnosed, and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (11/16) was the main subtype. T-cell lymphoma (25%) was less commonly observed and was classified as peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) (3/16) and T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) (1/16).
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Hare CHZ, Archer J, Cloup E, Genain MA, Hughes K, McCallum KE, Alves L. Myoclonus and hypercalcemia in a dog with poorly differentiated lymphoproliferative neoplasia. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 33:856-861. [PMID: 30561032 PMCID: PMC6430899 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A 1‐year, 8‐month‐old Rhodesian Ridgeback was presented with obtundation, ambulatory tetraparesis, and myoclonus. Initial clinical findings included ionized hypercalcemia with an apparent marked increase in parathyroid hormone, thrombocytopenia, and nonregenerative anemia. Low numbers of circulating atypical cells were noted on blood film evaluation. Brain magnetic resonance imaging identified an extra‐axial contrast enhancing subtentorial lesion, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis documented a marked atypical lymphocytic pleocytosis. Flow cytometry performed on the CSF demonstrated expression of only CD45, CD90, and MHC class II, with Pax5 positivity on subsequent immunohistochemistry. The final diagnosis was of B‐cell lymphoblastic lymphoma or acute leukemia, given the distribution of disease and the presence of significant bone marrow infiltration alongside an aggressive clinical course. The unusual immunophenotype of the neoplastic cells and hypercalcemia presented antemortem diagnostic challenges, highlighting the need for a multidisciplinary approach and caution in the interpretation of clinical abnormalities in cases with multiple comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassia H Z Hare
- Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joy Archer
- Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Emilie Cloup
- Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marie-Aude Genain
- Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Hughes
- Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Katie E McCallum
- Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Alves
- Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Sanchez L, Beckmann K, Dominguez E, Di Palma S, Shea A. Recurrent cerebrovascular accidents caused by intravascular lymphoma in a dog. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2018-000667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
An eight-year-old, neutered male labrador was presented with recent recurrent vestibular episodes. MRI was consistent with multiple lacunar ischaemic infarcts in the thalamus and medulla oblongata. The imaging diagnosis was supported by a markedly elevated D-dimer concentration. Despite a comprehensive diagnostic workup (including fine needle cytology of cutaneous and subcutaneous nodules, complete bloodwork, urinalysis, thoracic and abdominal imaging, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, serial blood pressure measurements, echocardiography, electrocardiography and brainstem auditory evoked response testing), no underlying cause was found. After a partial response to 2 mg/kg clopidogrel once a day and 1 mg/kg prednisolone once a day, the dog acutely deteriorated and repeated MRI of the brain revealed an intra-axial haemorrhagic mass. Euthanasia was elected and postmortem examination revealed the presence of an intravascular null-cell lymphoma, exclusively in the central nervous system. Intravascular lymphoma is rare, difficult to diagnose ante-mortem and reports in veterinary literature are few.
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Heck LC, Cony FG, Bianchi MV, Driemeier D, Sonne L, Pavarini SP. Pathological features of 78 metastatic or multicentric neoplasms involving the central nervous system in dogs. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Secondary neoplasms affecting the central nervous system (CNS) may occur through blood flow or direct extension. This condition occurrence has increased both due to a longer life expectancy of dogs, as well as with the employment of chemotherapeutics, which may increase the survival period and, thus, the odds of the occurrence of metastasis. The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological features, such as the age, breed and sex of the animals affected, as well as the gross and microscopic findings of the metastasis from neoplasms involving the CNS of 78 dogs, and, based on the data, estimate the occurrence and frequency of the metastatic or multicentric neoplasms. Females (71.79%) were most affected than males, with an average age of 9.5-years-old and a median of 10-years-old. Most of the cases had a multifocal distribution (73.07%), and epithelial neoplasms (50%) were the most common. Telencephalon was the most affected neuroanatomical region (61.1%). Mammary neoplasms were the most frequent (47.44%), followed by hemangiosarcoma (19.23%), lymphoma (10.26%) and melanoma (6.41%). Less common neoplasms included osteosarcoma, histiocytic sarcoma and lung carcinoma (2.56%). Mammary neoplasms were mainly composed of anaplastic and micropapillary carcinomas, of which only multifocal microscopic lesions were observed.
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LaRue MK, Taylor AR, Back AR, Lindley SE, Boudreaux BL, Almond GT, Shores A, Brawner WR, Smith AN. Central nervous system lymphoma in 18 dogs (2001 to 2015). J Small Anim Pract 2018; 59:547-552. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. K. LaRue
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary MedicineAuburn University; Auburn Alabama 36849 USA
| | - A. R. Taylor
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary MedicineAuburn University; Auburn Alabama 36849 USA
| | - A. R. Back
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary MedicineAuburn University; Auburn Alabama 36849 USA
| | - S. E. Lindley
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary MedicineAuburn University; Auburn Alabama 36849 USA
| | - B. L. Boudreaux
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary MedicineLouisiana State University; Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA
| | - G. T. Almond
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary MedicineAuburn University; Auburn Alabama 36849 USA
| | - A. Shores
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary MedicineMississippi State University; Mississippi State Mississippi 39762 USA
| | - W. R. Brawner
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary MedicineAuburn University; Auburn Alabama 36849 USA
| | - A. N. Smith
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary MedicineAuburn University; Auburn Alabama 36849 USA
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Meichner K. Diagnostic significance of anatomical distribution patterns of nervous systemic lymphoma. Vet J 2016; 218:34-35. [PMID: 27938706 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Meichner
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA..
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