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Guerra Guimarães T, Menezes Cardoso K, Tralhão P, Marto CM, Alexandre N, Botelho MF, Laranjo M. Current Therapeutics and Future Perspectives to Ocular Melanocytic Neoplasms in Dogs and Cats. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:bioengineering8120225. [PMID: 34940378 PMCID: PMC8698280 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8120225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoplasms of melanocytic origin are diseases relevant to dogs and cats' ophthalmic oncology due to their incidence, potential visual loss, and consequent decrease in life quality and expectancy. Despite its non-specific clinical presentation, melanocytic neoplasms can be histologically distinguished in melanocytomas, which present benign characteristics, and malignant melanomas. The diagnosis often occurs in advanced cases, limiting the therapeutic options. Surgery, cryotherapy, radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and laser are currently available therapeutic strategies. As no clinical guidelines are available, the treatment choice is primarily based on the clinician's preference, proficiency, and the owner's financial constraints. While surgery is curative in benign lesions, ocular melanomas present a variable response to treatments, besides the potential of tumour recurrences or metastatic disease. This review presents the currently available therapies for ocular melanocytic neoplasms in dogs and cats, describing the therapeutic, indications, and limitations. Additionally, new therapeutics being developed are presented and discussed, as they can improve the current treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarcísio Guerra Guimarães
- Institute of Research and Advanced Training (IIFA), University of Évora, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal; (T.G.G.); (K.M.C.)
- Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development (MED), University of Évora, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal;
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.M.M.); (M.F.B.)
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Karla Menezes Cardoso
- Institute of Research and Advanced Training (IIFA), University of Évora, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal; (T.G.G.); (K.M.C.)
- Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development (MED), University of Évora, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal;
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.M.M.); (M.F.B.)
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Tralhão
- Center of Veterinary Ophthalmology, Oftalvet, 4050-102 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Carlos Miguel Marto
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.M.M.); (M.F.B.)
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno Alexandre
- Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development (MED), University of Évora, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal;
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
| | - Maria Filomena Botelho
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.M.M.); (M.F.B.)
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Laranjo
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.M.M.); (M.F.B.)
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Mitsui I, Nishimura S. Concurrent lacrimal gland melanocytoma and ocular melanocytosis in a dog. J Vet Diagn Invest 2021; 34:121-125. [PMID: 34515584 DOI: 10.1177/10406387211045027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A 9-y-5-mo-old, spayed female, mixed-breed dog with buphthalmia and elevated intraocular pressure in the left eye, consistent with glaucoma, was evaluated. Black-pigmented, slightly elevated tissue with irregular margins was noted on the dorsolateral aspect of the left globe. Ultrasonography detected a mass, later identified as lacrimal gland, adjacent to the globe and the thickened uvea. The surgically removed lacrimal gland was effaced by dense sheets of melanin-laden cells. Within the enucleated globe, numerous melanin-laden cells infiltrated and expanded the rostral two-thirds thickness of the cornea, the entire anterior uvea (iris and ciliary body), and a rostral portion of the choroid. Melanin-laden cells in the left lacrimal gland and globe showed no nuclear atypia or mitotic figures, and reacted to anti-S100 and anti-melan A antibodies by immunohistochemistry. Our final diagnosis was concurrent lacrimal gland melanocytoma and ocular melanocytosis. The trabecular meshwork of the eye was obliterated by melanin-laden cells, which was the likely cause of glaucoma in this patient. To our knowledge, melanocytoma affecting the lacrimal gland has not been reported previously in a non-human mammalian species. Veterinary clinicians are encouraged to include melanocytoma in the differential list when examining an enlarged lacrimal gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikki Mitsui
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Japan
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