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Bohner J, Bühler M, Bienert-Zeit A, Göritz F, Vogt C, Wohlsein P, Azogu-Sepe I. Complex Odontoma in a Young Captive Reticulated Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata). J Comp Pathol 2021; 185:49-54. [PMID: 34119231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Complex odontoma is a rare odontogenic lesion reported in rodents (order: Rodentia) and odd-toed ungulates (order: Perissodactyla), to name a few, and only in bovine animals of the order Artiodactyla. A 3-year-old female giraffe presented with a steadily proliferating, firm mass in the rostral mandible. With further expansion and ulceration of the mass, the general condition of the giraffe deteriorated and it was euthanized. Post-mortem examination revealed greyish-white tissue with an irregular arrangement of yellowish hard tissue arranged in thin plates and intermingled areas of greyish soft tissue. Histologically, irregular proliferated odontogenic epithelium and mesenchyme, dentin, cementum and empty spaces, suggestive of decalcified enamel, were present. These findings are consistent with a diagnosis of complex odontoma, which should be added to the differential diagnoses of oral tissue proliferations in giraffes. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a complex odontoma in a giraffe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bohner
- Serengeti-Park Hodenhagen GmbH, Hodenhagen, Germany
| | | | | | - Frank Göritz
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
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Zaheer OA, Ludwig L, Gardhouse S, Foster RA. Diagnosis, treatment, and characterization with advanced diagnostic imaging of an oral ectopic elodontoma in a pet rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). J Exot Pet Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
Compound odontomas are rare tumors of dental origin. Though benign, their effect as a space occupying lesion can be dramatic. A large compound odontoma in the caudal right mandible of a five and a half month old dog was managed by surgical enucleation of the abnormal tissues. No recurrence was evident 6 months later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraser A. Hale
- From the Veterinary Dental Service, 180 Garafraxa Street West, Fergus, Ontario, N1M-1C4, Canada
| | - Brian P. Wilcock
- Histovet Surgical Pathology, 21 Vardon Drive, Guelph, Ontario, N1G-1W8, Canada
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Morgan RE, Fiske-Jackson AR, Hellige M, Gerhauser I, Wohlsein P, Biggi M. Equine odontogenic tumors: Clinical presentation, CT findings, and outcome in 11 horses. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2019; 60:502-512. [PMID: 31359553 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Odontogenic tumors present as locally invasive, slow growing, firm swellings on the face. They are rare in all species and are characterized histologically by the degree of differentiation and dental tissue of origin. Radiographic appearance is not pathognomonic for these lesions. Computed tomographic (CT) examination allows exact determination of tumor extension and aggressiveness. The objectives of this retrospective, case series study were to describe the clinical presentation, CT characteristics, and outcome in horses with histologically confirmed odontogenic tumors, and to identify imaging features suggestive of individual types of tumors. Four ameloblastomas, two ameloblastic carcinomas, three ameloblastic fibromas, and two complex odontomas were included. All but one complex odontoma presented as a single mass. All tumors were associated with maxillary or mandibular bone expansion, alveolar and cortical bone lysis, and cortical bone thinning. The majority also had cortical bone thickening and periosteal proliferation. All tumors contained some degree of mineral attenuation, although only the complex odontomas contained enamel attenuation allowing differentiation from other types of odontogenic tumors in this study. Ameloblastomas were found to have variable CT characteristics likely due to the sub-groups of ameloblastomas. Both ameloblastic carcinomas contained a mixture of mineralized and soft tissue attenuating material whereas ameloblastic fibromas were mainly composed of soft tissue attenuating material. Computed tomographic characteristics of odontogenic tumors generally indicate that they are expansile, aggressive tumors and can occur in a wide range of ages. Further investigation is needed to elucidate differences between each type of equine odontogenic tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maren Hellige
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Foundation, Hanover, Germany
| | - Ingo Gerhauser
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Foundation, Hanover, Germany
| | - Peter Wohlsein
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Foundation, Hanover, Germany
| | - Marianna Biggi
- Equine Referral Hospital, The Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
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5
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Abstract
Two immature male dogs were presented for the treatment of extensive maxillary compound odontomas. In both cases, clinical evaluation and diagnostic imaging revealed extensive lesions invading and displacing anatomical structures of the maxilla. Histopathology confirmed the diagnoses in both cases. One dog was treated with partial rostral maxillectomy, and the other dog was treated with enucleation of the cystic lining and removal of tooth-like structures through a lateral rhinotomy utilizing an intraoral approach. This report illustrates the growth potential of maxillary compound odontomas in 2 dogs and highlights their subclinical appearance and excellent prognosis despite their extensive nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi K Hoyer
- 1 South Mesa Veterinary Hospital, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kristin M Bannon
- 2 Veterinary Dentistry and Oral Surgery of New Mexico, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Cynthia M Bell
- 3 Center for Comparative Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,4 Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jason W Soukup
- 3 Center for Comparative Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,5 Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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Barceló Oliver F, Kelly P, Sharpe SJ, Ayoub A, Patterson-Kane JC, Pollock PJ. Sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma in the mandible of a horse. EQUINE VET EDUC 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Barceló Oliver
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine; University of Edinburgh; Midlothian UK
| | - P. Kelly
- Philip Leverhulme Equine Hospital; University of Liverpool; Neston Wirral UK
| | - S. J. Sharpe
- School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Calgary; Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - A. Ayoub
- School of Medicine; College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Science; University of Glasgow; Dental Hospital; Glasgow UK
| | | | - P. J. Pollock
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine; University of Edinburgh; Midlothian UK
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Witte S. Maxillectomy and mandibulectomy in the horse: Indications and necessity of post operative adjunct therapy. EQUINE VET EDUC 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Witte
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, Universität Bern, Bern; Switzerland
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Brounts SH, Hawkins JF, Lescun TB, Fessler JF, Stiles P, Blevins WE. Surgical management of compound odontoma in two horses. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2004; 225:1423-7, 1393. [PMID: 15552320 DOI: 10.2460/javma.2004.225.1423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Two horses were admitted for evaluation of mandibular swelling (horse 1) or maxillary distortion (horse 2). Both horses had radiographic evidence of tumors of dental origin that had the appearance of a compound odontoma. Extensive surgical resection was performed for treatment. Horse 1 was treated with 1-stage surgical resection, but an iatrogenic fracture occurred during surgery, which was managed successfully with a type I external fixator and extraoral alimentation. Horse 2 was treated in multiple stages to remove all portions of the tumor. To manage an extensive orosinal fistula, a custom-designed dental bridge was constructed to occlude the fistula. For both horses, the histopathologic diagnosis was compound odontoma. Compound odontomas are benign, locally expansive tumors of dental origin. Compound odontomas can be treated successfully; however, multiple surgeries may be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina H Brounts
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2026, USA
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Abstract
A six-month-old, male Black Russian terrier dog was presented for oral masses on the distolingual aspect of the mandibular left and right first molar teeth. Intraoral dental radiographs showed periodontal support of the small teeth (denticles). Oral and radiographic examinations of the remaining teeth indicated no other dental abnormalities. The denticles had histomorphologic features of small teeth including normal appearing crown and root structures. Clinical and histopathologic examinations resulted in a diagnosis of bilateral compound odontomas with completely erupted denticles. Treatment consisted of extraction of all denticles and extensive curettage. The dog had uncomplicated wound healing with no signs of recurrence based on oral examination performed 15-months postoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Eickhoff
- Hospital of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, Hannover School of Veterinary Medicine, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
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Abstract
A 1-month-old male American Paint Horse was evaluated for a hard swelling on the right side of the maxillary region. On radiographs there was a large, expansile outpouching of the right maxillary bone between the second and third premolar teeth. Computed tomography further characterized the expansile lesion to have a soft tissue component and to originate in the region of a caudal maxillary tooth. Surgical reconstruction of the defect was unsuccessful and the animal was euthanetized. Based on failure to find histopathologic evidence of a neoplasm or cyst, the diagnosis was a congenital malformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Tudor
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh 27606, USA
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12
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Crabill MR, Schumacher J. Pathophysiology of acquired dental diseases of the horse. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 1998; 14:291-307. [PMID: 9742665 DOI: 10.1016/s0749-0739(17)30199-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, infundibular necrosis, and periapical infection are dental diseases commonly affecting adult horses. Routine dental examinations and care may help to prevent these diseases. Further investigation of the treatment of horses with these diseases using local antimicrobial therapy, restorative dentistry, and endodontic therapy is needed. An understanding of the pathogenesis of these diseases aids in diagnosis and treatment. Gingival hyperplasia and odontogenic tumors are uncommon but should remain in a list of differential diagnoses when examining a horse with pertinent clinical signs. Recognition of odontogenic tumors as early as possible may facilitate surgery. Examination of the oral cavity of foals beyond the neonatal period should allow identification of brachygnathia and timely treatment when indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Crabill
- American Board of Veterinary Practitioners, Mid-Rivers Equine Centre, Wentzville, Missouri, USA
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Abstract
Equine congenital dental deformities are not limited merely to those presented here; however, the examples discussed offer the reader an appreciation for the range of severity and complexity that may be found in affected horses. The veterinarian is obligated to provide the best possible care for the patient and to relieve animal suffering. The lack of definitive evidence for heritability of many of these defects can place the veterinarian in an untenable position, particularly when presented with literature that proclaims or suggests without evidence that a particular condition is inherited. In such cases, the veterinarian is encouraged to counsel owners, citing substantiated medical information, and to recommend that owners make the decision to eliminate the affected animals' ability to reproduce.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M DeBowes
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, USA
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PIRIE RS, DIXON PM. Mandibular tumours in the horse: a review of the literature and 7 case reports. EQUINE VET EDUC 1993. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3292.1993.tb01055.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Equine tumors are rather uncommon; however, of the body regions, the head is a relatively common location for neoplasia, including sarcoids and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin, tumors of the sinus/nasal cavity, and bony tumors of the head. Tumors discussed in the article include odontogenic and bony tumors; sarcoids; tumors of the guttural pouch and pharyngeal and oral mucosa; tumors of the larynx; and tumors of the paranasal sinuses and nasal passages. In general, tumors involving deeper structures of the head carry a poor prognosis; however, some tumors such as sarcoids, ossifying fibromas, and osteomas of the paranasal sinus often can be treated effectively by cytoreductive surgery, with or without adjunctive treatment modalities. The clinical signs, prognoses, and therapeutic options for specific tumor types and locations are reviewed. Ophthalmic tumors are not discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Hance
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus
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Smith KC, Brearley MJ, Jeffery ND. Odontoma in a juvenile boxer: Clinical, radiographic and pathological findings. J Small Anim Pract 1993. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.1993.tb02635.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Prichard MA, Hackett RP, Erb HN. Long-term outcome of tooth repulsion in horses. A retrospective study of 61 cases. Vet Surg 1992; 21:145-9. [PMID: 1626385 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.1992.tb00033.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The records of 61 horses undergoing tooth repulsion for treatment of alveolar periostitis were reviewed. Seventeen of 36 horses (47%) in which maxillary teeth were removed had serious postoperative complications, such as infection of a second tooth, bone sequestration, chronic sinusitis, draining tracts, retained dental packing, feed impaction of the alveolus or sinus, suture-line dehiscence, or skin-flap sloughs. Eight horses required at least one additional surgical procedure. Eight of 25 horses (32%) in which mandibular teeth were removed had serious postoperative complications, and four horses required an additional surgical procedure. Hospitalization lasted 2 to 61 days (median, 22 days) for maxillary teeth and 3 to 35 days (median, 8 days) for mandibular teeth. Long-term follow-up (at least 5 months) was possible in 47 horses. Twenty-four of 30 horses (80%) with maxillary tooth repulsion healed without further problems; six horses had persistent nasal discharge. Fourteen of 17 horses (82%) with mandibular tooth repulsion healed with no further problems or with only minor complications; three horses had a chronic draining tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Prichard
- Department of Clinical Sciences, New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca
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Abstract
An 8-year-old Hannoverian horse developed a swelling of the maxilla caused by a tumour of the hard palate. On histological examination the tumour was diagnosed as a primary intra-osseous carcinoma of the maxilla, a rare odontogenic tumour not previously described in the horse.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Weber
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Pretoria, South Africa
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