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Subandi MA, Derin S, Setiyawati D. Al Ghazali's Concept of Diseases of the Spiritual Heart and its Significance to the DSM-5-TR Diagnosis. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2024; 63:490-514. [PMID: 37474879 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-023-01871-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The intertwined relationship between religion and mental health has been accounted for since the earliest recorded history. This study aimed to explore the relationship between the concept of diseases of the spiritual heart (DOTSH) from the Islamic-Sufi perspective and the medical-psychiatric concept of mental disorder. We examined two essential documents as our primary data sources: (1) Al Ghazali's Ihya Ulumuddin (Revivals of Religion Sciences) Volume III entitled the Quarter of the Destructive and (2) The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fifth Version, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR). We employed a document analysis of the qualitative method by applying six steps of data analysis. We reviewed the English version of Al Ghazali's book to identified DOTSH. In this stage, we found six DOTSH categories which comprised of 40 DOTSH. Then, we searched the correspondence of DOTSH's categories to the DSM-5-TR criteria for mental disorders. We found that all DOTSH categories correspond to DSM-5-TR diagnostics criteria, diagnostic features or diagnostic associated features. We concluded that spiritual heart diseases not only present as symptoms but also can be regarded as mental disorder preconditions that require preventive intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Subandi
- Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
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Roose E, Huysmans E, Leysen L, Mostaqim K, Van Wilgen P, Beckwée D, De Couck M, Timmermans A, Bults R, Nijs J, Lahousse A. Effect of perceived injustice-targeted pain neuroscience education compared with biomedically focused education in breast cancer survivors: a study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial (BCS-PI trial). BMJ Open 2024; 14:e075779. [PMID: 38233049 PMCID: PMC10806532 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current treatments for pain in breast cancer survivors (BCSs) are mostly biomedically focused rather than biopsychosocially driven. However, 22% of BCSs with pain are experiencing perceived injustice, which is a known predictor for adverse pain outcomes and opioid prescription due to increased maladaptive pain behaviour. Educational interventions such as pain neuroscience education (PNE) are suggested to target perceived injustice. In addition, motivational interviewing can be an effective behavioural change technique. This trial aims to examine whether perceived injustice-targeted PNE with the integration of motivational interviewing is superior to biomedically focused pain education in reducing pain after 12 months in BCS with perceived injustice and pain. In addition, improvements in quality of life, perceived injustice and opioid use are evaluated, and a cost-effectiveness analysis will finally result in a recommendation concerning the use of perceived injustice-targeted PNE in BCSs with perceived injustice and pain. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This two-arm multicentre randomised controlled trial will recruit female BCS (n=156) with pain and perceived injustice. Participants will be randomly assigned to perceived injustice-targeted PNE or biomedically focused pain education in each centre. Both interventions include an online session, an information leaflet and three one-to-one sessions. The primary outcome (pain), secondary outcomes (quality of life, perceived injustice and outcomes for cost-effectiveness analysis) and explanatory outcomes (pain phenotyping, sleep, fatigue and cognitive-emotional factors) will be assessed at baseline and at 0, 6, 12 and 24 months postintervention using self-reported questionnaires online. Treatment effects over time will be evaluated using linear mixed model analyses. Additionally, a cost-utility analysis will be done from a healthcare payer and societal perspective. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The ethical agreement was obtained from the Main Ethics Committee (B.U.N.1432020000068) at the University Hospital Brussels and all other participating hospitals. Study results will be disseminated through presentations, conferences, social media, press and journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04730154.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Roose
- Pain in Motion Research Group (PAIN), Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- REVAL Research Group, Universiteit Hasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Physical Medicine and Physiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Rehabilitation Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Eva Huysmans
- Pain in Motion Research Group (PAIN), Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
- Research Foundation-Flanders, (FWO), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurence Leysen
- Pain in Motion Research Group (PAIN), Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kenza Mostaqim
- Pain in Motion Research Group (PAIN), Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Research Foundation-Flanders, (FWO), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paul Van Wilgen
- Pain in Motion Research Group (PAIN), Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Transcare Pain Transdisciplinary Pain Treatment Center, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - David Beckwée
- Rehabilitation Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Marijke De Couck
- Pain in Motion Research Group (PAIN), Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Rinske Bults
- Pain in Motion Research Group (PAIN), Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jo Nijs
- Pain in Motion Research Group (PAIN), Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Physical Medicine and Physiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Unit of Physiotherapy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gotenburg, Sweden
| | - Astrid Lahousse
- Pain in Motion Research Group (PAIN), Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Physical Medicine and Physiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Hertz U, Snider KLG, Levy A, Canetti D, Gross ML. To shoot or not to shoot: experiments on moral injury in the context of West Bank checkpoints and COVID-19 restrictions enforcement. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2022; 13:2013651. [PMID: 35087644 PMCID: PMC8788350 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2021.2013651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Does exposure to events that transgress accepted norms, such as killing innocent civilians, prompt the psychological and emotional consequences of moral injury among soldiers? Moral injury is associated with negative emotions such as guilt, shame and anger, and a sense of betrayal and is identified among veterans following exposure to potentially morally injurious events (PMIE). OBJECTIVE We experimentally investigate how PMIE characteristics affect the intensity of MI and related negative moral emotions in participants with varied military experience. METHOD We conducted three controlled, randomized experiments. Each exposed male respondents with active combat experience (Study 1) and varied military experience (Study 2) to four textual vignettes describing PMIE (child/adult and innocent/non-innocent suspect) that transpire at an Israeli checkpoint in the West Bank. In study 3, we exposed participants to two scenarios, where descriptions of police officers enforcing COVID 19 restrictions confronted lockdown violators. RESULTS Participants assigned to vignettes describing killing an innocent civilian exhibited more intense levels of shame and guilt than those assigned to vignettes describing killing a person carrying a bomb. Religiosity and political ideology were strong predictors of guilt and shame in response to descriptions of checkpoint shootings. These effects disappeared in Study 3, suggesting that political ideology drives MI in intergroup conflict. CONCLUSIONS Background and PMIE-related characteristics affect the development of moral injury. Additionally, lab experiments demonstrate the potential and limitations of controlled studies of moral injury and facilitate an understanding of the aetiology of moral injury in a way unavailable to clinicians. Finally, experimental findings and methodologies offer further insights into the genesis of moral injury and avenues for therapy and prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Hertz
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Adi Levy
- School of Political Science, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Daphna Canetti
- School of Political Science, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michael L Gross
- School of Political Science, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Crisan SM, Nechita DM. Maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and trait anger as predictors of depression severity. Clin Psychol Psychother 2021; 29:1135-1143. [PMID: 34902882 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to empirical evidence, trait anger and emotion regulation strategies are associated with depression severity. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of trait anger and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies in explaining the variance of depressive symptoms severity. METHODS Two hundred three participants diagnosed with major depressive disorder completed measures of depression, trait anger, depressive rumination, anger rumination and experiential avoidance. Path analysis using Mplus was employed for data analysis. RESULTS Trait anger and depressive rumination were significant predictors of the level of depressive symptomatology, while experiential avoidance and anger rumination did not predict the level of depressive symptoms severity. CONCLUSION Maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and trait anger seem to be associated with the level of depressive symptoms, and, as such, should also be investigated when working with depressive symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Maria Crisan
- Evidence-Based Psychological Assessment and Interventions Doctoral School, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Mirela Nechita
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,International Institute for the Advanced, Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Jouybari L, Koohkan A, Sanagoo A, Pahlavanzadeh B, Badeleh Shamooshaki M. The relationship between anger with general health in emergency personnel. JOURNAL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jnms.jnms_108_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Lotfalizadeh M, Miri S, Foroughameri G, Farokhzadian J. The effect of anger management skills training on anger status of the people with HIV. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2020; 56:605-613. [PMID: 31984531 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the effect of anger management skills training on the anger status of people with HIV. DESIGN AND METHODS This interventional study was conducted on 60 people with HIV. The intervention group was trained on anger management skills. Data were collected using Spielberger's State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-II. FINDINGS The intervention group's training on anger management skills showed a significant reduction in mean scores of the state-trait anger, and anger expression as well as a significant increase in mean scores of anger control-out and anger control-in. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Expert counselors, psychologists, community health, and psychiatric nurses are recommended to train anger management skills to people with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Lotfalizadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sakineh Miri
- Nursing Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Golnaz Foroughameri
- Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Jamileh Farokhzadian
- Nursing Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Sommer I, Lukic N, Rössler W, Ettlin DA. Measuring anger in patients experiencing chronic pain - A systematic review. J Psychosom Res 2019; 125:109778. [PMID: 31442843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2019.109778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Anger is prevalent in chronic pain and has been associated with pain perception, disability, behavior and treatment outcome. Objectives were (1) to survey in the context of chronic pain the application (and omission) of validated anger self-report instruments, (2) to discuss the instruments found in the context of emotion theories and (3) to identify a possible instrument preference. A systematic search of textbooks and review articles was first performed on validated instruments designed to measure the cognitive, the motivational and the subjective feeling component of anger. Thereafter, a systematic review aimed at finding chronic pain studies from 2005 to 2019 reporting on these instruments. Textbooks and reviews listed 16 validated self-report anger measurement instruments. 28 papers applying four of these were identified and two new instruments were additionally detected. The State-Trait Anger Expression (STAXI) and its precursors were most commonly used. Studies on chronic low back pain patients prevailed. In conclusion, anger in chronic pain patients is reliably measurable at low cost with self-report tools. The STAXI-II qualifies best for this purpose based on its extensive validation history. The majority of instruments lack sufficient theoretical and psychometric adequacy. A more detailed exploration of the cognitive anger component in chronic pain patients in future research is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Sommer
- Interdisciplinary Orofacial Pain Unit, Clinic of Masticatory Disorders, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nenad Lukic
- Interdisciplinary Orofacial Pain Unit, Clinic of Masticatory Disorders, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wulf Rössler
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Neuroscience, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dominik A Ettlin
- Interdisciplinary Orofacial Pain Unit, Clinic of Masticatory Disorders, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland; São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Bothamley SL, Tully RJ. Use of the Social Problem Solving Inventory-Revised With Forensic Populations: A Psychometric Critique. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2018; 62:2669-2686. [PMID: 29020817 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x17734801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Social Problem Solving Inventory-Revised (SPSI-R) is a popular psychometric tool used with multiple populations to assess individual problem solving ability. Problem solving deficits have been implicated within forensic literature, and therefore, assessment of these skills is essential to aid decision making and appraisal of treatment change in forensic populations. This review discusses the extent of the validity and reliability of the SPSI-R within forensic populations, and concludes that while the tool has some valid psychometric properties, further studies using larger forensic samples and being inclusive of more subgroups in forensic contexts are needed to provide reliable group comparison norms. Overall, users of the SPSI-R should be aware of the strengths and limitations of using this tool with a forensic population. Impression management is also a consideration when using the SPSI-R within forensic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruth J Tully
- 1 University of Nottingham, UK
- 2 Tully Forensic Psychology, Nottingham, UK
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The Prison Adjusted Measure of Aggression (PAMA): Psychometric characteristics of a new tool measuring change in aggressive behaviors in correctional settings. Psychiatry Res 2018; 263:130-138. [PMID: 29550718 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
There is a need for instruments that can be used in correctional settings to measure changes in aggressive behaviors over a limited time period. This study aimed to validate an instrument (the Prison Adjusted Measure of Aggression, PAMA) that assesses specifically the past month's aggressive behaviors and is adapted for use in correctional facilities. The psychometric properties of the self-rated and interview versions of the PAMA were explored and compared to those of two well-established measures of aggression: The Staff Observation Aggression Scale (SOAS); and the self-rate Aggression Questionnaire-Revised Swedish Version (AQ-RSV). The study group comprised 93 male and 59 female inmates, who were followed for two months. During the study, the prevalence of aggressive acts was observed and reported by SOAS. On two occasions, at monthly intervals, subjects reported their own aggressive behaviors using AQ-RSV and the self-report version of the PAMA; also, a psychologist conducted interviews according to PAMA. This study's main finding was that the self-rated version of PAMA is a valid measure of different types and dimensions of aggression (physical and verbal aggression, hostility) and has acceptable psychometric properties. Therefore, PAMA could potentially be of value for use in correctional services evaluating aggression managing treatment interventions.
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Browne KD, Hines M, Tully RJ. The differences between sex offenders who victimise older women and sex offenders who offend against children. Aging Ment Health 2018; 22:11-18. [PMID: 27367563 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2016.1202892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Within the literature on sex offending, much attention is paid to the distinction between those sex offenders who offend against adults and those who offend against children. In contrast, there is a paucity of research into sex offenders who offend specifically against elderly or older victims. METHOD A detailed interview and psychometric tests were conducted with a sample of 28 sex offenders who had been convicted of a sexually motivated offence against an older female. These data were compared to a sample of 23 child sex offenders. RESULTS Results indicate that amongst other significant differences between these sub-groups, men who offend against older women are generally younger, are more violent, and are more likely to use a weapon and cause injury and death compared to child sex offenders. The men who offended against children were more likely to think about and plan their offending, spend more time with the victim pre and post offence, admit sexual arousal during the offence, and admit to a sexual motivation for the offence. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that men who sexually offend against older women and men who sexually offend against children are distinct groups. Treatment and risk management strategies should take this into account. Further exploration of this sub-group of offenders is recommended to help inform treatment and risk management strategies for sex offenders who offend against older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Browne
- a Centre for Forensic and Family Psychology , The University of Nottingham , Nottingham , UK
| | - Morag Hines
- b The University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - Ruth J Tully
- a Centre for Forensic and Family Psychology , The University of Nottingham , Nottingham , UK.,c Tully Forensic Psychology Ltd. , Nottingham , UK
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Anger Emotional Stress Influences VEGF/VEGFR2 and Its Induced PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:4129015. [PMID: 27057362 PMCID: PMC4769761 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4129015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. We discuss the influence of anger emotional stress upon VEGF/VEGFR2 and its induced PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathway. Methods. We created a rat model of induced anger (anger-out and anger-in) emotional response using social isolation and resident-intruder paradigms and assessed changes in hippocampus' VEGF content, neuroplasticity, and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Results. The resident-intruder method successfully generated anger-out and anger-in models that differed significantly in composite aggression score, aggression incubation, open field behavior, sucrose preference, and weight gain. Anger emotional stress decreased synaptic connections and VEGFR2 expression. Anger emotional stress led to abnormal expression of VEGF/VEGFR2 mRNA and protein and disorderly expression of key factors in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathway. Fluoxetine administration ameliorated behavioral abnormalities and damage to hippocampal neurons caused by anger emotional stress, as well as abnormal expression of some proteins in VEGF/VEGFR2 and its induced PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathway. Conclusion. This research provides a detailed classification of anger emotion and verifies its influence upon VEGF and the VEGF-induced signaling pathway, thus providing circumstantial evidence of mechanisms by which anger emotion damages neurogenesis. As VEGFR2 can promote neurogenesis and vasculogenesis in the hippocampus and frontal lobe, these results suggest that anger emotional stress can result in decreased neurogenesis.
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