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Ahmad Badruddin N, Roseliza-Murni A, Kamaluddin MR, Ahmad Badayai AR, Munusamy S. Intervening factors between risk of violence and aggressive behaviours among forensic inpatients: a scoping review. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:155. [PMID: 38491550 PMCID: PMC10943838 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01649-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk of violence is closely associated with aggression propensity. However, there is a lack of research to explain the mechanisms behind this association, especially among the patients of forensic secure facilities. This review aimed to identify and synthesize the available literature concerning the intervening factors (mediating or moderating factors) in the relationship between the risk of violence and aggressive behavior in forensic secure facilities. METHODS Two electronic academic databases were searched: Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) using specific keywords as search terms derived from the PCC framework with no specific time limit. The search strategy was developed based on the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis and utilised the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Data on the risk of violence, intervening factors, and aggressive behavior were extracted from the included studies. Further analysis was performed whereby similar data were grouped and synthesised together. RESULTS The initial search produced 342 studies. However, only nine studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The nine studies included 1,068 adult forensic inpatients from various psychiatric hospitals. Only mediation studies reported significant mechanisms of influence between the risk of violence and aggressive behavior. It is postulated that the human agency factor may be the underlying factor that influences a person's functioning and the subsequent series of events between the risk of violence and aggression. CONCLUSIONS In light of the paucity of evidence in this area, a generalised conclusion cannot be established. More studies are warranted to address the gaps before conclusive recommendations can be proposed to the relevant stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norhameza Ahmad Badruddin
- Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well-Being, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - AbRahman Roseliza-Murni
- Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well-Being, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohammad Rahim Kamaluddin
- Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well-Being, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rahman Ahmad Badayai
- Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well-Being, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shalini Munusamy
- International Medical University, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jln Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Hart T, Maiuro RD, Fann JR, Vaccaro MJ, Chervoneva I. Predictors of Treatment Response to a Psychoeducational Intervention for Anger in Chronic Moderate-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 35:158-164. [PMID: 35989575 DOI: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.21110279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The investigators examined predictors of treatment response to anger self-management training (ASMT) among patients with chronic moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS A multicenter randomized clinical trial comprising 90 participants with moderate-severe TBI was conducted. Fifty-four participants who were randomly assigned to receive active treatment and provided complete data were included in the current secondary analysis. Model averaging was used to examine the relative importance and significance of pretreatment variables for predicting change during treatment. Dependent variables were pre- to posttreatment changes in trait anger (TA) and anger expression-out (AX-O) subscale scores of the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-Revised. Predictors included demographic, injury-related, and neuropsychological variables, including both objective and self-reported measures of executive function, as well as readiness to change and participation of a significant other in treatment. RESULTS Change in both dependent variables was predicted by higher baseline anger. Greater change in TA was additionally predicted by White race, higher education, shorter posttraumatic amnesia, and worse self-reported (but not objectively measured) executive dysfunction; the latter predictor may have indicated better self-awareness. Greater change in AX-O was additionally predicted by better episodic memory and, paradoxically, lower readiness to change. CONCLUSIONS Further research should focus on adapting psychoeducational anger treatments to better serve the diverse populations affected by moderate-severe TBI. These findings suggest that providing memory aids to support the use of learned strategies after treatment cessation would be beneficial. Further research should also examine the construct of readiness to change and specific aspects of executive function that may affect treatment response in psychoeducational treatments. These findings were derived from only one model of anger intervention, and the relevance to other treatment approaches cannot be assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Hart
- Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Elkins Park, Pa. (Hart, Vaccaro); private practice, Seattle (Maiuro); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (Fann); Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (Chervoneva)
| | - Roland D Maiuro
- Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Elkins Park, Pa. (Hart, Vaccaro); private practice, Seattle (Maiuro); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (Fann); Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (Chervoneva)
| | - Jesse R Fann
- Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Elkins Park, Pa. (Hart, Vaccaro); private practice, Seattle (Maiuro); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (Fann); Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (Chervoneva)
| | - Monica J Vaccaro
- Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Elkins Park, Pa. (Hart, Vaccaro); private practice, Seattle (Maiuro); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (Fann); Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (Chervoneva)
| | - Inna Chervoneva
- Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Elkins Park, Pa. (Hart, Vaccaro); private practice, Seattle (Maiuro); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (Fann); Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia (Chervoneva)
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Testing the Effects of a Virtual Reality Game for Aggressive Impulse Management: A Preliminary Randomized Controlled Trial among Forensic Psychiatric Outpatients. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11111484. [PMID: 34827483 PMCID: PMC8615718 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11111484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior laboratory experiments among healthy samples found that training avoidance movements to angry faces may lower anger and aggression, especially people high in trait anger. To enrich this training and make it more suitable for clinical applications, the present researchers developed it into a Virtual Reality Game for Aggressive Impulse Management (VR-GAIME). The current study examined the effects of this training in a randomized controlled trial among forensic psychiatric outpatients with aggression regulation problems (N = 30). In addition to the aggression replacement training, patients played either the VR-GAIME or a control game. Aggressive behavior was measured pre-, half-way, and post-treatment via self-report and clinicians ratings. No difference was found between the VR-GAIME and the control game. However, the participants reported gaining more insight into their own behavior and that of others. Future VR intervention tools in clinical settings may capitalize more on their benefits for self-reflection within interpersonal settings.
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Maximal positive controls: A method for estimating the largest plausible effect size. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2020.104082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Van der Sluys ME, Zijlmans J, Popma A, Van der Laan PH, Scherder EJA, Marhe R. Neurocognitive predictors of treatment completion and daytime activities at follow-up in multiproblem young adults. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 20:1103-1121. [PMID: 32820418 PMCID: PMC7497488 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-020-00822-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has shown an association between cognitive control deficits and problematic behavior such as antisocial behavior and substance use, but little is known about the predictive value of cognitive control for treatment outcome. The current study tests whether selected markers of baseline cognitive control predict (1) treatment completion of a day treatment program involving a combination of approaches for multiproblem young adults and (2) daytime activities a year after the start of treatment, over and above psychological, social, and criminal characteristics. We assessed individual, neurobiological, and neurobehavioral measures, including functional brain activity during an inhibition task and two electroencephalographic measures of error processing in 127 male multiproblem young adults (age 18-27 years). We performed two hierarchical regression models to test the predictive power of cognitive control for treatment completion and daytime activities at follow-up. The overall models did not significantly predict treatment completion or daytime activities at follow-up. However, activity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) during response inhibition, years of regular alcohol use, internalizing problems, and ethnicity were all significant individual predictors of daytime activity at follow-up. In conclusion, cognitive control could not predict treatment completion or daytime activities a year after the start of treatment over and above individual characteristics. However, results indicate a direct association between brain activity during response inhibition and participation in daytime activities, such as work or school, after treatment. As adequate baseline inhibitory control is associated with a positive outcome at follow-up, this suggests interventions targeting cognitive control might result in better outcomes at follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Van der Sluys
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorstraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - J Zijlmans
- VU University Medical Center Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Popma
- VU University Medical Center Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Leiden University, Steenschuur 25, 2311 ES, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P H Van der Laan
- Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement, De Boelelaan 1077, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E J A Scherder
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorstraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Marhe
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorstraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- VU University Medical Center Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, 3062 PA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Smeijers D, Koole SL. Testing the Effects of a Virtual Reality Game for Aggressive Impulse Management (VR-GAIME): Study Protocol. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:83. [PMID: 30863328 PMCID: PMC6399131 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Prior laboratory findings indicate that training avoidance movements to angry faces may lower anger and aggression among healthy participants, especially those high in trait anger. To enrich this training and make it more suitable for clinical applications, it has been developed into a Virtual Reality Game for Aggressive Impulse Management (VR-GAIME). Methods: The proposed study will examine the effects of this training in a randomized controlled trial among forensic psychiatric outpatients with aggression regulation problems (N = 60). In addition to the aggression replacement training, participants will play either the VR-GAIME or a control game. Anger will be assessed using self-report. Aggressive impulses will be measured via self-report, a validated laboratory paradigm, and rated by clinicians. Discussion: The authors hypothesize that the combination of the VR-GAIME and regular aggression treatment will be more successful in reducing aggressive behavior. One of the strengths of the proposed study is that it is the first to examine the effects of a motivational intervention in a clinical sample characterized by problems in regulating anger and aggression. Another strength of the proposed study is that the VR-GAIME will be implemented as a multi-session intervention. Additionally, the VR-GAIME applies, for the first time, serious gaming and virtual reality on an avoidance motivation intervention. If positive results are found, the VR-GAIME may be systematically deployed in forensic psychiatric settings. Trial registration: The trial is registered with The Netherlands National Trial Register, number: NTR6986.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danique Smeijers
- Forensic Psychiatric Centre Pompestichting, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sander L Koole
- Department of Clinical Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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