Clinicians' caseload management behaviours as explanatory factors in patients' length of time on caseloads: a predictive multilevel study in paediatric community occupational therapy

BACKGROUND

Long waiting times and large caseloads are a challenge to children's therapy services internationally. Research in hospital-based healthcare indicates that waiting times are a function of throughput, and that length of care episode is related to clinicians' caseload management behaviour (i.e. actions at assessment, treatment, post-treatment, and discharge). There have been few attempts to study this in community health services. The present study investigated whether community occupational therapists' behaviour predicts children's length of time (LoT) on caseloads.

METHODS

Retrospective survey of case notes of children recently discharged from occupational therapy services. Using cluster random sampling, case notes were drawn from therapy records in six NHSScotland Health Boards. Data about therapists' behaviours of assessing, treating, reviewing and discharging, together with child characteristics, were used to construct regression models of factors related to LoT.

RESULTS

Twenty-six therapists [median(IQR) time in paediatrics 8(6-13) years] and 154 of their cases [mean(SD) age 7(3) years; median(IQR) LoT 10(3-21)] were included. A multi-level model, adjusting for clustering, for therapists' actions of communicating assessment outcomes to parents, providing treatment, and placing the child on review, and for a diagnosis of cerebral palsy, explained 44% of variation in LoT.

CONCLUSIONS

Occupational therapists' caseload management behaviours are associated with children's LoT on caseloads. Further research is required to investigate the direction of relationships between therapists' behaviours and LoT; and the relationships between contextual factors, therapists' caseload management behaviours and LoT. Further exploration of therapists' beliefs about caseload management could also be useful in identifying possible factors contributing to variation between therapists.

Mothers' Perceptions of Their Children's Occupational Therapy Processes: A Qualitative Interview Study

This study aimed to explore parents' views of the management of their children's occupational therapy in the United Kingdom (UK). Forty-one parents of children recently seen by occupational therapists were approached. Seven mothers from four different health boards who agreed to participate were interviewed about their experiences and views of their child's occupational therapy. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically.

The interview data suggest that achieving a good quality therapy process requires therapists to appreciate mothers' desire actively to ‘do things’ to help their child and to protect their child from harm. Therapists can support mothers in this by facilitating their access to treatment and support for their child, where the treatment and support are in line with the goals of the child, the parents and the school. The mothers emphasised the importance of interactions between them, the therapist and educational staff. Specifically, shared understandings of the child's condition between the parent and the therapist, and therapists' active engagement of parents, appeared to be linked to parents' positive views of therapy.

The findings map onto the literature from North America about parents' expectations of children's rehabilitation services. Recommendations for practice and future research are discussed.