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Montenegro M, Cutrer FM. Cough, Exertional, and Sex Headaches. Neurol Clin 2024; 42:599-614. [PMID: 38575269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncl.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
In this article, the authors review the most common presentations of cough and exertional headaches and headaches associated with sexual activity. The authors elaborate on the most commonly described etiologies and identify those which are most critical to treat. The authors outline the recommendations for further evaluation and discuss effective treatment modalities for each headache type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Montenegro
- General Neurology and Headache Division, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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2
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Lin PT, Chen SP, Wang SJ. Update on primary headache associated with sexual activity and primary thunderclap headache. Cephalalgia 2023; 43:3331024221148657. [PMID: 36786380 DOI: 10.1177/03331024221148657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This narrative review aims to provide an update on primary headache associated with sexual activity and primary thunderclap headache. METHODS We conducted a literature search on PubMed with the keywords "headache associated with sexual activity", "sexual headache", "orgasmic cephalalgia", and "coital cephalalgia" in addition to "thunderclap headache" to assess the appropriateness of all published articles in this review. RESULTS Primary headache associated with sexual activity is a "primary" headache precipitated by sexual activity, which occurs as sexual excitement increases (progressive at onset), or manifests as an abrupt and intense headache upon orgasm (thunderclap at onset) or combines these above two features. Primary headache associated with sexual activity is diagnosed after a thorough investigation, including appropriate neuroimaging studies, to exclude life-threatening secondary causes such as subarachnoid hemorrhage. According to the criteria of the third edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders, primary thunderclap headache is also a diagnosis by exclusion. The pathophysiology of primary headache associated with sexual activity and primary thunderclap headache remains incompletely understood. Treatment may not be necessary for all patients since some patients with primary headache associated with sexual activity and primary thunderclap headache have a self-limiting course. CONCLUSION A comprehensive neuroimaging study is needed for distinguishing primary headache associated with sexual activity or primary thunderclap headache from secondary causes. Primary headache associated with sexual activity and primary thunderclap headache are self-limited diseases and the prognoses are good, but some patients with primary headache associated with sexual activity may have a prolonged course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Tso Lin
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Pin Chen
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Translational Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shuu-Jiun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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González-Quintanilla V, Madera J, Pascual J. Update on headaches associated with physical exertion. Cephalalgia 2023; 43:3331024221146989. [PMID: 36786294 DOI: 10.1177/03331024221146989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Headaches associated with physical exertion include headache precipitated by coughing or other Valsalva maneuvers, headache brought on by prolonged physical exercise, sexual headaches and cardiac cephalalgia. OBJECTIVE To review and update the clinical characteristics, etiologies, pathophysiology and management of these headaches related to exertion. METHODS In depth review of the publications, both in PubMed and in the main textbooks, of the different headaches induced by physical exercise. RESULTS Cough, exercise and sexual headaches can be primary or secondary; therefore, complementary studies are mandatory to rule out structural lesions. However, clinical characteristics, such as an old age and response to indomethacin for cough headache or being a young male and response to beta-blockers for exercise and sexual headaches, plus a normal examination are suggestive of a primary etiology. Etiology for secondary varieties, as posterior fossa lesions for cough headache or vascular malformations for exercise and sexual headaches, are also different. Finally, headache as a distant manifestation of myocardial ischemia, also known as "cardiac cephalalgia", appears at exertion in around two-thirds of cases and typically lasts less than 30 minutes and is relieved by nitroglycerine. CONCLUSIONS Primary and secondary cough headache can usually be suspected based on clinical characteristics and separated from exercise and sexual headaches, which share many aspects. Cardiac cephalalgia is not necessarily an exertional headache and should be considered in adult patients with short lasting headaches and patent vascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge Madera
- University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Universidad de Cantabria and IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Julio Pascual
- University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Universidad de Cantabria and IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
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4
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McCabe AM, Platek NM, Palmieri JR, Foerst JR. Stroke-Like Symptoms During Sexual Intercourse in a 25-Year-Old Female with a Patent Foramen Ovale. Cureus 2022; 14:e27332. [PMID: 36043015 PMCID: PMC9414168 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A 25-year-old female who presented with stroke-like symptoms during sexual intercourse was found to have a patent foramen ovale (PFO). She was diagnosed with a cryptogenic transient ischemic attack (TIA) and underwent a successful catheter-based PFO closure. She had complete resolution of symptoms during both intercourse and physical activity.
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Boitet R, de Gaalon S, Ducros A. Sindrome da vasocostrizione cerebrale reversibile. Neurologia 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1634-7072(21)45780-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Jin S, Yang Q, Chen X, Zhan Y. Etiologies and Mechanisms of Ischemic Stroke Associated with Sexual Intercourse: A Literature Review. Cerebrovasc Dis 2021; 51:273-281. [PMID: 34649242 DOI: 10.1159/000519262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to some special events, also called stroke triggers, can precipitate the onset of ischemic stroke (IS). Previous studies have presented preliminary hypotheses about sexual intercourse as a trigger of IS in predisposed individuals, but the mechanisms of IS associated with sexual intercourse are still not well defined. This literature review summarizes the etiologies and mechanisms of IS associated with sexual intercourse. Further studies on stroke triggers are warranted, and early recognition and appropriate preventive strategies directed against the short-term risks posed by stroke triggers may complement the long-term risk factor reduction approach. METHODS Articles were selected from PubMed (1946-2021) and Web of Science Core Collection (1990-2021) using the following search terms: ischemic stroke, ischaemic stroke, stroke, cerebral infarction, cerebral ischemia, cerebral embolism, embolism, sexual intercourse, sexual activity, intercourse, coitus, coition, and coital. RESULTS A total of 20 studies, which included 26 patients with IS associated with sexual intercourse, were included. This literature review found that IS associated with sexual intercourse is not rare but has not received enough attention, and paradoxical embolization and postcoital arterial dissection are common etiologies. Other etiologies include drug usage (such as sexual adjuvant drugs and illicit drugs), paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity, and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Sexual intercourse should be considered an important trigger for IS. Clinicians should be aware that IS associated with sexual intercourse is not subjective but may be a warning sign of multiple etiologies and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouyue Jin
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, China,
| | - Qingwei Yang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yajing Zhan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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Lin PT, Wang YF, Fuh JL, Lirng JF, Ling YH, Chen SP, Wang SJ. Diagnosis and classification of headache associated with sexual activity using a composite algorithm: A cohort study. Cephalalgia 2021; 41:1447-1457. [PMID: 34275353 DOI: 10.1177/03331024211028965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To differentiate primary headache associated with sexual activity from other devastating secondary causes. METHODS In this prospective cohort, we recruited consecutive patients with at least 2 attacks of headache associated with sexual activity from the headache clinics or emergency department of a national medical center from 2005 to 2020. Detailed interview, neurological examination, and serial thorough neuroimaging including brain magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography scans were performed on registration and during follow-ups. Patients were categorized into four groups, i.e. primary headache associated with sexual activity, reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, probable reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, and other secondary headache associated with sexual activity through a composite clinic-radiological diagnostic algorithm. We compared the clinical profiles among these groups, including sex, age of onset, duration, quality, and clinical course ("chronic" indicates disease course ≥ 1 year). In addition, we also calculated the score of the reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome2, a scale developed to differentiate reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome from other intracranial vascular disorders. RESULTS Overall, 245 patients with headache associated with sexual activity were enrolled. Our clinic-radiologic composite algorithm diagnosed and classified all patients into four groups, including 38 (15.5%) with primary headache associated with sexual activity, 174 (71.0%) with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, 26 (10.6%) with probable reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, and 7 (2.9%) with other secondary causes (aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (n = 4), right internal carotid artery dissection (n = 1), Moyamoya disease (n = 1), and meningioma with hemorrhage (n = 1)). These four groups shared similar clinical profiles, except 26% of the patients with primary headache associated with sexual activity had a 3 times greater chance of running a chronic course (≥ 1 year) than patients with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. Of note, the reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome2 score could not differentiate reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome from other groups. CONCLUSION Our composite clinic-radiological diagnostic algorithm successfully classified repeated headaches associated with sexual activity, which were predominantly secondary and related to vascular disorders, and predicted the prognosis. Primary headache associated with sexual activity and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome presented with repeated attacks of headache associated with sexual activity may be of the same disease spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Tso Lin
- Department of Neurology, 46615Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Feng Wang
- Department of Neurology, 46615Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Ling Fuh
- Department of Neurology, 46615Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiing-Feng Lirng
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Radiology, 46615Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Ling
- Department of Neurology, 46615Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Pin Chen
- Department of Neurology, 46615Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Translational Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shuu-Jiun Wang
- Department of Neurology, 46615Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Ravishankar K. Uncommon (Group 4.0) Primary Headaches: Less Familiarity and More Missed Diagnosis. Neurol India 2021; 69:S168-S172. [PMID: 34003162 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.315979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Other primary headaches make up group 4.0 of the International Classification of Headache Disorders third edition (ICHD-3). This group includes a clinically varied group of headache entities whose pathophysiology is not well understood and whose treatments are based on open-label reports. Objective To review and update the uncommon primary headaches included under group 4.0 in ICHD-3. Methods We reviewed the headache disorders listed under group 4.0 of ICHD-3 for the clinical features, diagnostic criteria, and management, and described recent updates of these relatively rare disorders. Results The entities included in this group have a characteristic presentation in practice. Some of them are activity-related and can be provoked by Valsalva maneuver (primary cough headache), some by prolonged exercise (primary exercise headache), and some by sexual excitation (primary headache associated with sexual activity); primary thunderclap headache has also been included here because all the above-listed entities can sometimes present in thunderclap fashion too. Two of the entities in this group 4.0 are linked to direct physical stimuli viz. cold stimulus headache and external pressure headache. Also included in this group are primary stabbing headaches and nummular headaches that are presumed to be due to the involvement of the terminal branches of the sensory nerves supplying the scalp and are, therefore, termed "epicranial headaches." Hypnic headache syndrome and new daily persistent headache are included here as "miscellaneous headaches" because we still do not know enough about their causation. Conclusion The headache disorders included under group 4.0 in ICHD-3 are uncommon, heterogeneous entities, which may pose diagnostic and management challenges to the physicians. The diagnosis may be missed owing to a lack of familiarity.
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Abstract
PURPOSE This article provides an overview of a diverse group of primary headache disorders that are categorized in the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd Edition (ICHD-3), as "other primary headache disorders." This article provides clinicians with a distilled understanding of the diagnoses and their epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management. RECENT FINDINGS Cough-induced headache requires neuroimaging to exclude posterior fossa pathology and recently has been reported as a common symptom in patients with CSF-venous fistula. Clinical overlap is observed between patients with primary exercise headache and primary headache associated with sexual activity. Patients with recurrent thunderclap headache associated with sexual activity should be presumed to have reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome until proven otherwise. De novo external-pressure headache is a common sequela among health care workers using personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic. New daily persistent headache is an important mimicker of chronic migraine or chronic tension-type headache and is distinguished by a daily-from-onset progression of persistent headache; a treatment-refractory course is often observed, and early involvement of a multidisciplinary team, including a psychotherapist, is advised. SUMMARY Patients with primary headache disorders that are classified as "other primary headache disorders" have presentations with unique diagnostic and management considerations. The disorders are highly recognizable, and an appreciation of the diagnoses will aid clinicians in providing safe and effective care for patients presenting with headache.
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Patel J, Rothner DA. Primary Headache Associated with Sexual Activity in Adolescents: Illustrative Cases. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1721827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPrimary headache associated with sexual activity (PHASA) is well described in adults, but reports in adolescents are lacking. PHASA is likely underreported in adolescents. A delay in or an absence of timely and adequate treatment has the potential to negatively impact normal adolescent psychosexual development. Physicians should consider this disorder in adolescents presenting with headaches, and understand the characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment. We reported two cases of PHASA in adolescents and review the epidemiology, presentation, and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinal Patel
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Rothner
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
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Ari BC, Mayda Domac F, Ulutas S. Primary headache associated with sexual activity: A case series of 13 patients. J Clin Neurosci 2020; 79:51-53. [PMID: 33070917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2020.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Primary headache associated with sexual activity is an infrequent kind of headache mostly seen in the male gender and initiates during the third decade. Although the pathophysiology is still unknown, it is a benign type of headache and must be reminded of the differential diagnosis of the secondary headache. Thirteen patients were diagnosed and assessed by their clinical and demographic data. The mean age was 37.07 ± 7.67. Headache was usually localized at the bilateral occipital area or diffuse, starting with a severe ache and sudden explosive intensity in association with pre orgasm in eight patients and orgasm in five patients with a mean VAS score of 7.8 ± 1.2. The mean duration was 21.53 ± 15.32 min. Five patients had a history of migraine, three had arterial hypertension, and two were diagnosed as primary thunderclap headache with sudden beginning and high-intensity ache. Herein, we present our cases to highlight the importance of differential diagnosis. Patients may have difficulty explaining the problem; therefore, their sexual activity could be limited. Apart from pharmacological prevention, counseling plays an essential role in managing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buse Cagla Ari
- University of Health Sciences, Erenkoy Mental Health and Neurological Disorders Research and Training Hospital, Neurology Department, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Fusun Mayda Domac
- University of Health Sciences, Erenkoy Mental Health and Neurological Disorders Research and Training Hospital, Neurology Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Samiye Ulutas
- University of Health Sciences, Erenkoy Mental Health and Neurological Disorders Research and Training Hospital, Neurology Department, Istanbul, Turkey
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Whitehead MT, Cardenas AM, Corey AS, Policeni B, Burns J, Chakraborty S, Crowley RW, Jabbour P, Ledbetter LN, Lee RK, Pannell JS, Pollock JM, Powers WJ, Setzen G, Shih RY, Subramaniam RM, Utukuri PS, Bykowski J. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Headache. J Am Coll Radiol 2020; 16:S364-S377. [PMID: 31685104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2019.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Headache is one of the most common human afflictions. In most cases, headaches are benign and idiopathic, and resolve spontaneously or with minor therapeutic measures. Imaging is not required for many types of headaches. However, patients presenting with headaches in the setting of "red flags" such as head trauma, cancer, immunocompromised state, pregnancy, patients 50 years or older, related to activity or position, or with a corresponding neurological deficit, may benefit from CT, MRI, or noninvasive vascular imaging to identify a treatable cause. This publication addresses the initial imaging strategies for headaches associated with the following features: severe and sudden onset, optic disc edema, "red flags," migraine or tension-type, trigeminal autonomic origin, and chronic headaches with and without new or progressive features. The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed annually by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and revision include an extensive analysis of current medical literature from peer reviewed journals and the application of well-established methodologies (RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation or GRADE) to rate the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures for specific clinical scenarios. In those instances where evidence is lacking or equivocal, expert opinion may supplement the available evidence to recommend imaging or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amanda S Corey
- Panel Chair, Atlanta VA Health Care System and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Bruno Policeni
- Panel Vice-Chair, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | - Santanu Chakraborty
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute and the Department of Radiology, The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Canadian Association of Radiologists
| | - R Webster Crowley
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, Neurosurgery expert
| | - Pascal Jabbour
- Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Neurosurgery expert
| | | | - Ryan K Lee
- Einstein Healthcare Network, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeffrey S Pannell
- University of California San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, California
| | | | - William J Powers
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, American Academy of Neurology
| | - Gavin Setzen
- Albany ENT & Allergy Services, PC, Albany, New York, American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
| | - Robert Y Shih
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | - Julie Bykowski
- Specialty Chair, University of California San Diego Health Center, San Diego, California
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Pantoja-Ruiz C, Ricaurte-Fajardo A, Ocampo-Navia MI, Coral-Casas J. Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome Associated with a Suprarenal Mass. Prague Med Rep 2020; 121:107-113. [PMID: 32553094 DOI: 10.14712/23362936.2020.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is characterised by severe thunderclap headaches (with or without the presence of acute neurological symptoms) and segmental vasoconstriction of cerebral arteries that resolves spontaneously in a period of three months. Cases have been described in the literature with producing and non-producing masses of metanephrines. Within these reports, associations with cavernous haemangioma, medulloblastoma, colon cancer, paraganglioma, pheochromocytoma, uterine fibroids, among others were found. However, no association with adrenal masses which do not produce metanephrines was found. In this context, we reported the case of a woman with this type of tumour associated with RCVS which provided a treatment challenge, as well as we reviewed the literature on cases of RCVS associated with masses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Pantoja-Ruiz
- Neuroscience Department, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | | | | | - Juliana Coral-Casas
- Neuroscience Department, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
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Basilar artery thrombosis during sexual intercourse. J Clin Neurosci 2020; 74:238-240. [PMID: 31982277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2020.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An ischemic stroke during sexual intercourse is very rare. A basilar artery thrombosis during sexual intercourse has not been described previously. We report a young woman with a life-threatening basilar artery thrombosis during sexual intercourse, with a resulting locked-in syndrome. The positive high intensity transient signals (HITS) diagnosis showed a right-to-left shunt and is in line with paradoxic embolism. The molecular genetics revealed a homozygosity 4G/4G in the region PAI1, -675 (promoter polymorphism) as a risk factor for ischemic stroke. Sexual intercourse is a possible, albeit unusual stroke cause, especially in young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wen Yang
- Department of Neurology, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Ilan, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Ling Fuh
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Unusual headache disorders are less commonly discussed and may be misdiagnosed. These headache disorders frequently have a benign natural history; however, without reassurance, therapeutic education, and treatment, they can negatively affect the health and function of patients. RECENT FINDINGS This article reviews the clinical features, diagnosis, workup, and proposed treatments for several unusual headache disorders including primary cough headache, primary headache associated with sexual activity, primary exercise headache, cold-stimulus headache, primary stabbing headache, nummular headache, hypnic headache, and headache attributed to travel in space. Exploding head syndrome is also discussed, which is a sleep disorder commonly confused with a headache disorder. SUMMARY Unusual headache disorders are usually benign, yet without the correct diagnosis can be very worrisome for many patients. Through greater awareness of these headache disorders, neurologists can evaluate and effectively manage unusual headache disorders, which offers significant benefits to patients and practice satisfaction to neurologists.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Paroxysmal neurological symptoms occurring with sex cause considerable anxiety and sometimes have a serious cause. Thunderclap headache is the most well-known and requires urgent investigation at first presentation for subarachnoid haemorrhage and other significant pathologies. After exclusion of underlying causes, many prove to be primary headache associated with sexual activity. Orgasmic migraine aura without headache is not currently recognised as a clinical entity. CASE REPORTS We report two patients with acephalgic orgasmic neurological symptoms fulfilling the criteria for migraine aura. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of acephalgic orgasmic migraine aura is unknown. It should be considered as part of the differential of paroxysmal sex-related neurological symptoms, and clinically differentiated from fixed deficits, reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome and post-orgasmic illness syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Angus-Leppan
- 1 Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,2 University College London, London, UK.,3 Centre for Research in Public Health and Community Care, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
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18
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Demarquay G, Giraud P. Cefalee primarie non emicraniche. Neurologia 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1634-7072(18)41287-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Cappelen-Smith C, Calic Z, Cordato D. Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome: Recognition and Treatment. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2017; 19:21. [DOI: 10.1007/s11940-017-0460-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Hiraga A, Aotsuka Y, Koide K, Kuwabara S. Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome precipitated by airplane descent: Case report. Cephalalgia 2016; 37:1102-1105. [PMID: 27521842 DOI: 10.1177/0333102416665226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is characterized by segmental vasospasm. Vasoactive agents and childbirth have been reported as precipitating factors for RCVS; however, RCVS induced by altitude change or air travel has rarely been reported. Case We present a case of a 74-year-old woman who presented with thunderclap headache during airplane descent. Magnetic resonance angiography demonstrated segmental vasoconstriction that improved 9 days after onset. Conclusion These findings indicate that airplane descent may be a trigger of RCVS. The time course of headache in the present case was similar to that of prolonged headache attributed to airplane travel, indicating that RCVS during air travel may have previously been overlooked and that some headache attributed to airplane travel cases may represent a milder form of RCVS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiyuki Hiraga
- 1 Department of Neurology, Chiba Rosai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuya Aotsuka
- 1 Department of Neurology, Chiba Rosai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Koide
- 1 Department of Neurology, Chiba Rosai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kuwabara
- 2 Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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21
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Wolff V, Ducros A. Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome Without Typical Thunderclap Headache. Headache 2016; 56:674-87. [DOI: 10.1111/head.12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Wolff
- Department of Neurology; Stroke Unit, Strasbourg University Hospital; Strasbourg France
- EA3072, Federation of Translational Medicine of Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg; Strasbourg France
| | - Anne Ducros
- Department of Neurology; Montpellier University Hospital; Montpellier France
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22
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Ducros A, Wolff V. The Typical Thunderclap Headache of Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome and its Various Triggers. Headache 2016; 56:657-73. [DOI: 10.1111/head.12797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Ducros
- Department of Neurology; Montpellier University Hospital, and Montpellier University; Montpellier France (A. Ducros)
| | - Valérie Wolff
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology; Strasbourg University Hospital; Strasbourg France (V. Wolff)
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Abstract
Strokes are the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability worldwide. Thanks in part to better and more available diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation, the vast majority of stroke patients tend to survive strokes, particularly in the industrialized world. Motor disability and cognitive changes such as aphasia and visuospatial disorders are most often considered among the major contributors to stroke burden. This chapter discusses disorders of sexual functions as another frequent sequel of strokes. Strokes generally induce hyposexuality, but in some instances they may be followed by hypersexuality. There is some evidence suggesting that lesions of either hemisphere affect sexual activities, but for different reasons: aphasia and depression after left-hemisphere lesions, a deficit in arousal and perhaps visuospatial disorders after right-hemisphere lesions. Psychologic, psychosocial, and physical factors, as well as medications, play an important role. A better understanding of the psychosocial and physiologic mechanisms underlying sexual functioning can provide insight into improving sexual activity and therefore quality of life in patients affected by strokes and other brain lesions.
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Abstract
Indomethacin-responsive headaches are a heterogeneous group of primary headache disorders distinguished by their swift and often absolute response to indomethacin. The epidemiology of these conditions is incompletely defined. Traditionally, indomethacin-responsive headaches include a subset of trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (paroxysmal hemicrania and hemicrania continua), Valsalva-induced headaches (cough headache, exercise headache, and sex headache), primary stabbing headache, and hypnic headache. These headache syndromes differ in extent of response to indomethacin, clinical features, and differential diagnoses. Neuroimaging is recommended to investigate for various organic causes that may mimic these headaches. Case reports of other primary headache disorders that also respond to indomethacin, such as cluster headache, nummular headache, and ophthalmoplegic migraine, have been described. These "novel" indomethacin-responsive headaches beg the question of what headache characteristics are required to qualify a headache as an indomethacin-responsive headache. Furthermore, they challenge the concept of using a therapeutic intervention as a diagnostic criterion.
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25
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Calic Z, Cappelen-Smith C, Zagami AS. Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. Intern Med J 2015; 45:599-608. [DOI: 10.1111/imj.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z. Calic
- Institute of Neurological Sciences; Prince of Wales Hospital; Sydney Australia
- Prince of Wales Clinical School; University of New South Wales; Sydney Australia
| | - C. Cappelen-Smith
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology; Liverpool Hospital; Sydney New South Wales Australia
- South Western Clinical School; University of New South Wales; Sydney Australia
| | - A. S. Zagami
- Institute of Neurological Sciences; Prince of Wales Hospital; Sydney Australia
- Prince of Wales Clinical School; University of New South Wales; Sydney Australia
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26
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Devenney E, Neale H, Forbes RB. A systematic review of causes of sudden and severe headache (Thunderclap Headache): should lists be evidence based? J Headache Pain 2014; 15:49. [PMID: 25123846 PMCID: PMC4231167 DOI: 10.1186/1129-2377-15-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There are many potential causes of sudden and severe headache (thunderclap headache), the most important of which is aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Published academic reviews report a wide range of causes. We sought to create a definitive list of causes, other than aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage, using a systematic review. Methods Systematic Review of EMBASE and MEDLINE databases using pre-defined search criteria up to September 2009. We extracted data from any original research paper or case report describing a case of someone presenting with a sudden and severe headache, and summarized the published causes. Results Our search identified over 21,000 titles, of which 1224 articles were scrutinized in full. 213 articles described 2345 people with sudden and severe headache, and we identified 6 English language academic review articles. A total of 119 causes were identified, of which 46 (38%) were not mentioned in published academic review articles. Using capture-recapture analysis, we estimate that our search was 98% complete. There is only one population-based estimate of the incidence of sudden and severe headache at 43 cases per 100,000. In cohort studies, the most common causes identified were primary headaches or headaches of uncertain cause. Vasoconstriction syndromes are commonly mentioned in case reports or case series. The most common cause not mentioned in academic reviews was pneumocephalus. 70 non-English language articles were identified but these did not contain additional causes. Conclusions There are over 100 different published causes of sudden and severe headache, other than aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. We have now made a definitive list of causes for future reference which we intend to maintain. There is a need for an up to date population based description of cause of sudden and severe headache as the modern epidemiology of thunderclap headache may require updating in the light of research on cerebral vasoconstriction syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raeburn B Forbes
- Department of Neurology and Medical Library, Craigavon Area Hospital, Southern HSC Trust, County Armagh, Northern Ireland BT63 5QQ, UK.
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27
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Chia NH, Kleinig TJ. Verapamil-responsive coital cephalalgia as reversible cerebral vasoconstriction prodrome. J Neurol 2014; 261:1641-3. [PMID: 24957297 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-014-7417-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas H Chia
- The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 28 Woodville Road, Woodville South, SA, 5011, Australia,
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28
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Cheng YC, Kuo KH, Lai TH. A common cause of sudden and thunderclap headaches: reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. J Headache Pain 2014; 15:13. [PMID: 24580731 PMCID: PMC3973996 DOI: 10.1186/1129-2377-15-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Thunderclap headache (TCH) is a sudden headache (SH) with accepted criteria of severe intensity and onset to peak within one minute. It is a well-known presentation for subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) but most patients with TCH or SH run a benign course without identifiable causes. Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS), a recently recognized syndrome characterized by recurrent TCH attacks, has been proposed to account for most of these patients. Methods We recruited consecutive patients presenting with SH at our headache clinic. Computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging with angiography were performed to exclude structural causes and to identify vasoconstriction. Catheter angiography and lumbar puncture were performed with patients consent. Reversibility of vasoconstriction was confirmed by follow-up study. Results From July 2010 to June 2013, 31 patients with SH were recruited. Twenty-four (72.7%) of these SH patients exhibited headache fulfilling the TCH criteria. The diagnosis of RCVS was confirmed in 14 (45.2%) of patients with SH and 11 (45.8%) of patients with TCH. Other diagnoses were as follows: primary headaches (SH: 41.9%, TCH: 45.8%) and other secondary causes (SH: 12.9%, TCH: 8.3%). Compared with non-RCVS patients, patients with RCVS were older (50.8 ± 9.3 years vs. 40.8 ± 10.0 years, P = 0.006) and less likely to experience short headache duration of < 1 hour (23.1% vs. 78.6%, P = 0.007). Patients with RCVS were more likely to cite bathing (42.9% vs. 0%, P = 0.004) and less likely to cite exertion (0% vs. 29.4%, P = 0.048) as headache triggers. Conclusions Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome is a common cause of SH and TCH. Considering the potential mortality and morbidity of RCVS, systemic examination of cerebral vessels should be performed in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tzu-Hsien Lai
- Section of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, No, 21, Sec, 2, Nanya S, Rd,, Ban-Chiao Dist,, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan.
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29
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Abstract
Cough, exercise, and sex headaches are underrecognized distinct but related syndromes, triggered by rapid rises in intra-abdominal pressure. All may occur as a manifestation of a possible underlying, symptomatic etiology, and additional diagnostics should typically be pursued to rule out serious causes. Cough headaches may be more common in certain subgroups or settings. Based on recent epidemiologic data, exercise-related headache may be more common than previously thought. There is no evidence that different pain types in sexual headaches are distinct from a pathophysiologic standpoint. Each of these headache syndromes is reported to be responsive to indomethacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Michael Cutrer
- Headache Section, Department of Neurology, Mayo Medical School, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Justin DeLange
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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30
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Abstract
Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome is characterized by severe headaches with or without focal neurologic deficits and/or seizures, and segmental constriction of cerebral arteries that resolves within 3 months. This increasingly recognized syndrome is supposedly due to a transient disturbance in the control of cerebral vascular tone with sympathetic overactivity. It can cause stroke in the young. It affects mainly middle-aged women. More than half the cases occur after exposure to vasoactive substances or during postpartum. The manifestations have a monophasic course, without new clinical symptom after 4 weeks, and range from pure cephalalgic forms with recurrent thunderclap headaches over 1-2 weeks to rare catastrophic forms with multiple hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes, brain edema and death. Diagnosis may be hampered by the dynamic nature of clinicoradiological features. Convexity subarachnoid hemorrhage or stroke may occur a few days after initial normal imaging, and cerebral vasoconstriction is maximal on angiography 2-3 weeks after clinical onset. Symptomatic treatment includes rest and removal of vasoactive substances. Nimodipine has been proposed to reduce thunderclap headaches within 48 hours, but has no proven effect on the hemorrhagic and ischemic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Ducros
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France.
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31
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Calabrò RS, Pezzini A, Casella C, Bramanti P, Triolo O. Ischaemic stroke provoked by sexual intercourse. J Clin Neurosci 2013; 20:1316-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2012.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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32
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Abstract
Diagnostically, headache is the easy part of migraine. It is the surrounds of migraine--the aura, prodrome and postdrome--that can be most challenging, and confused with other pathologies. This article examines the definition and variants of migraine; alternative diagnoses for which migraine may be mistaken (mimics); conditions that lie between migraine and other diagnoses (borderlands) and the possible presentations of migraine posing as other conditions (chameleons). The focus is on adults, with only passing reference to children. Migraine is more often a chameleon than a mimic; and it is the careful history that usually makes the distinction. Given migraine's prevalence of 10-15%, relatively uncommon features of migraine occur quite often, in comparison with frequent manifestations of less common diseases. Thus, even rare or under-recognised presentations of migraine come into the differential diagnosis of many presentations.
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33
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Lehman VT, Doolittle DA, Hunt CH, Eckel LJ, Black DF, Schwartz KM, Diehn FE. Intracranial imaging of uncommon diseases is more frequently reported in clinical publications than in radiology publications. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2013; 35:45-8. [PMID: 23828110 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Descriptions of uncommon diseases with intracranial imaging abnormalities are often difficult to find in the radiology literature. We hypothesized that reported imaging findings of such conditions in the recent literature were more frequent in clinical compared with radiology journals. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed searches from December 1, 2007 to December 1, 2012 were performed for 5 uncommon CNS diseases with intracranial imaging manifestations: 1) Susac syndrome; 2) amyloid β-related angiitis; 3) Parry-Romberg syndrome/en coup de sabre; 4) transient lesion of the splenium of the corpus callosum; and 5) reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. Articles were classified as a case report, case series, or original research. Journals were categorized as radiology or clinical. The 1- and 5-year Impact Factors of the journals were recorded. RESULTS Two hundred two articles were identified for the 5 diseases, including 151 (74%) case reports, 26 case series (13%), and 25 original research articles (13%); 179 (89%) were published in nonradiology journals, compared with 23 (11%) in radiology journals. There was no significant difference between the mean 1- and 5-year Impact Factors of the radiology and clinical journals. CONCLUSIONS Recent reports of the selected uncommon diseases with intracranial manifestations are more frequent in clinical journals when compared with dedicated radiology publications. Most publications are case reports. Radiologists should review both radiology and clinical journals when reviewing imaging features of uncommon diseases affecting the brain. Lack of reporting on such disease in the radiology literature may have significant practice, educational, and research implications for the radiology community.
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Affiliation(s)
- V T Lehman
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Graduate Medical Education, Rochester, Minnesota
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34
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Abstract
When deciding to perform imaging for headache, it is important to consider many factors including the pretest probability, prevalence of diseases, sensitivity of imaging, and implications for treatment. For the first presentation of a headache or a change in headache pattern, if the characteristics do not perfectly fit a primary headache type, imaging may be indicated according to the ICHD-2 criteria to exclude a secondary cause before a primary headache is diagnosed. The value of negative imaging should not be underestimated in the cost-benefit analysis, which often only takes into account number needed to treat or likelihood of finding a significant treatable abnormality. One study has shown that some groups of patients are less likely to overuse other parts of the health care system after negative neuroimaging. Further studies with stronger methodologies, finer differentiation of acute and chronic headache presentations, more advanced imaging technology, among other factors, can improve decision making on when to use imaging and assess the impact of imaging on patient satisfaction and quality of life. In addition, functional MRI, MRS, and voxel-based morphometry MRI are only some of the neuroimaging techniques currently used in research to further understand the pathophysiology and mechanisms of headache. In conclusion, although most headaches are a primary headache disorder with a benign course, imaging is an important part of the diagnostic evaluation to exclude the presence of a secondary cause of headache that could cause fatal results or severe neurologic morbidity. In headache patients without focal neurologic examination abnormalities, the yield of neuroimaging for significant intracranial findings is generally low. However, specific subgroups of headache patients and headache presentations can have much higher rates of significant intracranial abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malisa S Lester
- Section of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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35
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Hambach A, Evers S, Summ O, Husstedt IW, Frese A. The impact of sexual activity on idiopathic headaches: an observational study. Cephalalgia 2013; 33:384-9. [PMID: 23430983 DOI: 10.1177/0333102413476374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Headache associated with sexual activity is a well-known primary headache disorder. In contrast, some case reports in the literature suggest that sexual activity during a migraine or cluster headache attack might relieve the pain in at least some patients. We performed an observational study among patients of a tertiary headache clinic. METHODS A questionnaire was sent to 800 unselected migraine patients and 200 unselected cluster headache patients. We asked for experience with sexual activity during a headache attack and its impact on headache intensity. The survey was strictly and completely anonymous. RESULTS In total, 38% of the migraine patients and 48% of the patients with cluster headache responded. In migraine, 34% of the patients had experience with sexual activity during an attack; out of these patients, 60% reported an improvement of their migraine attack (70% of them reported moderate to complete relief) and 33% reported worsening. In cluster headache, 31% of the patients had experience with sexual activity during an attack; out of these patients, 37% reported an improvement of their cluster headache attack (91% of them reported moderate to complete relief) and 50% reported worsening. Some patients, in particular male migraine patients, even used sexual activity as a therapeutic tool. CONCLUSIONS The majority of patients with migraine or cluster headache do not have sexual activity during headache attacks. Our data suggest, however, that sexual activity can lead to partial or complete relief of headache in some migraine and a few cluster headache patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Hambach
- Department of Neurology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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36
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Utku U. Primary headache associated with sexual activity: case report. Med Princ Pract 2013; 22:588-9. [PMID: 23652575 PMCID: PMC5586787 DOI: 10.1159/000350415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To present a rare case of primary headache associated with sexual activity. CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND INTERVENTION A 48-year-old man presented with a severe headache during sexual intercourse, particularly at the time of orgasm. A diagnosis of type 2 primary headache associated with sexual activity was made, and he was started on indomethacin 25 mg to be taken 30 min before intercourse and propranolol 40 mg twice a day, following which he noted a dramatic improvement within in a week. CONCLUSIONS The case highlights the importance of paying attention to the differential diagnosis. For this patient, prophylactic treatment with beta-blockers and/or preemptive therapy with indomethacin was successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uygar Utku
- *Uygar Utku, MD, Specialist in Neurology, Neurology Clinic, Kahramanmaras Necip Fazil City Hospital, TR-46100 Kahramanmaras (Turkey), E-Mail
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37
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Abstract
Recurrent thunderclap headaches, seizures, strokes, and non-aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage can all reveal reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. This increasingly recognised syndrome is characterised by severe headaches, with or without other symptoms, and segmental constriction of cerebral arteries that resolves within 3 months. Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome is supposedly due to a transient disturbance in the control of cerebrovascular tone. More than half the cases occur post partum or after exposure to adrenergic or serotonergic drugs. Manifestations have a uniphasic course, and vary from pure cephalalgic forms to rare catastrophic forms associated with several haemorrhagic and ischaemic strokes, brain oedema, and death. Diagnosis can be hampered by the dynamic nature of clinicoradiological features. Stroke can occur a few days after initial normal imaging, and cerebral vasoconstriction is at a maximum on angiograms 2-3 weeks after clinical onset. The calcium channel blocker nimodipine seems to reduce thunderclap headaches within 48 h of administration, but has no proven effect on haemorrhagic and ischaemic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Ducros
- Emergency Headache Centre, Head and Neck Clinic, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France.
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38
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Göbel A, Heinze A, Göbel H. [Different headache forms of chapter 4 of the International Headache Classification]. Schmerz 2012. [PMID: 23183994 DOI: 10.1007/s00482-012-1264-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Chapter 4 of the International Classification of Headaches contains a group of clinically very heterogeneous primary headache forms. Little is known about the pathogenesis of these headache types and therapy is usually based on isolated case reports and uncontrolled studies. The forms include primary stabbing headache, primary cough headache, primary exertional headache, primary headache associated with sexual activity, hypnic headache, primary thunderclap headache, hemicrania continua and the new daily persistent headache. Some of these headache forms may be of a symptomatic nature and require careful examination, imaging and further tests. Primary and secondary headache forms must be carefully distinguished.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Göbel
- Schmerzklinik Kiel, Heikendorfer Weg 9-27, 24149, Kiel, Deutschland
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39
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Primary cough headache, primary exertional headache, and primary headache associated with sexual activity: a clinical and radiological study. Neuroradiology 2012; 55:297-305. [DOI: 10.1007/s00234-012-1110-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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41
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Abstract
Primary headache associated with sexual activity is a rare headache disorder that has only been reported twice previously in adolescents. Although it can mimic life-threatening causes of thunderclap-onset headache, primary sex headache is benign, self-limited, and highly responsive to indomethacin. Given the sensitive nature of sexual development in adolescents, it is important that pediatric providers know when to ask about this symptom and how to proceed with diagnostics and therapy when it arises. We report 2 new adolescent cases and review the semiology, epidemiology, and treatment of primary sex headache.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy A. Gelfand
- Division of Child Neurology and,Headache Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Peter J. Goadsby
- Headache Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California
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42
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Bandini F, Arena E, Mauro G. Pre-orgasmic sexual headache responsive to topiramate: a case report. Cephalalgia 2012; 32:797-8. [PMID: 22711899 DOI: 10.1177/0333102412452046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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43
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Palma JA, Fontes-Villalba A, Irimia P, Garcia-Eulate R, Martinez-Vila E. Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome induced by adrenaline. Cephalalgia 2012; 32:500-4. [PMID: 22623754 DOI: 10.1177/0333102412444011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is characterized by acute severe thunderclap headaches and evidence of multifocal, segmental, reversible vasoconstrictions of the cerebral arteries. Several precipitating factors have been identified and reported, including the use of recreational substances or sympathomimetic drugs and the postpartum state. CASE DESCRIPTION Here we present the case of a woman who developed RCVS after the administration of adrenaline (epinephrine) in the setting of an anaphylactic reaction during antibiotic allergy testing. DISCUSSION To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of RCVS following the administration of exogenous adrenaline. This case contributes to the understanding of the physiopathological mechanisms underlying reversible cerebral vasoconstriction.
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44
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Chen SP, Fuh JL, Wang SJ. Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome: current and future perspectives. Expert Rev Neurother 2012; 11:1265-76. [PMID: 21864073 DOI: 10.1586/ern.11.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndromes (RCVS) are characterized by recurrent acute severe headaches, namely thunderclap headaches, and multifocal segmental vasoconstrictions. Interest has arisen in the definitions, clinical presentations, differential diagnoses, risk factors and complications of RCVS. This article will comprehensively review the milestone monographs and the latest research work addressing these issues. Studies that have focused on the relationship between RCVS and thunderclap headache will be detailed. We will also discuss research on the enigmatic pathophysiology and potential therapeutic approaches. Up-to-date information and challenges, undergoing studies and future research directions will be deeply probed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Pin Chen
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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45
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Ferrante E, Tassorelli C, Rossi P, Lisotto C, Nappi G. Focus on the management of thunderclap headache: from nosography to treatment. J Headache Pain 2011; 12:251-8. [PMID: 21331755 PMCID: PMC3072477 DOI: 10.1007/s10194-011-0302-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Thunderclap headache (TCH) is an excruciating headache characterized by a very sudden onset. Recognition and accurate diagnosis of TCH are important in order to rule out the various, serious underlying brain disorders that, in a high percentage of cases, are the real cause of the headache. Primary TCH, which may recur intermittently and generally has a spontaneous, benign evolution, can thus be diagnosed only when all other potential underlying causes have been excluded through accurate diagnostic work up. In this review, we focus on the management of TCH, paying particular attention to the diagnostic work up and treatment of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ferrante
- Headache Centre, Neurosciences Department, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
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