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Azevedo J, Moreira-Silva I, Seixas A, Fonseca P, Oliveira J, Vilas-Boas JP. The Effect of Muscle Fatigue on the Knee Proprioception: A Systematic Review. J Mot Behav 2024:1-33. [PMID: 38810655 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2024.2341753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to systematically review and summarise the evidence about the effect of muscle fatigue on the knee proprioception of trained and non-trained individuals. A search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and EBSCO databases and Google Scholar was conducted using the expression: "fatigue" AND ("proprioception" OR "position sense" OR "repositioning" OR "kinesthesia" OR "detection of passive motion" OR "force sense" OR "sense of resistance") AND "knee". Forty-two studies were included. Regarding joint-position sense, higher repositioning errors were reported after local and general protocols. Kinesthesia seems to be more affected when fatigue is induced locally, and force sense when assessed at higher target forces and after eccentric protocols. Muscle fatigue, both induced locally or generally, has a negative impact on the knee proprioception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Azevedo
- FP-I3ID, FP-BHS, Escola Superior de Saúde Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP-UP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Moreira-Silva
- FP-I3ID, FP-BHS, Escola Superior de Saúde Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure-CIAFEL, Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Adérito Seixas
- FP-I3ID, FP-BHS, Escola Superior de Saúde Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
- LABIOMEP, INEGI-LAETA, Faculdade de Desporto, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Fonseca
- Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP-UP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Oliveira
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure-CIAFEL, Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Vilas-Boas
- Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP-UP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation, and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Cardenas A, Nikolopoulos M, Musselman K, Fehlings D. The effect of stationary rehabilitative cycling after lower extremity musculoskeletal surgical procedures on gross motor related activities of daily living, lower extremity pain and body structure and function outcomes: a systematic review. PHYSICAL THERAPY REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10833196.2020.1833275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Analyssa Cardenas
- Department of Paediatrics, Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marina Nikolopoulos
- Department of Paediatrics, Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kristin Musselman
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Darcy Fehlings
- Department of Paediatrics, Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Forman DA, Forman GN, Mugnosso M, Zenzeri J, Murphy B, Holmes MWR. Sustained Isometric Wrist Flexion and Extension Maximal Voluntary Contractions Similarly Impair Hand-Tracking Accuracy in Young Adults Using a Wrist Robot. Front Sports Act Living 2020; 2:53. [PMID: 33345044 PMCID: PMC7739644 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2020.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their stabilizing role, the wrist extensor muscles demonstrate an earlier onset of performance fatigability and may impair movement accuracy more than the wrist flexors. However, minimal fatigue research has been conducted at the wrist. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine how sustained isometric contractions of the wrist extensors/flexors influence hand-tracking accuracy. While gripping the handle of a three-degrees-of-freedom wrist manipulandum, 12 male participants tracked a 2:3 Lissajous curve (±32° wrist flexion/extension; ±18° radial/ulnar deviation). A blue, circular target moved about the trajectory and participants tracked the target with a yellow circle (corresponding to the handle's position). Five baseline tracking trials were performed prior to the fatiguing task. Participants then exerted either maximal wrist extension or flexion force (performed on separate days) against a force transducer until they were unable to maintain 25% of their pre-fatigue maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). Participants then performed 7 tracking trials from immediately post-fatigue to 10 min after. Performance fatigability was assessed using various metrics to account for errors in position-tracking, error tendencies, and movement smoothness. While there were no differences in tracking error between flexion/extension sessions, tracking error significantly increased immediately post-fatigue (Baseline: 1.40 ± 0.54°, Post-fatigue: 2.02 ± 0.51°, P < 0.05). However, error rapidly recovered, with no differences in error from baseline after 1-min post-fatigue. These findings demonstrate that sustained isometric extension/flexion contractions similarly impair tracking accuracy of the hand. This work serves as an important step to future research into workplace health and preventing injuries of the distal upper-limb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davis A Forman
- Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON, Canada
| | - Garrick N Forman
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Maddalena Mugnosso
- Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Jacopo Zenzeri
- Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Bernadette Murphy
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael W R Holmes
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
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Acute effects of kinesio taping on knee extensor peak torque and electromyographic activity after exhaustive isometric knee extension in healthy young adults. Clin J Sport Med 2015; 25:284-90. [PMID: 25010152 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000000132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of Kinesio Tex tape and its method of application, Kinesio Taping (KT) on knee extensor performance before and after an exhaustive isometric knee extension exercise. DESIGN Single-blinded, randomized control trial. SETTING Centre for Sports Training and Rehabilitation at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-six healthy volunteers with no history of knee injuries. INTERVENTIONS Subjects were randomized to either the KT or sham taping group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The effects of KT on the neuromuscular performance of the knee extensors were measured before and after KT application, and immediately and 5 and 10 minutes after an exhaustive isometric knee extension exercise. RESULTS Within-group analyses revealed a significant effect of time on the peak torque in isometric knee extension (F2.73,65.44 = 24.5, P < 0.001), but no significant group (F2.73,65.44 = 2.13, P = 0.11) or interaction (F1,24 = 0.59, P = 0.45) effect. A significant time effect (F2.52,60.14 = 3.75, P = 0.02) and a significant time × group interaction (F1,24 = 4.59, P = 0.04) was found for the rate of peak torque development. Post hoc comparisons revealed significantly higher rates in the intervention group (F1,24 = 4.594, P = 0.04) over all 5 tests. No significant effects of time (F4,96 = 0.88, P = 0.48; F2.56,61.35 = 2.75, P = 0.06), group (F4,96 = 0.56, P = 0.69; F2.56,61.35 = 1.16, P = 0.33), or time × group interaction (F1,24 = 2.77, P = 0.11; F1,24 = 0.20, P = 0.66) were found for either the electromechanical delay or electromyographic results, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that KT shortens the time required to generate peak torque during isometric knee extension, which has important implications for sports performances that require the rapid generation of peak muscular force. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Kinesio taping is commonly seen in the sports arena. The popularity is presumably due to the general belief in its injury prevention and enhancement of muscle performance. The results of the present findings suggested that KT shortens the time to reach peak torque generation. Aside from this, there is no other significant positive effect on muscle performance. Further investigation on the effects of KT on muscle performance is warranted.
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Han JT, Lee JH. Effects of kinesiology taping on repositioning error of the knee joint after quadriceps muscle fatigue. J Phys Ther Sci 2014; 26:921-3. [PMID: 25013297 PMCID: PMC4085222 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.26.921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of kinesiology taping on
repositioning error of the knee joint after quadriceps muscle fatigue. [Subjects] Thirty
healthy adults with no orthopaedic or neurological problems participated in this study.
[Methods] The repositioning error of the knee joint was measured using a digital
goniometer when the subjects extended their dominant-side knee to a random target angle
(30°, 45°, or 60°) with their eyes closed, before and after a quadriceps muscle fatigue
protocol, and after application of kinesiology tape. [Results] We found that repositioning
errors of the dominant-side knee joint increased after quadriceps fatigue compared with
no-fatigue conditions. However, kinesiology taping of the quadriceps muscle and patella
after quadriceps fatigue significantly decreased repositioning errors of the knee joint.
[Conclusion] These results suggest that quadriceps fatigue increases the repositioning
error of the knee joint, whereas application of kinesiology tape decreases fatigue-induced
joint repositioning error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Tae Han
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Science, Kyung Sung University, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Nursing and Healthcare Sciences, Dong-eui University, Republic of Korea
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Hirschmüller A, Baur H, Braun S, Kreuz PC, Südkamp NP, Niemeyer P. Rehabilitation after autologous chondrocyte implantation for isolated cartilage defects of the knee. Am J Sports Med 2011; 39:2686-96. [PMID: 21602564 DOI: 10.1177/0363546511404204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Autologous chondrocyte implantation for treatment of isolated cartilage defects of the knee has become well established. Although various publications report technical modifications, clinical results, and cell-related issues, little is known about appropriate and optimal rehabilitation after autologous chondrocyte implantation. This article reviews the literature on rehabilitation after autologous chondrocyte implantation and presents a rehabilitation protocol that has been developed considering the best available evidence and has been successfully used for several years in a large number of patients who underwent autologous chondrocyte implantation for cartilage defects of the knee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Hirschmüller
- University Hospital Freiburg, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Germany.
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Gehring D, Melnyk M, Gollhofer A. Gender and fatigue have influence on knee joint control strategies during landing. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2009; 24:82-7. [PMID: 18977566 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2008.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2008] [Revised: 07/23/2008] [Accepted: 07/23/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gender and fatigue are thought to affect the anterior cruciate ligament injury risk. In spite of much effort, the influence of these factors on knee joint biomechanics is still under discussion. The purpose of this study was to investigate kinematics, kinetics, and active muscle control strategies of the knee joint across gender in fatigue conditions during a landing task. METHODS Thirteen females and thirteen males performed two-legged landings before and after a closed kinetic chain exercise protocol. Knee joint kinematics and vertical ground reaction forces were assessed as well as electromyography of the quadriceps, hamstring, and gastrocnemius muscles. FINDINGS Females landed with increased knee flexion velocities (P<0.001) and knee joint abduction angles (P<0.01). Compared to males, females also showed different muscle activation patterns such as a delayed activation of the lateral hamstring (P<0.05) and the m. vastus lateralis (P<0.05) during the preparatory phase of the landing. Fatigue led to a reduced pre-activation of the medial and lateral hamstrings (P<0.05 and P<0.001) and the gastrocnemius muscle (P<0.05) both in males and females. INTERPRETATION The gender differences in knee flexion velocity, abduction angle, and muscle activation suggest that females and males possess different neuromuscular strategies to control the knee joint during dynamic landing movements. These differences as well as decreased hamstring and gastrocnemius muscle activity, due to fatigue, provide evidence for different knee joint control in females as well as in fatigued conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Gehring
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Schwarzwaldstrasse 175, D-79117 Freiburg, Germany.
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The effects of a neoprene knee sleeve on subjects with a poor versus good joint position sense subjected to an isokinetic fatigue protocol. Clin J Sport Med 2008; 18:259-65. [PMID: 18469568 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0b013e31816d78c1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It has been shown that muscle fatigue has a negative influence on proprioception. Several studies already have demonstrated improvement of proprioception by using knee sleeves. HYPOTHESIS Neoprene knee sleeves have different effects on the joint position sense in locally fatigued subjects with good or poor proprioceptive acuity. DESIGN A true experimental design with random assignment to intervention and control limbs. SETTING Military hospital, department of physical medicine and rehabilitation. PARTICIPANTS Sixty-four healthy subjects. INTERVENTIONS All subjects underwent four consecutive assessments of the same active joint-repositioning test under different conditions (braced, nonbraced, fatigued, and nonfatigued). MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS A three-way analysis of variance with repeated-measures design was conducted to investigate the effects of side (braced versus control side), assessment sequence (one to four), and proprioceptive acuity ("good" versus "poor"), and their interactive effect on the joint position sense. RESULTS Post hoc analysis revealed that only subjects with "poor" proprioceptive acuity benefit from the braced condition before the isokinetic fatigue protocol (P < 0.001). In contrast, all subjects benefit from the braced condition after the fatigue test. CONCLUSIONS Bracing is helpful in individuals with a poor baseline proprioceptive acuity in both fatigued and nonfatigued states. Subjects with a good joint position sense benefit from bracing only when in a fatigued state. The present findings suggest a rationale for using neoprene knee sleeves as a preventative measure or treatment in subjects and patients to enhance proprioceptive acuity in a fatigued state. Classification into "poor" and "good" proprioceptive acuity is only relevant in the nonfatigued condition.
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Van Tiggelen D, Coorevits P, Witvrouw E. The use of a neoprene knee sleeve to compensate the deficit in knee joint position sense caused by muscle fatigue. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2007; 18:62-6. [PMID: 17490457 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2007.00649.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The importance of good proprioceptive abilities is stressed in many rehabilitation protocols. In contrast, it has been shown that muscle fatigue has a negative influence on proprioception. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a neoprene knee sleeve (NKS) on the joint position sense in a fatigued knee joint. Sixty-four healthy subjects underwent four successive assessments of the same active joint repositioning test (AJRT) in an open kinetic chain setting under different conditions. First, each subject performed the AJRT without brace. One knee was braced during the second assessment. Subjects wore the brace for 6 h and were submitted to a fatigue protocol, followed by the third assessment under the same conditions as the previous one. The fourth and last AJRT was performed immediately after the third one but both knees were non-braced. When the subjects wore an NKS, significant differences in repositioning error were demonstrated between both sides. On the braced side, no significant differences were observed between the baseline assessment and the third assessment. NKS compensate the deficit in joint position sense due to fatigue. The use of NKS could be justified as a preventive measure or treatment in subjects to enhance proprioception.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Van Tiggelen
- Department of Traumatology & Rehabilitation, Military Hospital of Base Queen Astrid, Belgian Ministry of Defense, Bruynstraat 2, Brussels, Belgium.
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Westlake KP, Wu Y, Culham EG. Sensory-specific balance training in older adults: effect on position, movement, and velocity sense at the ankle. Phys Ther 2007; 87:560-8. [PMID: 17405803 DOI: 10.2522/ptj.20060262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Age-related changes in proprioception contribute to impairments in postural control and increased fall risk in older adults. The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to examine the effects of balance exercises on proprioception. SUBJECTS The participants were 36 older people and 24 younger people who were healthy. METHODS Older participants were randomly assigned to a balance exercise group (n=17) or a falls prevention education group (n=19). Baseline, postintervention, and 8-week follow-up measurements of 3 proprioceptive measures (threshold to perception of passive movement, passive joint position sense, and velocity discrimination) were obtained at the ankle. For comparative purposes, younger participants underwent a one-time assessment of the 3 proprioceptive measures. RESULTS Postintervention improvements in velocity discrimination were found in the balance exercise group when compared with values at baseline and in the falls prevention education group. Age-related differences found at baseline were reduced in the balance exercise group after intervention. Improvements were not maintained at the 8-week follow-up. Threshold to perception of passive movement and passive joint position sense did not change as a function of the exercise intervention. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The results suggest that short-term improvements in velocity sense, but not movement and position sense, may be achieved following a balance exercise intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly P Westlake
- Rehabilitation Research and Development Center, VA Palo Alto HCC, 3801 Miranda Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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Vuillerme N, Hintzy F. Effects of a 200 W–15 min cycling exercise on postural control during quiet standing in healthy young adults. Eur J Appl Physiol 2007; 100:169-75. [PMID: 17318648 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-007-0419-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present experiment was to investigate the immediate effects of a cycling exercise on postural control during quiet standing in healthy young adults. To this aim, 12 university students were asked to stand upright as immobile as possible, with their eyes closed, prior to and following a 15 min cycling exercise performed at a power output of 200 W. Centre of foot pressure (CP) displacements, recorded using a force platform along both the medio-lateral (ML) or antero-posterior (AP) axes, were used to compute the motions of the vertical projection of the centre of gravity (CG(v)) and those of the difference between the CP and the CG(v) (CP - CG(v)). Metabolic (heart rate, respiratory exchange ratio and blood lactate concentration) and psychological (rate of perceived exertion) measurements ensured that subjects were fatigued at the end of the cycling exercise. The cycling exercise induced a decreased of both CG(v) and CP - CG(v) motions along the AP-axis, whereas no significant changes were observed along the ML-axis. These discrepancies of the postural effects according to the direction of balance are likely to stem from the directionally sensitive activity of postural muscles, when considering (1) what the cycling exercise involved in terms of joints and tendons receptors stimulation and lower limb muscles recruitment (i.e. sagittal plane movers of the lower extremities) and (2) the skeletal muscles involved in postural control during quiet standing (i.e. sagittal and frontal plane movers of the lower extremities for the AP and ML balance, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Vuillerme
- Laboratoire TIMC-IMAG, Faculté de Médecine, UMR CNRS 5525, La Tronche Cédex, 38706, France.
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Friemert B, Bach C, Schwarz W, Gerngross H, Schmidt R. Benefits of active motion for joint position sense. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2006; 14:564-70. [PMID: 16328464 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-005-0004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2005] [Accepted: 06/30/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures lead to a proprioceptive deficit and therefore joint position sense. This study examined whether active motion is better suited than passive motion to address this deficit. Sixty patients with ACL rupture were prospectively randomised into two groups [continuous active motion (CAM)/continuous passive motion (CPM)]. All patients had an ACL reconstruction. An angle reproduction test was used to assess the proprioceptive deficit. The relevant examinations were performed before surgery (pre-op evaluation) and after the seventh postoperative day. No preoperative difference was found between the two groups. After postoperative treatment, the deficit was reduced in both groups. Significantly better results were, however, obtained in the CAM group (CPM, 4.2+/-1.6 degrees; CAM, 1.9+/-1.2 degrees; P<0.001). During the first postoperative week, a CAM device produced a significantly greater reduction in the proprioceptive deficit and should be the first choice in immediately postoperative rehabilitation after ACL replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Friemert
- Department of Surgery, German Armed Forces Hospital, Oberer Eselsberg 40, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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Shields RK, Madhavan S, Cole K. Sustained muscle activity minimally influences dynamic position sense of the ankle. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2005; 35:443-51. [PMID: 16108585 PMCID: PMC4034359 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2005.35.7.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine if a sustained fatiguing contraction of the dorsiflexor muscles alters the dynamic position sense (proprioception) and the associated central nervous system processing time of information from the ankle. BACKGROUND Ankle injury has been hypothesized to be related to altered proprioception as a consequence of fatiguing exercise. Previous reports assessing proprioception include tests of motor performance (balance and limb repositioning) or tests of a joint under static conditions. This study used a novel experimental approach to test the effects of exercise on the somatosensory system of the ankle. METHODS AND MEASURES Nineteen healthy subjects were tested on their ability to extend the metacarpophalangeal joint of their left index finger when their left ankle was passively plantar flexed (0 degrees-40 degrees, 10 velocities) through a predetermined target angle (20 degrees). Testing occurred before and after a fatiguing contraction of the dorsiflexor muscles. RESULTS Subjects accurately indicated the ankle target angle up to ankle velocities of 70 degrees/s (300 ms) both before and after the sustained fatiguing contraction. At velocities above 70 degrees/s all subjects could no longer scale to accurately indicate the target angle with the index finger and consequently overshot the target. The central nervous system processing time was estimated to be approximately 85 milliseconds before and after the sustained contraction. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that a sustained activity of the dorsiflexion muscles of the ankle minimally affects dynamic position sense and the ability to process dynamic position sense information. Understanding the impact of exercise on sensory system processing will be integral to establishing the scientific basis for rehabilitation programs that purport to train proprioception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard K Shields
- Graduate Program in Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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