Talmage JLD, Cramer AM, Oliver GD. Residual Effects of Glenohumeral Range of Motion, Strength, and Humeral Retroversion on Prior Overhead Athletes After Cessation of Sport.
Orthop J Sports Med 2022;
10:23259671221091996. [PMID:
35571966 PMCID:
PMC9092590 DOI:
10.1177/23259671221091996]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Research has shown that repetitive stress from playing an overhead (OH) sport
can cause musculoskeletal and osseous adaptations to occur on the dominant
side. Additionally, there are limited data about the residual effects of
these adaptations after the cessation of sports participation.
Purpose:
To investigate the effects of prior participation in an OH sport versus not
participating in an OH sport on glenohumeral range of motion (ROM),
isometric strength, and humeral retroversion (HR).
Study Design:
Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.
Methods:
Forty-eight college-aged individuals participated. Participants were split
into 2 groups: (1) individuals who previously participated in an OH sport (n
= 20; age, 20.3 ± 1.1 years; height, 166.3 ± 15.27 cm; weight, 72.2 ± 13.5
kg) and (2) individuals who previously did not play an OH sport (n = 28;
age, 20.6 ± 0.9 years; height, 168.8 ± 6.3 cm; weight, 68.1 ± 15.1 kg).
After completing a health history questionnaire, the following were
measured: side-to-side shoulder internal rotation (IR) and external rotation
(ER) ROM via an inclinometer, isometric shoulder strength via a handheld
dynamometer, and HR using an ultrasound imaging machine. A Mann-Whitney
U test was used to determine group differences, and a
Wilcoxon t test was used to analyze side-to-side
differences within each group.
Results:
The Mann-Whitney U test revealed a statistically significant
group difference for dominant shoulder ER ROM (U = 162.00,
P = .014). Specifically, the prior OH group had
significantly more ER than the control group. Within the prior OH group,
testing revealed that athletes had significantly more HR (Z
=–2.782, P = .005), ER ROM (Z =–1.979,
P = .048), and ER isometric strength
(Z =–2.763, P = .006) on their
dominant than nondominant shoulder and significantly less IR ROM
(Z =–3.099, P = .002) on their
dominant than nondominant shoulder.
Conclusion:
Prior OH sports participation may have residual osseous and musculoskeletal
effects that remain after cessation of the sport.
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