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Lambrey PJ, Fayard JM, Graveleau N, Toanen C, Noailles T, Letartre R, Barth J, Cavaignac E, Bouguennec N, Thaunat M. Male sex, revision surgery, low volume of anterior cruciate ligament remnant, and significant instability are risk factors for Posterior Root Tear of the Lateral Meniscus in patients undergoing Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Arthroscopy 2024:S0749-8063(24)00410-9. [PMID: 38876444 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2024.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This multicenter study aimed to determine the incidence of lateral meniscus posterior root tears (LMPRTs) in patients undergoing ACL reconstruction and identify associated risk factors. METHODS We conducted a retrospective, multicenter study using data from the Francophone Arthroscopic Society's registry. The study included all the patients in the registry who underwent ACL reconstruction surgery between June 2020 and June 2023, we excluded incomplete data. We compared delay from injury to surgery between LMPRTs group and No LMPRTs group. Variables investigated as potential risk factors for LMPRTs included age, sex, nature of surgery (primary or revision), pivot shift test result, side-to-side laxity under anesthesia, presence of ACL remnant, occurrence of medial meniscal tear, and presence of collateral ligament injury. Risk factors were analyzed using a logistic regression model. RESULTS Among the 5359 patients analyzed, LMPRTs occurred in 7.0% (n=375) of cases during ACL reconstruction. Mean age at surgery was 29.3 +/- 10.3 years old [11-77]. Concerning delay to surgery, the mean time was 8.4 +/- 23.1 weeks [0.0-347.2] in the No LMPRTs group and 6.5 +/- 10.2 weeks [0.2-61.6] in the LMPRTs group (p = 0.109). Univariate analysis revealed that male sex (p < 0.001), revision surgery (p < 0.001), medial meniscal injury (p = 0.007), ACL remnant (0% vs > 70%, <10% vs > 70%, 10 to 30% vs > 70%, 30 to 50% vs > 70%, 50 to 70% vs > 70%; p < 0.001) and higher pivot shift grade (p = 0.011) were significantly associated with a presence of LMPRTs. Age, side-to-side laxity, and collateral ligament injury were not found to be significant risk factor In multivariate analysis : male sex, revision surgery, pivot shift test result and a low volume of ACL remnant remained significant. Side to side laxity was also a significant factor in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION This study identified male sex, revision surgery, low volume of ACL remnant, side to side laxity and higher grade of pivot shift as significant risk factors for LMPRTs during ACL reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Jean Lambrey
- Ramsay Santé, Hôpital privé Jean Mermoz, Centre Orthopédique Santy, FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Marie Fayard
- Ramsay Santé, Hôpital privé Jean Mermoz, Centre Orthopédique Santy, FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, 69008 Lyon, France
| | | | - Cécile Toanen
- Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Centre Hospitalier Départemental Vendée, La Roche-sur-Yon, France
| | - Thibaut Noailles
- Département de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Polyclinique de Bordeaux Nord, 15, rue Claude-Boucher, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Romain Letartre
- Ramsay santé, Hôpital privé la Louvière - 126 Rue de la Louvière, 59800 Lille, France
| | - Johannes Barth
- Centre Ostéo articulaire des Cèdres -5 Chemin des Tropiques - Parc Sud Galaxie, 38130, Echirolles
| | - Etienne Cavaignac
- Clinique Universitaire du Sport - 1 Place du Docteur Joseph Baylac, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Mathieu Thaunat
- Ramsay Santé, Hôpital privé Jean Mermoz, Centre Orthopédique Santy, FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, 69008 Lyon, France.
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Chen J, Sha L, Zhang X, Bao L, Li H, Zhao J, Xie G. Impact of sex and age on the lateralisation of the tibial tubercle in normal paediatric and adolescent populations. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2024; 32:1207-1215. [PMID: 38529701 DOI: 10.1002/ksa.12146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Numerous methods have been proposed to characterise tubercle lateralisation. However, their normal values and related changes remain unclear. Accordingly, it was aimed to determine the potential sex and age effects and determined the optimal individualised method of diagnosing lateralisation of the tibial tubercle in patients with recurrent patellar dislocation (RPD). METHODS Measurements included the tibial tubercle-trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance, tibial tubercle-posterior cruciate ligament (TT-PCL) distance and tibial tubercle lateralisation (TTL); and the proximal tibial width (PTW), trochlear width (TW) and trochlear dysplasia index (TDI), for adjustment. A two-way analysis of variance was used to determine the effect of age, sex and their interaction within the normal group. When the age effect was statistically significant, a nonlinear regression was created. Areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUCs) were calculated to assess diagnostic accuracy. RESULTS A total of 277 normal participants (mean [SD] age, 13.5 [2.6] years; 125 [45.1%] female) and 227 patients with RPD (mean [SD] age, 13.5 [2.6] years; 161 [58.1%] female) were analysed. It was found that in the normal group, in patients aged 7-10, TT-PCL distance (p = 0.006), TTL (p = 0.007) and TT-PCL/PTW (p < 0.001) were significantly larger in females than in males. A significant sex effect was also detected on TT-TG/TW (p = 0.014). TT-TG distance, TT-PCL distance, TTL and TT-PCL/PTW (in male patients) approached an established normal adult value of 12.3 mm, 20.9 mm, 0.64 and 0.28, respectively, with increasing age (p < 0.001). The AUC was greater for TT-TG/TDI and TT-TG/TW (p ≤ 0.01) and TT-TG/TDI outperformed TT-TG/TW in patients aged 15-18 (p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Tubercle lateralisation increased with age and was affected by sex, with the exception of TT-TG distance and TT-TG/TDI. TT-TG/TDI is the optimal method of diagnosing a lateralized tibial tubercle in patients with RPD. These findings assist with the evaluation of tubercle lateralisation in that they provide a proper protocol for paediatric and adolescent populations with RPD; and thus, will help determine whether medial tubercle transfer should be included among the tailored surgical procedures considered for the treatment of patients with RPD. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiebo Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, National Center for Orthopedics, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Sha
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, National Center for Orthopedics, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Bao
- Department of Radiology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Li
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinzhong Zhao
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, National Center for Orthopedics, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoming Xie
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, National Center for Orthopedics, Shanghai, China
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Kaushal SG, Barnett SC, Hosseinzadeh S, Perrone GS, Kiapour AM. Changes in Functional Meniscal Morphology During Skeletal Growth and Maturation. Orthop J Sports Med 2024; 12:23259671241237810. [PMID: 38532765 PMCID: PMC10964461 DOI: 10.1177/23259671241237810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known on how meniscal morphology develops during skeletal growth and maturation and its subsequent relationship with the corresponding bony anatomy. Hypotheses (1) Meniscal dimensions and morphology would change by age during skeletal growth and maturation in different ways in boys compared with girls. (2) Morphological features of the medial and lateral menisci would correlate to medial and lateral femoral condyle curvatures. Study Design Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods Anatomic features of the medial and lateral menisci were measured on magnetic resonance imaging scans from 269 unique knees (age, 3-18 years; 51% female) with no prior history of injury, congenital or growth-related skeletal disorders, or bony deformities. Morphological shape-based measurements were normalized to tibial plateau width or determined as ratios of meniscal dimensions. The association between age and anatomy was analyzed with linear regression. Two-way analysis of variance with the Holm-Šídák post hoc method was used to compare anatomy between sexes in different age groups. Linear regression was used to evaluate the relationship between femoral condyle curvature radius and meniscal morphology in each compartment after adjusting for age and sex. Results Meniscal length, width, horn distance, mean cross-sectional area (CSA), and mean height increased with age in both sexes (R2 > 0.1; P < .001). Age-related changes in meniscal morphology were seen in normalized length, width, horn distance, and mean height; width-to-length ratio; horn distance-to-length ratio (lateral meniscus only); normalized mean CSA (except lateral meniscus in girls); and mean tip angle (R2 > 0.04; P < .02). Sex-based differences were also found, with some morphological differences (normalized length and height) throughout development (P < .03) and size differences (length, width, and mean CSA) in later development (P < .01). After adjusting for age and sex, there were significant correlations between medial condyle curvature radius and normalized width, width-to-length ratio, horn distance, horn distance-to-length ratio, mean CSA, and mean height of the medial meniscus (P≤ .041) and between lateral condyle curvature radius and normalized length, mean height, and mean tip angle of the lateral meniscus (P≤ .004). Conclusion Age-related changes in meniscal dimensions and morphology, most notably a nonuniform growth pattern in meniscal geometry, occurred during skeletal growth and maturation, with different trends in boys than in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar G. Kaushal
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samuel C. Barnett
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shayan Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gabriel S. Perrone
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tufts Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ata M. Kiapour
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Sugimoto D, Micheli LJ, Meehan WP. Lower Extremity Strength Relative to Body Mass in Pediatric Female Athletes: Implications for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2023:99228231216316. [PMID: 38053390 DOI: 10.1177/00099228231216316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
This study compared lower extremity (LE) muscular strength by 3 groups of female athletes using chronological age and consideration of age of peak height velocity (PHV). Isometric quadriceps, hamstrings, and hip abductors strength were assessed from physically active, pediatric females. The body mass normalized isometric strength (N m/kg) was compared by the 3 age groups. There were 388 young female athletes (<10 years [14.2%], 11-14 years [48.7%], and 15-18 years [37.1%]). The body mass normalized LE strength was lower in 11-14 years compared with <10 years (quadriceps [P = .001], hamstrings [P = .001], and hip abductors [P = .037]) as well as in 15-18 years relative to <10 years in quadriceps (P = .001) and hamstrings (P = .001). The analysis results were consistent with both chronological age alone and incorporating effects of age of PHV. In short, body mass normalized LE strength (quadriceps, hamstrings, and hip abductors) of 11-14 years females was lower than <10 years females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Sugimoto
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
- The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Lyle J Micheli
- The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, MA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William P Meehan
- The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, MA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Barnett SC, Portila G, Sanborn R, Perone GS, Emami A, Kiapour AM. Comparison of Size of Posterior Tibial Slope and Medial Tibial Depth in Patients With an Isolated Meniscal Tear Requiring Surgery and Matched Uninjured Controls. Am J Sports Med 2023; 51:3706-3713. [PMID: 37924211 DOI: 10.1177/03635465231204362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meniscal injuries are extremely common. Several anatomic features of the knee, including the tibial plateau morphology, have been shown to influence knee biomechanics and the risk of ligamentous injuries. Little is known, however, how these morphological features influence the risk of isolated meniscal injuries in the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-intact knee. HYPOTHESIS There are differences in the slopes and concavity of the tibial plateau between patients with isolated meniscal tears and matched uninjured controls. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS In total, 89 patients with first-instance isolated medial (n = 37) or lateral (n = 52) meniscal injuries requiring surgical treatment (mean age, 16 ± 1 years; 35% female) were matched to 89 controls with uninjured knees and no previous injuries (mean age, 16 ± 2 years; 35% female) based on age and sex. Magnetic resonance imaging scans (preoperative for injured group) were used to measure the coronal slope of the tibial plateau, posterior slope of the medial and lateral tibial plateaus, and maximum depth of the medial tibial plateau. General linear models were used to evaluate the differences in tibial plateau morphology between the knees with and without meniscal injuries, with and without adjustment for age and sex. RESULTS Compared with matched controls, patients with surgically treated isolated meniscal tears had a smaller lateral tibial slope (by 2.2° [medial meniscal injury] and 1.6° [lateral meniscal injury]; P < .02), a smaller medial tibial slope (by 2.3° [medial meniscal injury] and 2.4° [lateral meniscal injury]; P < .001) and a larger medial tibial depth (by 0.8 mm [medial meniscal injury] and 0.9 mm [lateral meniscal injury]; P < .001). There were no differences in coronal tibial slope between the injured and uninjured groups. There were no differences in quantified anatomic features between the isolated medial and lateral meniscal injury groups. The same trends were observed after adjusting for age and sex. CONCLUSION This study suggests that patients with an isolated meniscal tear requiring surgery have a smaller posterior tibial slope and a larger medial tibial depth (more concave medial tibial plateau) than matched uninjured controls. This is contrary to what is known for ACL tears, in which a steeper posterior tibial slope and a shallower medial tibial depth have been associated with an increased risk of ACL tear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C Barnett
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gabriella Portila
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ryan Sanborn
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gabrielle S Perone
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tufts Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alex Emami
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ata M Kiapour
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Kaushal SG, Menghini D, Sanborn RM, Kramer DE, Heyworth BE, Kocher MS, Kiapour AM. MRI Analysis of Knee Bony Morphology Variations in Children and Adolescents With Lateral Discoid Meniscus Compared With Asymptomatic Healthy Controls. Am J Sports Med 2023; 51:3190-3196. [PMID: 37641845 DOI: 10.1177/03635465231190792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lateral discoid meniscus accounts for most meniscal tears in children 10 years of age and younger. The role of bony morphology in discoid meniscus has been previously studied in a limited capacity using radiographs. PURPOSE To use magnetic resonance imaging to measure features of the femoral condyles and tibial plateaus in patients with discoid meniscus to assess potential determinants of symptoms and subsequent surgery and to compare with matched controls to investigate age-related changes in bony features. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS After institutional review board approval, detailed morphology of the femoral condyles and tibial plateau was measured in 177 patients (3-18 years of age; 56% female) with confirmed lateral discoid meniscus. Measurements from 269 participants (3-18 years of age; 55% female) with asymptomatic knees were used as controls. Two-way analysis of variance with Holm-Šídák post hoc was used to compare measurements between discoid menisci and matched controls. Independent t tests were used to compare aspects of bony morphology within the discoid meniscus cohort. RESULTS Compared with controls, patients with a lateral discoid meniscus had a larger bicondylar width and notch width (7- to 10-year-old and 15- to 18-year-old age groups; P < .05), larger tibial plateau width (11- to 14-year-old and 15- to 18-year-old age groups; P < .001), and smaller lateral (P < .02) and coronal (P < .02) tibial slopes across all age groups. Among patients with a discoid meniscus, larger bicondylar width, larger tibial plateau width, larger notch width, and a flatter lateral femoral condyle were associated with pain (P < .005) and lateral meniscal tears (P < .02). Larger notch width and notch width index were also associated with subsequent surgery (P < .05). CONCLUSION There are clinically significant abnormalities in bony morphology in patients with a discoid meniscus, including larger femoral condyles and tibial plateaus and a flatter tibial plateau. Additionally, femoral size, femoral curvature, and tibial plateau size may influence the likelihood of knee pain, meniscal tear, and need for surgery. These findings highlight the importance of bony morphology in discoid meniscus pathophysiology in children and adolescents. Such measurements may also aid radiographic detection of discoid meniscus and guide decisions regarding the timing of potential surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar G Kaushal
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Danilo Menghini
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ryan M Sanborn
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dennis E Kramer
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Benton E Heyworth
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mininder S Kocher
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ata M Kiapour
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Sonnier JH, Paul RW, Hall AT, Johnson EE, Connors G, Freedman KB, Bishop ME. Rates of Reporting and Analyzing Patient Sex in Sports Medicine Research: A Systematic Review. Am J Sports Med 2023; 51:3035-3041. [PMID: 36416467 DOI: 10.1177/03635465221128909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex differences in sports medicine are well documented. However, no studies to date have reviewed the rate at which sex is reported and analyzed in the athlete-specific orthopaedic sports medicine literature. PURPOSE To determine the rates of reporting and analyzing patient sex in athlete-specific sports medicine literature. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS Articles published by the 3 journals of the AOSSM (American Journal of Sports Medicine [AJSM], Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, and Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach) between 2017 and 2021 were considered for inclusion. Original sports medicine research studies that isolated athletes were included. Studies that isolated sports that are predominantly single sex at the college and/or professional levels (football, baseball, softball, and wrestling) were excluded. RESULTS Of the 5140 publications screened, 559 met the inclusion criteria. In total, 93.9% of all studies reported patient sex, and 34.7% of all studies analyzed patient sex. However, 143 studies only included males and 50 studies only included females (n = 193). When excluding these single-sex studies, analysis of the remaining 366 studies found that the rate of sex-specific analysis increased to 53.0%. Rates of reporting patient sex did not significantly differ by journal or by year. Similarly, rates of analyzing patient sex did not differ by year, but Sports Health analyzed sex the most frequently, and AJSM analyzed sex the least frequently (P = .002). Studies that isolated college (84.1%), youth (66.7%), or recreational (52.6%) athletes analyzed sex at or above the overall rate of 53.0%, but studies of elite athletes (35.7%) tended to analyze sex less frequently. CONCLUSION Patient sex is well reported in the athlete-specific sports medicine literature (93.9% of included studies reported sex), demonstrating that most studies include sex as a demographic variable. However, patient sex was analyzed only in 53.0% of studies that included both male and female patients. Given that athlete-specific sex differences are known to exist within the field of sports medicine, many studies that could benefit from using patient sex as a variable for analysis likely fail to do so.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan W Paul
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anya T Hall
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emma E Johnson
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gregory Connors
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Pradhan P, Kaushal SG, Kocher MS, Kiapour AM. Development of Anatomic Risk Factors for ACL Injuries: A Comparison Between ACL-Injured Knees and Matched Controls. Am J Sports Med 2023; 51:2267-2274. [PMID: 37310177 DOI: 10.1177/03635465231177465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several tibiofemoral anatomic features have been repeatedly associated with increased anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk. Previous studies have highlighted age and sex differences among these anatomic risk factors, but little is known about the normal and pathologic development of these differences during skeletal maturation. PURPOSE To investigate differences in anatomic risk factors at various stages of skeletal maturation between ACL-injured knees and matched controls. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS After institutional review board approval, magnetic resonance imaging scans from 213 unique ACL-injured knees (age, 7-18 years, 48% female) and 239 unique asymptomatic ACL-intact knees (age, 7-18 years, 50% female) were used to measure femoral notch width, posterior slope of the lateral and medial tibial plateau, medial and lateral tibial spinal height (MTSH, LTSH), medial tibial depth, and posterior lateral meniscus-bone angle. Linear regression was performed to assess change in quantified anatomic indices with age for male and female patients in the ACL-injured cohort. Two-way analysis of variance with Holm-Sidak post hoc testing was performed to compare anatomic indices between ACL-injured knees and ACL-intact controls in each age group. RESULTS In the ACL-injured cohort, notch width, notch width index and medial tibial depth increased with age (R2 > 0.1; P < .001) in both sexes. MTSH and LTSH increased with age only in boys (R2≥ 0.09; P≤ .001), whereas meniscus-bone angle decreased with age only in girls (R2 = 0.13; P < .001). There were no other age differences in quantified anatomic indices. Patients with ACL injury consistently had a significantly higher lateral tibial slope (P < .01) and smaller LTSH (P < .001) as compared with ACL-intact controls across all age groups and sexes. When compared with age- and sex-matched ACL-intact controls, ACL-injured knees had a smaller notch width (boys, 7-18 years; girls, 7-14 years; P < .05), larger medial tibial slope (boys and girls, 15-18 years; P < .01), smaller MTSH (boys, 7-14 years; girls, 11-14 years; P < .05), and larger meniscus-bone angle (girls, 7-10 years; P = .050). CONCLUSION The consistent morphologic differences throughout skeletal growth and maturation suggest a developmental role in high-risk knee morphology. The observed high-risk knee morphology at an earlier age preliminarily suggests the potential of knee anatomy measurements in identifying those with a predisposition toward ACL injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Pradhan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shankar G Kaushal
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mininder S Kocher
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ata M Kiapour
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Ghasemi M, Sigurðsson HB, Sveinsson Þ, Briem K. Boys demonstrate greater knee frontal moments than girls during the impact phase of cutting maneuvers, despite age-related increases in girls. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2023; 31:1833-1839. [PMID: 36810949 PMCID: PMC10090008 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-023-07340-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury rate is low among children, but increases during adolescence, especially in girls. Increases in the knee valgus moment within 70 ms of contact with the ground (KFM0-70) may explain the sex-specific increase in the risk of ACL injury. The purpose of the study was to investigate sex-dependent changes in the KFM0-70 from pre-adolescence to adolescence during a cutting maneuver (CM). METHODS Kinematic and kinetic data during the CM task, performed before and after physical exertion, were recorded using a motion capture system and a force plate. A total of 293 team handball and soccer players, aged 9-12 years, were recruited. A number of those who continued sports participation (n = 103) returned five years later to repeat the test procedure. Three mixed-model analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures tests were used to determine the effects of sex and age period on the KFM0-70 (1: with no adjustment, 2: adjusted for repeated measurements, and 3: additionally adjusted with hip and knee joint frontal plane kinematics). RESULTS Boys had significantly higher KFM0-70 than girls at both age periods (p < 0.01 for all models). Girls, not boys, demonstrated significantly increased KFM0-70 from pre-adolescence to adolescence. Importantly, this was fully explained by kinematic variables. CONCLUSION Although the marked increase in KFM0-70 seen in girls may play a role in their risk of ACL rupture, the higher values demonstrated by boys during CM reflect the complexity of multifactorial biomechanical risk factor analysis. The role of kinematics in mediating the KFM0-70 provides means for modification of this risk factor, but as boys had higher joint moments, continued investigation into sex-dependent biomechanical risk factors is warranted. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haraldur Björn Sigurðsson
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Research Centre of Movement Science, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Þórarinn Sveinsson
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Research Centre of Movement Science, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Kristín Briem
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.
- Research Centre of Movement Science, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.
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10
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Morphometric characteristics of the knee are associated with the injury of the meniscus. J Orthop Surg Res 2022; 17:498. [PMCID: PMC9675146 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-03380-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To assess the geometrical risk factors for meniscal injuries. We hypothesized that the narrowness of the intercondylar notch and the smaller tibial spine could increase the risk of meniscal injuries. Methods We retrospectively studied two hundred and seven patients examined for knee magnetic resonance images. Two experienced orthopedists evaluated the severity of meniscal injuries. The notch width, bicondylar notch width, notch width index, condyle width of the femur, tibial spine height, and intercondylar angle were measured in magnetic resonance image slides by two blinded orthopedists.
Results A total of 112 patients with a meniscus injury and 95 patients were as healthy control in all two hundred and seven patients. The NWI (P = 0.027) in patients with meniscus injuries was significantly different from the control group. A 1 SD (0.04 mm) increase in NWI was associated with a 0.4-fold increase in the risk of meniscal injury. A 1 SD (0.04 mm) increase in NWI was associated with a 0.64-fold increase in the risk of grade 3 meniscal injury. Furthermore, NWI and medial spine height are decreased significantly in grade 2 (P < 0.05) meniscal injury than in other grades. The medial spine height was significantly decreased in the meniscal injury group (P = 0.025), and the decrease in medial spine height would increase the risk of meniscal injury (OR = 0.77) and grade 3 meniscal injury (OR = 0.8). Conclusions The stenosis of the femoral intercondylar notch and small medial tibial spine is risk factors of meniscal injury. The decreased NWI and the medial tibial spine height were also associated with the severity of the meniscal injury. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13018-022-03380-2.
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11
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Hernandez PA, Moreno M, Barati Z, Hutcherson C, Sathe AA, Xing C, Wright J, Welch T, Dhaher Y. Sexual Dimorphism in the Extracellular and Pericellular Matrix of Articular Cartilage. Cartilage 2022; 13:19476035221121792. [PMID: 36069595 PMCID: PMC9459468 DOI: 10.1177/19476035221121792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Women have a higher prevalence and burden of joint injuries and pathologies involving articular cartilage than men. Although knee injuries affecting young women are on the rise, most studies related to sexual dimorphism target postmenopausal women. We hypothesize that sexual dimorphism in cartilage structure and mechanics is present before menopause, which can contribute to sex disparities in cartilage pathologies. DESIGN Bovine knee was used as a model to study healthy adult cartilage. We compared elastic moduli under compression, abundances of extracellular and pericellular matrix (PCM) proteins using proteomics, and PCM constituency with tissue immunofluorescence. The gene expression of matrix-related genes under basal, anabolic, and catabolic conditions was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). RESULTS The equilibrium modulus was higher in male cartilage compared with female cartilage. Proteoglycans were not associated with this biomechanical dimorphism. Proteomic and pathway analyses of tissue showed dimorphic enriched pathways in extracellular matrix (ECM)-related proteins in which male cartilage was enriched in matrix interconnectors and crosslinkers that strengthen the ECM network. Moreover, male and female tissue differed in enriched PCM components. Females had more abundance of collagen type VI and decorin, suggesting different PCM mechanics. Furthermore, the activation of regenerative and catabolic function in chondrocytes triggered sex-dependent signatures in gene expression, indicating dimorphic genetic regulation that is dependent on stimulation. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence for sexual dimorphism in cartilage before menopause. Some differences are intrinsic to chondrocytes' gene expression defined by their XX versus XY chromosomal constituency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula A. Hernandez
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery,
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Paula A. Hernandez, Department of
Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry
Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Miranda Moreno
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery,
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Zahra Barati
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery,
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Conner Hutcherson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery,
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Adwait A. Sathe
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human
Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,
USA
| | - Chao Xing
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human
Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,
USA,Department of Bioinformatics,
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Department of Population and Data
Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jamie Wright
- Department of Cardiovascular and
Thoracic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,
USA
| | - Tre Welch
- Department of Cardiovascular and
Thoracic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,
USA
| | - Yasin Dhaher
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery,
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,
USA
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12
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Shultz SJ, Cruz MR, Casey E, Dompier TP, Ford KR, Pietrosimone B, Schmitz RJ, Taylor JB. Sex-Specific Changes in Physical Risk Factors for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury by Chronological Age and Stages of Growth and Maturation From 8 to 18 Years of Age. J Athl Train 2022; 57:830-876. [PMID: 36638346 PMCID: PMC9842121 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0038.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To critically assess the literature focused on sex-specific trajectories in physical characteristics associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk by age and maturational stage. DATA SOURCES PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus databases were searched through December 2021. STUDY SELECTION Longitudinal and cross-sectional studies of healthy 8- to 18-year-olds, stratified by sex and age or maturation on ≥1 measure of body composition, lower extremity strength, ACL size, joint laxity, knee-joint geometry, lower extremity alignment, balance, or lower extremity biomechanics were included. DATA EXTRACTION Extracted data included study design, participant characteristics, maturational metrics, and outcome measures. We used random-effects meta-analyses to examine sex differences in trajectory over time. For each variable, standardized differences in means between sexes were calculated. DATA SYNTHESIS The search yielded 216 primary and 22 secondary articles. Less fat-free mass, leg strength, and power and greater general joint laxity were evident in girls by 8 to 10 years of age and Tanner stage I. Sex differences in body composition, strength, power, general joint laxity, and balance were more evident by 11 to 13 years of age and when transitioning from the prepubertal to pubertal stages. Sex differences in ACL size (smaller in girls), anterior knee laxity and tibiofemoral angle (greater in girls), and higher-risk biomechanics (in girls) were observed at later ages and when transitioning from the pubertal to postpubertal stages. Inconsistent study designs and data reporting limited the number of included studies. CONCLUSIONS Critical gaps remain in our knowledge and highlight the need to improve our understanding of the relative timing and tempo of ACL risk factor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra J. Shultz
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina, Greensboro
| | | | | | | | | | - Brian Pietrosimone
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Randy J. Schmitz
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina, Greensboro
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13
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Liu Z, Jiang J, Yi Q, Teng Y, Liu X, He J, Zhang K, Wang L, Teng F, Geng B, Xia Y, Wu M. An increased posterior tibial slope is associated with a higher risk of graft failure following ACL reconstruction: a systematic review. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2022; 30:2377-2387. [PMID: 35124715 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-022-06888-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The posterior tibial slope (PTS) is considered a risk factor for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. However, the influence of PTS on graft failure following ACL reconstruction remains relatively unknown. Therefore, this systematic review was conducted to investigate whether PTS could be a potential risk factor for graft failure after ACL reconstruction. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, and Wanfang Database were comprehensively searched from inception to March 31, 2021. Observational studies reporting the associations of medial tibial plateau slope (MTPS) or lateral tibial plateau slope (LTPS) with graft failure after ACL reconstruction were evaluated. RESULTS Twenty studies involving 12 case-control studies, 4 retrospective studies and 4 cross-sectional studies including 5326 patients met the final inclusion criteria. The high heterogeneity and the characteristics of nonrandomized controlled trials limited data synthesis. Fifteen of the 20 included studies detected a significant association between increased PTS and ACL graft failure, while 5 studies concluded that increased PTS was not associated with ACL graft failure. Ten studies suggested that MTPS is associated with ACL graft failure, and six studies suggested that LTPS is associated with ACL graft failure. The mean MTPS values for nonfailure group ranged from 3.5° ± 2.5° to 14.4° ± 2.8°. For the graft failure group, MTPS ranged from 4.71° ± 2.41° to 17.2° ± 2.2°. The mean LTPS values for nonfailure group ranged from 2.9° ± 2.1° to 11.9° ± 3.0°. For the graft failure group, LTPS ranged from 5.5° ± 3.0° to 13.3° ± 3.0°. The reported PTS values that caused ACL graft failure was greater than 7.4° to 17°. CONCLUSION Based on the current clinical evidence, increased PTS is associated with a higher risk of ACL graft failure after ACL reconstruction. Despite various methods of measuring PTS have high reliability, there is still vast disagreement in the actual value of PTS. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongcheng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Gansu Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Jin Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Gansu Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Qiong Yi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Gansu Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Yuanjun Teng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Gansu Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Xuening Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Gansu Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Jinwen He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Gansu Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Gansu Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Lifu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Gansu Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Fei Teng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Gansu Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Bin Geng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Gansu Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Yayi Xia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Gansu Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Gansu Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
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Editorial Commentary: Osseous Anatomy of the Knee in Female Patients is a Significant Risk Factor for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft Failure. Arthroscopy 2022; 38:1605-1607. [PMID: 35501024 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2021.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Risk for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is greater in female than in male patients for a myriad of reasons, with osseous anatomy about the knee proving to be one significant risk factor for ACL injury and/or ACL graft failure. While femoral intercondylar notch size/shape and posterior tibial slope have been well-examined in this regard for their contribution to potential ACL injury, morphology of the lateral femoral condyle is a newer entity that may be linked to risk for ACL injury. Smaller/stenotic femoral intercondylar notches, increased posterior tibial slope of the lateral tibial plateau, and increased posterior condylar depth of the lateral femoral condyle have all been shown to increase risk for ACL injury and/or ACL graft failure. Such associations provide knee surgeons with food for thought when considering procedures such as notchplasty, staged anterior closing wedge high tibial osteotomy, and anterolateral ligament reconstruction/augmentation at the time of primary or revision ACL reconstruction. Further investigation into the links between pre-operative imaging parameters and outcomes following such concomitant procedures is required in order for any significant conclusions to be drawn.
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15
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Jeon N, Choi NH, Hwangbo BH, Victoroff BN. An Increased Lateral Femoral Condyle Ratio in Addition to Increased Posterior Tibial Slope and Narrower Notch Index Is a Risk Factor for Female Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury. Arthroscopy 2022; 38:1597-1604. [PMID: 34710572 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2021.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between the lateral femoral condyle ratio (LFCR) among osseous morphologic characteristics of the knee and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in female patients. METHODS Inclusion criteria were female patients (ACL group, n = 59) undergoing primary ACL reconstruction from 2012 to 2018. Control female patients (control group, n = 58) were matched by age, height, and body mass index to ACL group. They had no meniscal or ligament tear, and no trochlear dysplasia on magnetic resonance imaging. The LFCR, notch width index (NWI), and posterior tibial slope (PTS) were measured and compared between the ACL and control groups. For each risk factor, the receiver operating characteristic curve and the area under the curve and its 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated to determine the cutoff for detecting increased risk of ACL injury. RESULTS The LFCR was significantly larger in the knees in the ACL group than in the control group (P = .001). The NWI was significantly smaller and the PTS was significantly larger in the knees in the ACL group than in the control group (P = .000, P = .000, respectively). The NWI (odds ratio [OR] 1.41; P = .000) was the most significant factor, followed by the PTS (OR 1.29; P = .003) and the LFCR (OR 1.26; P = .001). The area under the curve (0.67, 95% CI 0.58-0.77) for the LFCR had a sensitivity of 66% and specificity of 66% to predict an ACL injury. The cutoff of 63.9 was associated with an increased risk for ACL injury (OR 3.71; 95% CI 1.73-7.95). CONCLUSIONS An increased LFCR was associated with female ACL injury. The LFCR, NWI, and PTS are predictive risk factors for an ACL injury. These findings need to be considered for clinician in identifying female patients at risk for an ACL injury. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III, retrospective comparative prognostic trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neunghan Jeon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Eulji Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nam-Hong Choi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Eulji Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Byung-Hun Hwangbo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Eulji Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Brian N Victoroff
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A
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16
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Anchustegui N, Grimm NL, Milbrandt TA, Rustad A, Shea C, Troyer S, Dingel AB, Ganley TJ, Fabricant PD, Shea KG. Medial and Lateral Posterior Tibial Slope in the Skeletally Immature: A Cadaveric Study. Orthop J Sports Med 2022; 10:23259671221088331. [PMID: 35400135 PMCID: PMC8984849 DOI: 10.1177/23259671221088331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: An increased posterior tibial slope (PTS) results in greater force on the
anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and is a risk factor for ACL injuries.
Biomechanical studies have suggested that a reduction in the PTS angle may
lower the risk of ACL injuries. However, the majority of these
investigations have been in the adult population. Purpose: To assess the mean medial and lateral PTS on pediatric cadaveric specimens
without known knee injuries. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 39 pediatric knee specimens with computed tomography scans were
analyzed. Specimens analyzed were between the ages of 2 and 12 years. The
PTS of each specimen was measured on sagittal computed tomography slices at
2 locations for the medial and lateral angles. The measurements were plotted
graphically by age to account for the variability in development within age
groups. The anterior medial and lateral tibial plateau widths were measured.
The distance between the top of the tibial plateau and the physis was
measured. The independent-samples t test and analysis of
variance were used to analyze the measurements. Results: The mean PTS angle for the medial and lateral tibial plateaus was 5.53° ±
4.17° and 5.95° ± 3.96°, respectively. The difference between the PTS angles
of the medial and lateral tibial plateaus was not statistically significant
(P > .05). When plotted graphically by age, no trend
between age and PTS was identified. Conclusion: This data set offers values for the PTS in skeletally immature specimens
without a history of ACL injury and suggests that age may not be an accurate
predictive factor for PTS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Todd A. Milbrandt
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Audrey Rustad
- George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Cooper Shea
- Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Stockton Troyer
- George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Aleksei B. Dingel
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - Kevin G. Shea
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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17
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Borjali A, Nourani A, Moeinnia H, Mohseni M, Korani H, Ghias N, Chizari M. Comparison of mechanical properties in interference screw fixation technique and organic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction method: a biomechanical study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:1047. [PMID: 34930185 PMCID: PMC8691038 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04788-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone and Site Hold Tendon Inside (BASHTI) technique is an organic implant-less technique for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with some clinical advantages, such as speeding up the healing process, over implantable techniques. The study aims to compare the mechanical properties of BASHTI technique with the conventional interference screw technique. Methods To investigate the mechanical properties, 20 in-vitro experimental tests were conducted. Synthetic dummy bone, along with fresh digital bovine tendons, as a graft, were used for experiments. Three loading steps were applied to all specimens, including a preconditioning, a main cyclic, and a pull-out loading. Results The mechanical characters of an interference screw technique using an 8 mm tendon diameter, including fixation strength, average cyclic stiffness (ACS), and average pull-out stiffness (APS) were found to be 439 ± 132 N, 10.3 ± 5.3 kN/mm, and 109 ± 40 N/mm, respectively. In the case of an interference screw using a 9 mm tendon, the fixation strength, ACS, and APS were obtained 549 ± 87 N, 10.3 ± 4.7 kN/mm, and 91 ± 13 N/mm, respectively. In parallel, the fixation strength, APS, and ACS of BASHTI technique using an 8 mm tendon were 360 ± 123 N, 3.3 ± 0.6 kN/mm, and 79 ± 27 N/mm, respectively, while, for 9 mm tendon 278 ± 103 N, 2.4 ± 1.2 kN/mm, and 111 ± 40 N/mm, were reported for fixation strength, APS, and ACS respectively when BASHTI technique was used. Conclusion About 50% of interference screw samples showed superior mechanical properties compared to BASHTI technique, but in another half of the samples, the differences were not significant (N.S.). However, due to organic advantages of BASHTI technique and lower cost, it could be used as a substitute for interference screw technique, especially where fast recovery is expected. Developing an organic implant-less technique which has numerous clinical advantages Comparing this novel technique with interference screw technique Implementing synthetic Sawbones blocks to have a controlled study Selecting the best fixation condition for this novel technique
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Borjali
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Nourani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hadi Moeinnia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mohseni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Korani
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Ghias
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Chizari
- Department of Engineering and Technology, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane Campus, Hatfield, AL10 9AB, UK.
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18
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Zhang J, Ma J, Huang J, Wang G, Huang Y, Li Z, Yan J, Zeng X, Zhu H, Zhao W, Li Y, He B. Feasibility study of early prediction of postoperative MRI findings for knee stability after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:649. [PMID: 34330243 PMCID: PMC8325238 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04507-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background At present, the most effective and mature treatment after ACL injury and tear is ACL reconstruction, but the rehabilitation process after ACL reconstruction that is very long, so it is very important to find early MRI positive findings of knee instability. Methods We retrospectively collected the clinical and imaging data of 70 patients who underwent ACL reconstruction from January 2016 to December 2019; Based on clinical criteria, the patients were divided into a stable group (n = 57) and an unstable group (n = 13); We measured the MRI imaging evaluation indexes, including the position of the bone tunnel, graft status, and the anatomical factors; Statistical methods were used to compare the differences of imaging evaluation indexes between the two groups; The prediction equation was constructed and ROC curve was used to compare the prediction efficiency of independent prediction factors and prediction equation. Results There were significant differences in the abnormal position of tibial tunnel entrance, percentage of the position of tibial tunnel entrance, position of tibial tunnel exit, lateral tibial posterior slope (LTPS), width of intercondylar notch between stable knee joint group and unstable knee joint group after ACL reconstruction (P < 0.05); The position of tibial tunnel exits and the lateral tibial posterior slope (LTPS) and the sagittal obliquity of the graft were independent predictors among surgical factors and self-anatomical factors (P < 0.05); The prediction equation of postoperative knee stability was established: Logit(P) = -1.067–0.231*position of tibial tunnel exit + 0.509*lateral tibial posterior slope (LTPS)-2.105*sagittal obliquity of the graft; The prediction equation predicted that the AUC of knee instability was 0.915, the sensitivity was 84.6%, and the specificity was 91.2%. Conclusions We found that abnormalities of the position of the exit of the bone tunnel, lateral tibial posterior slope (LTPS) and sagittal obliquity of the graft were the early MRI positive findings of knee instability after ACL reconstruction. It is helpful for clinicians to predict the stability of knee joint after ACL reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Zhang
- Medical Imaging Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jiyao Ma
- Medical Imaging Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Medical Imaging Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Guoliang Wang
- Medical Imaging Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yilong Huang
- Medical Imaging Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhenhui Li
- Medical Imaging Department, Yunnan Cancer Hospital &, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Medical Imaging Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaomin Zeng
- Medical Imaging Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Hongli Zhu
- Medical Imaging Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Medical Imaging Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yanlin Li
- Medical Imaging Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
| | - Bo He
- Medical Imaging Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
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19
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Fan N, Zheng YC, Zang L, Yang CG, Yuan S, Du P, Liu YM, Zhao Q, Wang JW. What is the impact of knee morphology on posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture in men and women: a case control study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:100. [PMID: 33478440 PMCID: PMC7819342 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-03984-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies on the relationship between morphological parameters and traumatic diseases of the knee have already been conducted. However, few studies focused on the association between knee morphology and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fracture in adults. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of knee morphology on PCL avulsion fracture. Methods 76 patients (comprised 40 men and 36 women) with PCL avulsion fracture and 76 age- and sex-matched controls without PCL avulsion fracture were studied from 2012 to 2020. MRI measurements of the knee were acquired in the sagittal, coronal, and axial planes. The assessed measurements including intercondylar notch width index, coronal tibial slope, and medial/lateral posterior tibial slopes were compared between men and women, and between case and control groups respectively using independent sample t-tests. In addition, binary logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent risk factors of PCL avulsion fracture. Results Except notch width index (coronal) (p = 0.003) in the case groups, there was no statistical difference in the assessed measurements including notch width index (axial), coronal tibial slope, medial posterior tibial slope, and lateral posterior tibial slope between men and women in the case and control groups (p > 0.05). When female patients were analyzed, the notch width index (coronal) was significantly smaller (p = 0.0004), the medial posterior tibial slope (p = 0.018) and the lateral posterior tibial slope (p = 0.033) were significantly higher in the case group. The binary logistic regression analysis showed that the notch width index (coronal) (B = -0.347, OR = 0.707, p = 0.003) was found to be an independent factor of PCL avulsion fracture. However, none of the assessed measurements was found to have a statistical difference between the case and control groups in men (p > 0.05). Conclusions Notch width index (coronal), medial posterior tibial slope, and lateral posterior tibial slope were found to affect PCL avulsion fracture in women, but no such measurements affected the PCL avulsion fracture in men. Furthermore, a smaller notch width index (coronal) in women was found to be a risk factor in PCL avulsion fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Chen Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Shunyi District Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zang
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Cheng-Gang Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Shunyi District Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Shuo Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Du
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Mei Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Shunyi District Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Shunyi District Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Shunyi District Hospital, Beijing, China
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