1
|
Lewis CL, Shefelbine SJ. Lost in research translation: Female athletes are not male athletes, especially at the hip. J Orthop Res 2024; 42:2054-2060. [PMID: 38644357 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Altered shape of the proximal femur (cam morphology) or acetabulum (pincer morphology) is indicative of femoroacetabular impingement, which can result in hip pain and osteoarthritis of the hip. As mechanical load during growth affects the resulting bone shape, there is strong evidence in males that cam morphology develops during skeletal growth while physes are open, rather than as an adaptation after growth plates are closed (skeletal maturity). This adaptation is particularly evident in athletes who participate at elite levels prior to skeletal maturity. The research providing this evidence, however, has primarily focused on male athletes. Despite the lack of inclusion in the research, females consistently comprise two thirds of the clinical and surgical populations with structural hip pain or pathology. Knowledge gained from male-dominated cohorts may not appropriately transfer to female athletes, especially at the hip. This perspectives article briefly reviews differences between females and males in femoral and acetabular structure, hormones, timing of puberty/maturation, hypermobility, activity level and movement control-factors which affect hip structure development and loading. Without female-focused research, the application of research findings from male athletes to female athletes may lead to ineffective or even inappropriate recommendations and treatments. Thus, there is a critical need for investment in research to promote life-long hip health for females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cara L Lewis
- Department of Physical Therapy, Sargent College of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sandra J Shefelbine
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering and Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Larson JH, Kazi O, Beals C, Alvero A, Kaplan DJ, Fenn TW, Brusalis C, Allahabadi S, Morgan V, Nho SJ. Females and Males Achieve Similar Improvement, Outcomes, and Survivorship Following Hip Arthroscopy with Labral and Capsular Repair for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome at Minimum 10-Year Follow-Up. Arthroscopy 2024:S0749-8063(24)00463-8. [PMID: 38936561 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2024.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of patient sex on 10-year patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and survivorship after hip arthroscopy (HA) for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS). METHODS Patients who underwent primary HA for FAIS with minimum 10-year follow-up from 1/2012-12/2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Female patients were propensity-matched to male patients in a 1:1 ratio by age and body mass index. PROs and rates of minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and patient-acceptable symptom state (PASS) achievement were compared between cohorts. Rate of reoperation-free survivorship was compared between sexes. RESULTS One-hundred and twenty-one- females (age: 36.2 ± 12.3 years) were matched to 121 males (age: 35.7 ± 11.3 years, p = 0.594) at average follow-up of 10.4 ± 0.4 years. There were no differences in any preoperative demographic characteristics between the groups (p ≥ 0.187). Both groups demonstrated significant improvement in every PRO measure between the preoperative and 10-year postoperative time points (p < 0.001). The magnitude of improvement was similar between the groups for all PRO measures (p ≥ 0.139). At 10-years, female patients trended towards higher MCID achievement for the Hip Outcome Score-Activities of Daily Living subscale (HOS-ADL) than male patients (72.7% vs. 57.3%, p = 0.061), with otherwise similar MCID achievement rates. Females trended towards significantly lower HOS-Sports Subscale PASS achievement (65.4% vs. 77.1%, p = 0.121) with otherwise similar PASS achievement rates between the groups (p ≥ 0.170). CONCLUSION Female and male patients experienced similar improvement in PROs at ten-year follow-up. MCID and PASS achievement rates were predominantly similar between sexes. Survivorship did not differ between groups. Long-term success can be expected for appropriately indicated patients undergoing HA for FAIS, regardless of sex. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III, Retrospective Cohort Study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan H Larson
- Section of Young Adult Hip Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush Medical College of Rush University, Rush University Medical Center; Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Omair Kazi
- Section of Young Adult Hip Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush Medical College of Rush University, Rush University Medical Center; Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Corey Beals
- Section of Young Adult Hip Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush Medical College of Rush University, Rush University Medical Center; Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexander Alvero
- Section of Young Adult Hip Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush Medical College of Rush University, Rush University Medical Center; Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel J Kaplan
- Section of Young Adult Hip Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush Medical College of Rush University, Rush University Medical Center; Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thomas W Fenn
- Section of Young Adult Hip Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush Medical College of Rush University, Rush University Medical Center; Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christopher Brusalis
- Section of Young Adult Hip Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush Medical College of Rush University, Rush University Medical Center; Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sachin Allahabadi
- Section of Young Adult Hip Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush Medical College of Rush University, Rush University Medical Center; Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vince Morgan
- Section of Young Adult Hip Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush Medical College of Rush University, Rush University Medical Center; Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shane J Nho
- Section of Young Adult Hip Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush Medical College of Rush University, Rush University Medical Center; Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Battistelli M, Tassinari E, Trisolino G, Govoni M, Ruspaggiari G, De Franceschi L, Dallari D, Burini D, Ramonda R, Favero M, Traina F, Grigolo B, Olivotto E. Hip Labral Morphological Changes in Patients with Femoroacetabular Impingement Speed Up the Onset of Early Osteoarthritis. Calcif Tissue Int 2023; 112:666-674. [PMID: 36949181 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01076-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, evidence has mounted for a prominent etiologic role of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) in the development of early hip osteoarthritis (OA). The aim of this study was to compare the ultrastructure and tissue composition of the hip labrum in healthy and pathological conditions, as FAI and OA, to provide understanding of structural changes which might be helpful in the future to design targeted therapies and improve treatment indications. We analyzed labral tissue samples from five healthy multi-organ donors (MCDs) (median age, 38 years), five FAI patients (median age, 37 years) and five late-stage OA patients undergoing total hip replacement (median age, 56 years). We evaluated morpho-functional by histology and transmission electron microscopy. Extracellular matrix (ECM) structure changes were similar in specimens from FAI compared to those from patients with OA (more severe in the latter) showing disorganization of collagen fibers and increased proteoglycan content. In FAI and in OA nuclei the chromatin was condensed, organelle degenerated and cytoplasm vacuolized. Areas of calcification were mainly observed in FAI and OA labrum, as well as apoptotic-like features. We showed that labral tissue of patients with FAI had similar pathological alterations of tissue obtained from OA patients, suggesting that FAI patients might have high susceptibility to develop OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Battistelli
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Urbino University "Carlo Bo", Via Ca' Le Suore 2, 61029, Urbino, PU, Italy.
| | - Enrico Tassinari
- Orthopaedic-Traumatology and Prosthetic Surgery and Revisions of Hip and Knee, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Trisolino
- Pediatric Orthopedic and Traumatology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Govoni
- Reconstructive Orthopedic Surgery and Innovative Techniques - Musculoskeletal Tissue Bank, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ruspaggiari
- Reconstructive Orthopedic Surgery and Innovative Techniques - Musculoskeletal Tissue Bank, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia De Franceschi
- Reconstructive Orthopedic Surgery and Innovative Techniques - Musculoskeletal Tissue Bank, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dante Dallari
- Reconstructive Orthopedic Surgery and Innovative Techniques - Musculoskeletal Tissue Bank, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Debora Burini
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Urbino University "Carlo Bo", Via Ca' Le Suore 2, 61029, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Roberta Ramonda
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Rheumatology Unit, University Hospital of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Marta Favero
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Rheumatology Unit, University Hospital of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Medicine Unit 1, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Francesco Traina
- Orthopaedic-Traumatology and Prosthetic Surgery and Revisions of Hip and Knee, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Brunella Grigolo
- RAMSES Laboratory, RIT Department, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Eleonora Olivotto
- RAMSES Laboratory, RIT Department, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cohen D, Jean PO, Patel M, Aravinthan N, Simunovic N, Duong A, Safran MR, Khanduja V, Ayeni OR. Hip microinstability diagnosis and management: a systematic review. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2023; 31:16-32. [PMID: 35441843 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-022-06976-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review is to present the most common causes, diagnostic features, treatment options and outcomes of patients with hip micro-instability. METHODS Three online databases (MEDLINE, Embase, and PubMed) were searched from database inception March 2022, for literature addressing the diagnosis and management of patients with hip micro-instability. Given the lack of consistent reporting of patient outcomes across studies, the results are presented in a descriptive summary fashion. RESULTS Overall, there were a total of 9 studies including 189 patients (193 hips) included in this review of which 89% were female. All studies were level IV evidence with a mean MINORS score of 12 (range: 10-13). The most commonly used features for diagnosis of micro-instability on history were anterior pain in 146 (78%) patients and a subjective feeling of instability with gait in 143 (81%) patients, while the most common feature on physical examination was the presence of anterior apprehension with combined hip extension and external rotation in 123 (65%) patients. The most common causes of micro-instability were iatrogenic instability secondary to either capsular insufficiency or cam over-resection in 76 (62%) patients and soft tissue laxity in 38 (31%) patients. CONCLUSION The most common symptom of micro-instability on history was anterior hip pain and on physical exam was pain with hip extension and external rotation. There are many treatment options and when managed appropriately based on the precise cause of micro-instability, patients may demonstrate improved outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Cohen
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University Medical Centre, 1200 Main St West, 4E15, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Pierre-Olivier Jean
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University Medical Centre, 1200 Main St West, 4E15, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Milin Patel
- Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Nicole Simunovic
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University Medical Centre, 1200 Main St West, 4E15, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Andrew Duong
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University Medical Centre, 1200 Main St West, 4E15, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Marc R Safran
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Vikas Khanduja
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Olufemi R Ayeni
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University Medical Centre, 1200 Main St West, 4E15, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada. .,Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Maldonado DR, Kufta AY, Krych AJ, Levy BA, Okoroha KR, Gonzalez-Carta K, Domb BG. Primary Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome in Adolescents Improves Outcomes and Clinical Benefit Achievement Rates at Short-Term Follow-Up. A Multicenter Analysis. Arthroscopy 2022; 39:1211-1219. [PMID: 36572612 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2022.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report minimum 2-year follow-up patient-reported outcome scores (PROs) and rates of achieving the minimal clinically important difference (MCID), the patient-acceptable symptomatic state (PASS), and the maximal outcome improvement (MOI) on adolescents following primary hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS). Second, to determine risk factors for revision surgery. METHODS Prospectively collected data from two high-volume hip arthroscopy centers were retrospectively reviewed on adolescents (≤19 years old) who underwent primary hip arthroscopy between November 2008 and February 2019. Adolescents with a minimum 2-year follow-up for the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Non-Arthritic Hip Score (NAHS), Hip Outcome Score-Sports Specific Subscale (HOS-SSS), International Hip Outcome Tool-12 (iHOT-12), and visual analog scale (VAS) for pain were included regardless of their growth plate status. Exclusion criteria were Tönnis grade >1, lateral center edge-angle <18°, and previous ipsilateral hip surgery or conditions. Preoperative and postoperative radiographic data, MCID, PASS, MOI, secondary surgeries, and complications were reported. A multivariable survival analysis for risk factors for secondary surgery was conducted. RESULTS A total of 287 hips (249 patients) were included (74.9% females). The mean values for age, body mass index, and follow-up were 16.3 ± 1.3 years, 22.3 ± 3.5, and 26.6 ± 9.4 months, respectively. Further, 88.9% underwent labral repair, 81.5% femoroplasty, and 85.4% capsular closure. Improvement for all PROs was reported (P < .001) with high patient satisfaction (8.8 ± 1.5). Achievement for the MCID was 71.7%, 83.0%, 68.1%, and 79.5% for the mHHS, NAHS, HOS-SSS, and iHOT-12, respectively. Achievement for the PASS was 68.3% for the mHHS and 73.2% for the NAHS. The MOI for mHHS, NAHS, and VAS was 58.3%, 77.0%, and 59.6%, respectively. Rates of revision hip arthroscopy, cam recurrence, and heterotopic ossification were 5.8%, 1.7%, and 5.5%, respectively. Acetabular retroversion was found to be a risk factor for revision surgery (P = .03). CONCLUSION The results of this multi-center study demonstrated that adolescents who underwent primary hip arthroscopy for FAIS reported significant improvement in all PROs, with satisfactory achievement rates for the MCID, PASS, MOI, and high patient satisfaction at a minimum 2-year follow-up. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV, retrospective multicenter study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David R Maldonado
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Allison Y Kufta
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Aaron J Krych
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Bruce A Levy
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kelechi R Okoroha
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Karina Gonzalez-Carta
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Benjamin G Domb
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois, USA; American Hip Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Matthewson G, Williams A, Macciacchera M, Shahabinezhad A, Duong A, Ayeni OR. Effective Management Options for Treatment of Microinstability of the Hip: a Scoping Review. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 2022; 16:9-18. [PMID: 36472785 PMCID: PMC9839911 DOI: 10.1007/s12178-022-09808-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the recent literature identifying and summarizing the research involving management of microinstability of the hip and highlight new and evolving techniques in its treatment. RECENT FINDINGS Recent updates in the understanding of capsular management hip arthroscopy will likely lead to less revision surgery and a decreased incidence of persistent post-operative pain. Repair of residual capsular defects has shown good outcomes with high patient satisfaction. Capsular plication remains the gold standard for hips with increased pain that show signs of capsular laxity/deficiency on exam or imaging. Capsular reconstruction has shown equivalent results to other revision hip arthroscopy procedures with low rates of complications. Ligamentum teres pathology, although rare, should be considered a source of pain, particularly in patients with laxity on exam. In cases where CAM over-resection has occurred, remplissage using allograft is an effective option for restoring the capsular suction seal and stability. Microinstability is increasingly being recognized as a source of post-operative hip pain. Patients with collagen disorders remain a challenging clinical entity with increased rates of complications and post-operative pain. CAM resection should be performed carefully and not disrupt the suction seal but be sufficient to not cause further impingement. Improved evidence including well-designed prospective studies with large sample sizes will determine the future management of this complex problem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Matthewson
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, 1200 Main St West, 4E15, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5 Canada
| | - Allison Williams
- grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Matthew Macciacchera
- grid.4912.e0000 0004 0488 7120Faculty of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ali Shahabinezhad
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, 1200 Main St West, 4E15, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5 Canada
| | - Andrew Duong
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, 1200 Main St West, 4E15, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5 Canada
| | - Olufemi R. Ayeni
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, 1200 Main St West, 4E15, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Owens JS, Lee MS, Jimenez AE, Maldonado DR, Lall AC, Domb BG. Elite Female Athletes Demonstrate a Comparable Improvement in Midterm Patient-Reported Outcome Scores and Rate of Return to Sport Compared With Elite Male Athletes After Hip Arthroscopic Surgery: A Sex-Based Comparison in Professional and Collegiate Athletes. Am J Sports Med 2022; 50:3600-3609. [PMID: 36197056 DOI: 10.1177/03635465221123060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have compared outcomes, return to sport (RTS), and continuation of sport (CTS) after primary hip arthroscopic surgery between matched groups of male and female athletes with a minimum 5-year follow-up. PURPOSE (1) To report minimum 5-year patient-reported outcome (PRO) scores as well as RTS and CTS rates for elite female athletes undergoing hip arthroscopic surgery for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) and (2) to compare clinical results with those of a matched control group of elite male athletes. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS Data were prospectively collected and retrospectively reviewed for elite (collegiate or professional) female athletes who underwent primary hip arthroscopic surgery for FAIS between March 2009 and March 2016. Inclusion criteria were preoperative and minimum 5-year scores for the modified Harris Hip Score, Nonarthritic Hip Score, Hip Outcome Score-Sport Specific Subscale, and visual analog scale for pain. Exclusion criteria were Tönnis grade >1, hip dysplasia, previous ipsilateral hip surgery/conditions, and those unwilling to participate. Rates of achieving the minimal clinically important difference (MCID), Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS), and maximum outcome improvement satisfaction threshold (MOIST) were recorded in addition to RTS. CTS was also recorded and defined as athletes reporting continued sport activity at a minimum 5-year follow-up after initially reporting returning to sport. Elite female athletes were propensity matched in a 1:1 ratio to elite male athletes for comparison. RESULTS A total of 81 hips in elite female athletes that underwent primary hip arthroscopic surgery met the inclusion criteria, and follow-up was available for 65 hips (80.2%) at a mean of 67.6 ± 6.5 months, with a mean age of 24.3 ± 6.8 years. Female athletes demonstrated significant improvements in all recorded PRO scores; achieved the MCID, PASS, and MOIST at high rates; returned to sport at a rate of 80.4%; and continued sport at a rate of 97.1%. Female athletes demonstrated lower preoperative PRO scores compared with male athletes, but postoperative PRO scores; improvements in scores; rates of achieving the MCID, PASS, MOIST; and RTS and CTS rates were similar between female and male athletes. CONCLUSION Elite female athletes undergoing primary hip arthroscopic surgery for FAIS demonstrated favorable PRO scores and high RTS and CTS rates at a minimum 5-year follow-up. These results were comparable with those of a propensity-matched control group of elite male athletes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jade S Owens
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Des Plaines, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael S Lee
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Des Plaines, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrew E Jimenez
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Des Plaines, Illinois, USA
| | - David R Maldonado
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Des Plaines, Illinois, USA
| | - Ajay C Lall
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Des Plaines, Illinois, USA.,American Hip Institute, Des Plaines, Illinois, USA
| | - Benjamin G Domb
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Des Plaines, Illinois, USA.,American Hip Institute, Des Plaines, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|