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Cucchi D, Walter SG, Baumgartner T, Menon A, Egger L, Randelli PS, Surges R, Wirtz DC, Friedrich MJ. Poor midterm clinical outcomes and a high percentage of unsatisfying results are reported after seizure-related shoulder injuries, especially after posterior proximal humerus fracture-dislocations. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2024; 33:1340-1351. [PMID: 37879597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2023.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treating seizure-related shoulder injuries is challenging, and an evidence-based consensus to guide clinicians is lacking. The aim of this prospective single-center observational clinical trial was to evaluate the clinical results of a cohort of patients undergoing treatment of seizure-related shoulder injuries, to categorize them according to the lesion's characteristics, with special focus on patients with proximal humerus fracture-dislocations (PHFDs), and to define groups at risk of obtaining unsatisfactory results. We hypothesized that patients with a PHFD, considered the worst-case scenario among these injuries, would report worse clinical results in terms of the quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire (qDASH) as compared to the other patients. METHODS Patients referred to a tertiary epilepsy center who have seizure-related shoulder injuries and with a minimum follow-up of 1 year were included. A quality-of-life assessment instrument (EQ-5D-5L), a district-specific patient-reported outcome measure (qDASH), and a pain assessment tool (visual analog scale [VAS]) were used for the clinical outcome evaluation. Subjective satisfaction and fear of new shoulder injuries was also documented. Categorization and subgroup analysis according to the presence and features of selected specific lesions were performed. RESULTS A total of 111 patients were deemed eligible and 83 were available for follow-up (median age 38 years, 30% females), accounting for a total of 107 injured shoulders. After a median follow-up of 3.9 (1.6-8.2) years, overall moderate clinical results were reported. In addition, 34.1% of the patients reported a VAS score ≥35 mm, indicating moderate to severe pain, and 34.1% a qDASH score ≥40 points, indicating severe disability of an upper limb. These percentages rose to, respectively, 45.5% and 48.5% in the subgroup of patients with PHFDs and to 68.8% and 68.8% in patients experiencing posterior PHFD. Overall, 46.9% of the patients considered themselves unsatisfied with the treatment and 62.5% reported a persistent fear of a new shoulder injury. CONCLUSIONS Patients with seizure-related shoulder injuries reported only moderate clinical results at their midterm follow-up. Older age, male sex, and absence or discontinuation of antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment were identified as characterizing features of patients with posterior dislocation episodes. In patients with PHFD, a tendency to worse clinical results was observed, with posterior PHFD patients emerging as a definite subgroup at risk of reporting unsatisfying results after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Cucchi
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Gottfried Walter
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Plastic-Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Alessandra Menon
- U.O.C. 1° Clinica Ortopedica, ASST Gaetano Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy; Laboratory of Applied Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Scuola di Specializzazione in Statistica Sanitaria e Biometria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lisa Egger
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Pietro Simone Randelli
- U.O.C. 1° Clinica Ortopedica, ASST Gaetano Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy; Laboratory of Applied Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Research Center for Adult and Pediatric Rheumatic Diseases (RECAP-RD), Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Rainer Surges
- Research Center for Adult and Pediatric Rheumatic Diseases (RECAP-RD), Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Max Julian Friedrich
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Rai A, Chouhan D, Nema SK, Madegowda A, Narayan R, Kar BK. Latarjet operation carries three times the risk of failure in seizure versus non-seizure recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder joint: outcome of a systematic review with meta-analysis. Clin Shoulder Elb 2024; 27:160-168. [PMID: 38738326 PMCID: PMC11181062 DOI: 10.5397/cise.2023.00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation (RASD) in cases of seizure disorders (SDs) total 50%-80% of all SD-associated shoulder instabilities. Based on the extent of bone loss, treatment options include bony and soft-tissue reconstructions, arthroplasty, and arthrodesis. The primary objective of this paper was to review the treatment options for RASD in SDs. METHODS Several bibliographic databases were searched for RASD treatment options in SD patients. The demographic outcome measures, the failure rate (defined as the relative risk of recurrence of dislocation postoperation), and the postoperative seizure recurrence rate were recorded. RESULTS We pooled 171 cases (187 shoulders) from 11 studies. Of these, one, five, two, two, and one reports studied Bankart's operation with remplissage (27 cases/29 shoulders), the Latarjet procedure (106/118), bone block operation (21/23), arthroplasty (11/11), and arthrodesis (6/6), respectively, in treating SD-associated RASD. The relative risk of failure between SD and non-SD patients was 3.76 (1.3610.38) after the Latarjet operation. The failure rates were 17% and 13% for Bankart's operation with remplissage and the Latarjet procedure in SD patients, respectively, but 0% each for bone block operation, arthroplasty, and arthrodesis. The total rate of seizure recurrence after operation was 33% of the pooled cases. CONCLUSIONS SD recurrence in the postoperative period, the size of the bone block, and the muscular attachments to a small coracoid autograft are the determinants of failure among various reconstructive operations in SD-associated RASD. Level of evidence: III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Rai
- Department of Orthopedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Raipur, India
| | - Dushyant Chouhan
- Department of Orthopedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Raipur, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Nema
- Department of Orthopedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Raipur, India
| | - Arkesh Madegowda
- Department of Orthopedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Raipur, India
| | - Rudra Narayan
- Department of Orthopedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Raipur, India
| | - Bikram K. Kar
- Department of Orthopedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Raipur, India
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Coifman I, Valencia M, Ariza A, Clascá F, Calvo E. [Translated article] Latarjet procedure for shoulder instability: Implications in the innervation of the subscapularis muscle. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol (Engl Ed) 2024; 68:T1-T8. [PMID: 37981199 DOI: 10.1016/j.recot.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our aim was to describe whether Latarjet's technique affects subscapularis muscle innervation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied 12 embalmed shoulders. Subscapularis muscle innervation pattern was registered. Dimensions of the subscapularis at the glenohumeral joint line and the nerves entry point were measured. Horizontal distances from the nerves to the glenohumeral joint line as well as vertical ones to the split were measured before and after Latarjet procedure. A safe zone for the split was designed to avoid damage to subscapularis innervation. RESULTS Subscapularis muscle is innervated by three principal branches: upper, middle, and inferior subscapularis nerves. No statistical differences were found between innervation distances before and after Latarjet procedure. To perform subscapularis split along the muscle safe zone, two thirds' proportions throughout all the split must be maintained. CONCLUSIONS Subscapularis muscle has a triple innervation and was not altered after Latarjet procedure. Therefore, Latarjet technique seems to respect subscapularis muscle innervation if its split is placed through the subscapularis muscle safe zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Coifman
- Unidad de Cirugía Reconstructiva de Hombro y Codo, Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Valencia
- Unidad de Cirugía Reconstructiva de Hombro y Codo, Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Ariza
- Unidad de Cirugía Reconstructiva de Hombro y Codo, Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Clascá
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Calvo
- Unidad de Cirugía Reconstructiva de Hombro y Codo, Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
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Calvo E, Dzidzishvili L, Valencia M, Calvo C. Outcomes of Arthroscopic Latarjet as a Revision Surgery After Failed Arthroscopic Bankart Repair. Am J Sports Med 2024; 52:190-200. [PMID: 38164667 DOI: 10.1177/03635465231209986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of arthroscopic Latarjet as a revision surgery after failed arthroscopic Bankart repair has yet to be established. PURPOSE To compare clinical outcomes, recurrences, and complication rates of arthroscopic Latarjet as a revision procedure after failed arthroscopic Bankart repair versus arthroscopic Latarjet as a primary procedure. DESIGN Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS This is a retrospective study of prospectively collected data of patients who were diagnosed with anterior shoulder instability and underwent arthroscopic Latarjet stabilization between 2009 and 2018. Patients were separated into 2 groups depending on whether Latarjet was performed after a previous instability surgery (revision) or as a primary surgery (primary). Rowe score, Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI), Constant-Murley Shoulder Outcome (CMSO) score, and Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) were assessed pre- and postoperatively with a minimum 24 months of follow-up. In addition, pre- and postoperative levels of sports activity, dislocations, subluxations, and complications were assessed. RESULTS A total of 97 patients (n = 62 revision; n = 35 primary), with a mean age of 31.0 ± 8.8 and 29.4 ± 7.6 years old in the revision and primary Latajet group, respectively, met the inclusion criteria. The mean follow-up in the revision group was 32 months (24-53) and 35.5 months (27.7-42.2) in the primary Latarjet group. No significant differences between groups were observed in Rowe score (revision = 91.4, primary = 94.1; P = .223), CMSO score (revision = 90.7, primary = 94; P = .105), and SANE (revision = 85.8, primary = 87.3; P = .683) postoperatively. However, the postoperative difference in the WOSI score between the revision and primary Latarjet groups was nearly significant (510 ± 334 vs 403 ± 343, respectively; P = .05). Four (6.4%) postoperative dislocations were reported in the revision and 1 (2.8%) in the primary Latarjet group (P = .14). Patients in the revision group had a lower return to the previous level of sports participation (P = .008) and decreased external rotation with the arm by the side compared with the primary Latarjet group (P = .000). CONCLUSION Arthroscopic Latarjet as a revision surgery is a reasonable surgical option in failed Bankart repair cases. The decision to perform arthroscopic Latarjet stabilization as a revision surgery should not be influenced by the potential risk of future complications as it provides comparable clinical outcomes to the primary Latarjet procedure with a low postoperative recurrence rate. However, a decreased level of postoperative sports participation and external rotation with the arm by the side can be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Calvo
- Shoulder and Elbow Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lika Dzidzishvili
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Valencia
- Shoulder and Elbow Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudio Calvo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Coifman I, Valencia M, Ariza A, Clascá F, Calvo E. Latarjet procedure for shoulder instability: Implications in the innervation of the subscapularis muscle. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol (Engl Ed) 2024; 68:1-8. [PMID: 36642371 DOI: 10.1016/j.recot.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our aim was to describe whether Latarjet's technique affects subscapularis muscle innervation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied 12 embalmed shoulders. Subscapularis muscle innervation pattern was registered. Dimensions of the subscapularis at the glenohumeral joint line and the nerves entry point were measured. Horizontal distances from the nerves to the glenohumeral joint line as well as vertical ones to the split were measured before and after Latarjet procedure. A safe zone for the split was designed to avoid damage to subscapularis innervation. RESULTS Subscapularis muscle is innervated by three principal branches: upper, middle, and inferior subscapularis nerves. No statistical differences were found between innervation distances before and after Latarjet procedure. To perform subscapularis split along the muscle safe zone, two thirds' proportions throughout all the split must be maintained. CONCLUSIONS Subscapularis muscle has a triple innervation and was not altered after Latarjet procedure. Therefore, Latarjet technique seems to respect subscapularis muscle innervation if its split is placed through the subscapularis muscle safe zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Coifman
- Unidad de Cirugía Reconstructiva de Hombro y Codo, Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, España.
| | - M Valencia
- Unidad de Cirugía Reconstructiva de Hombro y Codo, Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, España
| | - A Ariza
- Unidad de Cirugía Reconstructiva de Hombro y Codo, Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, España
| | - F Clascá
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, España
| | - E Calvo
- Unidad de Cirugía Reconstructiva de Hombro y Codo, Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, España
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Atwan Y, Wang A, Labrum JT, Sanchez-Sotelo J, Barlow JD, Dines JS, Camp CL. Management of Shoulder Instability in Patients with Seizure Disorders. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 2023; 16:201-210. [PMID: 37067689 DOI: 10.1007/s12178-023-09833-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Patients with seizure disorders commonly suffer shoulder dislocations and subsequent instability. Due to high rates of recurrence and bone loss, management of this instability and associated pathology has proven to be more complex than that of patients without seizure disorders. The ultimate goal of this review is to outline the various treatment modalities and their respective outcomes in this complex patient population. RECENT FINDINGS Optimization of medical management of seizure disorders is imperative. However, despite these efforts, the incidence of post-operative seizure activity continues to be a concern. These subsequent episodes increase the risk of further instability and failure of surgical procedures. Overall, the use of soft tissue procedures has proven to result in increased recurrence of instability compared to bone-block augmenting and grafting procedures. There are a variety of bone-block procedures that have been described for anterior and posterior instability. Despite their success in decreasing further instability, they are associated with several complications that patients should be informed of. There is no consensus regarding the optimal surgical management of shoulder instability in patients with seizure activity. A multidisciplinary approach to the management of the seizure activity is paramount to the success of their treatment. Further studies are required to evaluate the optimal timing and type of surgical intervention for individualized cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousif Atwan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Allen Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Joseph T Labrum
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Joshua S Dines
- Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, Hospital for Special Surgery Westside Sports Institute, 610 W. 58Th St, New York, NY, 10019, USA
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Alrabaa RG, Padaki AS, Vijittrakarnrung C, Lansdown DA, Kandemir U, Tangtiphaiboontana J. Anatomic Osteochondral Allograft Reconstruction for Concomitant Large Hill-Sachs and Reverse Hill-Sachs Lesions. Arthrosc Tech 2022; 12:e53-e57. [PMID: 36814975 PMCID: PMC9939596 DOI: 10.1016/j.eats.2022.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glenohumeral instability causing bipolar bone loss is increasingly being recognized and treated to minimize recurrence. Large Hill-Sachs and reverse Hill-Sachs lesions of the humerus must be addressed at the time of surgery to prevent recurrent dislocations and restore the native anatomic track. For patients with epilepsy, locked dislocations may create defects that must be addressed with bony procedures, including osteochondral allograft reconstruction as soft-tissue remplissage may not adequately addresses the magnitude of the bone loss. Osteochondral allografts have been successfully used to address bony defects ranging from 20% to 30% of humeral bone loss whereas shoulder arthroplasty is indicated for larger defects where the native anatomy can no longer be restored. In this Technical Note, we present a technique to address concomitant large Hill-Sachs and reverse Hill-Sachs lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami G. Alrabaa
- Address correspondence to Rami G. Alrabaa, M.D., Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 1500 Owens St., San Francisco, CA 94158.
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Calvo E, Valencia M, Foruria AM, Gonzalez JA. Recurrence of instability after Latarjet procedure: causes, results and treatment algorithm. EFORT Open Rev 2022; 7:800-807. [PMID: 36541530 PMCID: PMC9880904 DOI: 10.1530/eor-22-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Latarjet modifies the anatomy of the shoulder, and subsequent revision surgery is challenging. It is mandatory to determine the cause of recurrence in order to select the best treatment option. A CT scan is needed to measure glenoid track and evaluate coracoid graft status: position, degree of consolidation, and osteolysis. Conservative management can be advocated in selected patients in whom the instability level does not interfere with the activities they wish to perform. Surgical treatment is based on the glenoid track measurement and coracoid graft suitability. The coracoid graft is considered suitable if it preserves the conjoint tendon insertion, does not show osteolysis, and is large enough to reconstruct the glenoid surface. Adding a remplissage is recommended for those cases with a coracoid graft insufficient to convert large off-track Hill-Sachs lesions into on-track. If the coracoid graft is suitable to reconstruct bone defects in terms of size and viability but is poorly positioned or avulsed, graft repositioning can be a valid option. In patients with unsuitable coracoid bone graft, free bone graft is the revision technique of choice. The size of the graft should be large enough to restore the glenoid surface and to convert any off-track Hill-Sachs lesion into on-track. There is a small group of patients in whom bone defects were properly addressed but Latarjet failed due to hyperlaxity or poor soft tissue quality. Extraarticular capsular reinforcement is suggested in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Calvo
- Shoulder and Elbow Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain,Correspondence should be addressed to E Calvo;
| | - María Valencia
- Shoulder and Elbow Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Maria Foruria
- Shoulder and Elbow Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Aguilar Gonzalez
- Shoulder and Elbow Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
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