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Biswas A, Kurtulan D, Ngeru T, Azócar Guzmán A, Hanke S, Hartmaier A. Mechanical Behavior of Austenitic Steel under Multi-Axial Cyclic Loading. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1367. [PMID: 36836997 PMCID: PMC9963949 DOI: 10.3390/ma16041367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Low-nickel austenitic steel is subjected to high-pressure torsion fatigue (HPTF) loading, where a constant axial compression is overlaid with a cyclic torsion. The focus of this work lies on investigating whether isotropic J2 plasticity or crystal plasticity can describe the mechanical behavior during HPTF loading, particularly focusing on the axial creep deformation seen in the experiment. The results indicate that a J2 plasticity model with an associated flow rule fails to describe the axial creep behavior. In contrast, a micromechanical model based on an empirical crystal plasticity law with kinematic hardening described by the Ohno-Wang rule can match the HPTF experiments quite accurately. Hence, our results confirm the versatility of crystal plasticity in combination with microstructural models to describe the mechanical behavior of materials under reversing multiaxial loading situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Biswas
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Advanced Materials Simulation (ICAMS), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Dzhem Kurtulan
- Chair of Materials Science and Engineering, Universität Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Timothy Ngeru
- Chair of Materials Science and Engineering, Universität Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Abril Azócar Guzmán
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Advanced Materials Simulation (ICAMS), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Stefanie Hanke
- Chair of Materials Science and Engineering, Universität Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Hartmaier
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Advanced Materials Simulation (ICAMS), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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Suwardi A, Wang F, Xue K, Han MY, Teo P, Wang P, Wang S, Liu Y, Ye E, Li Z, Loh XJ. Machine Learning-Driven Biomaterials Evolution. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2102703. [PMID: 34617632 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials is an exciting and dynamic field, which uses a collection of diverse materials to achieve desired biological responses. While there is constant evolution and innovation in materials with time, biomaterials research has been hampered by the relatively long development period required. In recent years, driven by the need to accelerate materials development, the applications of machine learning in materials science has progressed in leaps and bounds. The combination of machine learning with high-throughput theoretical predictions and high-throughput experiments (HTE) has shifted the traditional Edisonian (trial and error) paradigm to a data-driven paradigm. In this review, each type of biomaterial and their key properties and use cases are systematically discussed, followed by how machine learning can be applied in the development and design process. The discussions are classified according to various types of materials used including polymers, metals, ceramics, and nanomaterials, and implants using additive manufacturing. Last, the current gaps and potential of machine learning to further aid biomaterials discovery and application are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ady Suwardi
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - FuKe Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Kun Xue
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Ming-Yong Han
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Peili Teo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Pei Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Shijie Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Ye Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Enyi Ye
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
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3
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Piñeda-Zayas A, Menendez Lopez-Mateos L, Palma-Fernández JC, Iglesias-Linares A. Assessment of metal ion accumulation in oral mucosa cells of patients with fixed orthodontic treatment and cellular DNA damage: a systematic review. Crit Rev Toxicol 2021; 51:622-633. [PMID: 34738508 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2021.1960271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Intraoral fixed appliances remain in the potentially corrosive environment of the mouth for an average of two years. Over time, corrosion causes the release of metal ions, such as nickel and chromium. These metals can become allergenic and cytotoxic, causing different conditions in the human body. The aim of this study therefore is to carry out a systematic review of the available scientific evidence on the accumulation of metal ions, and the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects in oral mucosa cells deriving from short- and long-term exposure to them. The systematic review is reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The primary outcome (quantification of metal ion deposits and assessment of their genotoxic and/or cytotoxic effects) and secondary outcome (complementary analysis of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects) were examined. The Cochrane Collaboration tool and Toxicological data Reliability Assessment Tool (ToxRTool) were used for quality assessment. Once the search was performed, a total of seven articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in this study. Two main techniques were used to assess genotoxic effects: alkaline comet assay (6/7) and micronucleus method (1/7). Cytotoxicity was evaluated (4/7) using the trypan blue dye test. Accumulations of nickel (7/7), chromium (5/7), and other metals (zinc, cobalt, iron, manganese, molybdenum, titanium) were also quantified. The results allowed us to conclude that release of metal ions and acute cell and DNA damage in oral mucosa cells takes place in the early stages of treatment. However, more long-term studies are needed to evaluate chronic exposure to metals and DNA damage, as well as cellular capacity to recover DNA integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan Carlos Palma-Fernández
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, School of Dental Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Iglesias-Linares
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, School of Dental Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Kumar CS, Singh G, Poddar S, Varshney N, Mahto SK, Podder AS, Chattopadhyay K, Rastogi A, Singh V, Mahobia GS. High-manganese and nitrogen stabilized austenitic stainless steel (Fe-18Cr-22Mn-0.65N): a material with a bright future for orthopedic implant devices. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 34517359 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac265e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The rationale behind the success of nickel free or with extremely low nickel austenitic high manganese and nitrogen stabilized stainless steels is adverse influences of nickel ion on human body. Replacement of nickel by nitrogen and manganese provides a stable microstructure and facilitates better biocompatibility in respect of the conventional 316L austenitic stainless steel (316L SS). In this investigation, biocompatibility of the high-manganese and nitrogen stabilized (Fe-18Cr-22Mn-0.65N) austenitic stainless steel was studied and found highly promising.In vitrocell culture and cell proliferation (MTT) assays were performed on this stainless steel and assessed in respect of the 316L SS. Both the steels exhibited similar cell growth behavior. Furthermore, an enhancement was observed in cell proliferation on the Fe-18Cr-22Mn-0.65N SS after surface modification by ultrasonic shot peening (USP). The mean percent proliferation of the MG-63 cells increased from ≈88% for Un-USP to 98% and 105% for USP 3-2 and USP 2-2 samples, respectively for 5 d of incubation. Interestingly,in vivoanimal study performed in rabbits for 3 and 6 weeks showed callus formation and sign of union without any allergic reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Shekhar Kumar
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Gaurav Singh
- Department of Orthopaedics, Varun Arjun Medical College, Banthra, Uttar Pradesh 242307, India
| | - Suruchi Poddar
- School of Biomedical Engineering, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Neelima Varshney
- School of Biomedical Engineering, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Mahto
- School of Biomedical Engineering, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Arijit Saha Podder
- Research & Development, Jindal Stainless Limited, Hisar, Haryana 125005, India
| | - Kausik Chattopadhyay
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Amit Rastogi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Medical Sciences (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Vakil Singh
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Girija Shankar Mahobia
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
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5
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Lacerda-Santos R, Lima ABL, Penha ESDA, Santos AD, Carvalho FG, Pithon MM, Dantas AFM. In vivo biocompatibility of silicon dioxide nanofilm used as antimicrobial agent on acrylic surface. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92:e20181120. [PMID: 32321020 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020181120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
the focus ofthis study was to testthe hypothesisthatthere would be no difference betweenthe biocompatibility of silicon dioxide nanofilms used as antimicrobial agents. Sixty male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups (n=15): Group C (Control,Polyethylene), Group AR (Acrylic Resin), Group NP (Acrylic Resin coated with NP-Liquid), Group BG (Acrylic Resin coated with Bacterlon).the animals were sacrificed with 7,15 and 30 days and tissues analyzed as regardsthe events of inflammatory infiltrate, edema, necrosis, granulation tissue, mutinucleated giant cells, fibroblasts and collagen. Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests was used (P<0.05). Intense inflammatory infiltrate was shown mainly in Groups BG and AR, with significant difference from Control Group inthe time interval of 7days (P=0.004). Necrosis demonstrated significant difference between Group BG and Control Group (P<0.05) inthe time intervals of 7 days. For collagen fibers,there was significant difference betweenthe Control Group and Groups AR and BG inthe time interval of 7 days (P=0.006), and between BG and Control Groups inthe time intervals of 15 days (P=0.010).the hypothesis was rejected. Bacterlon demonstratedthe lowest level, and NP-Liquid Glassthe highest level of tissue compatibility, and best cell repair.the coating with NP-Liquid Glass was demonstrated to be highly promising for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogério Lacerda-Santos
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de For a/UFJF, Instituto de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Ortodontia e Odontopediatria, Av. Doutor Raimundo Monteiro Rezende, nº 330, Centro, 35010-177 Governador Valadares, MG, Brazil
| | - Antonia Bárbara L Lima
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande/UFCG, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Ortodontia e Odontopediatria, Av. dos Universitários, s/n, Rodovia Patos/Teixeira, Km 1, Santa Cecília, 58708-110 Patos, PB, Brazil
| | - Elizandra S DA Penha
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande/UFCG, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Ortodontia e Odontopediatria, Av. dos Universitários, s/n, Rodovia Patos/Teixeira, Km 1, Santa Cecília, 58708-110 Patos, PB, Brazil
| | - Antonielson Dos Santos
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande/UFCG, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia, Av. dos Universitários, s/n, Rodovia Patos/Teixeira, Km 1, Santa Cecília, 58708-110 Patos, PB, Brazil
| | - Fabíola G Carvalho
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de For a/UFJF, Instituto de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Ortodontia e Odontopediatria, Av. Doutor Raimundo Monteiro Rezende, nº 330, Centro, 35010-177 Governador Valadares, MG, Brazil
| | - Matheus M Pithon
- Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia/UESB, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Ortodontia e Odontopediatria, Av. José Moreira Sobrinho, s/n, Jequiezinho, 45205-490 Jequié, BA, Brazil
| | - Antônio Flávio M Dantas
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande/UFCG, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia, Av. dos Universitários, s/n, Rodovia Patos/Teixeira, Km 1, Santa Cecília, 58708-110 Patos, PB, Brazil
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6
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Dehghan-Manshadi A, Yu P, Dargusch M, StJohn D, Qian M. Metal injection moulding of surgical tools, biomaterials and medical devices: A review. POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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7
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Biomechanical compatibility of high strength nickel free stainless steel bone plate under lightweight design. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 101:415-422. [PMID: 31029335 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.03.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
High nitrogen nickel-free stainless steel (HNNFSS) has excellent mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility, but its strength advantage is not fully used even though with one time higher than that of the conventional 316 L stainless steel. In this work, the lightweight design of HNNFSS bone plate was studied using finite element analysis, and the effect of lightweight plate fixation on histological and biomechanical behavior of healing bone were also researched on fractured rabbit femur. The finite element analysis results showed that the lightweight plate within 18.2% thickness reduction had higher bending strength and more homogeneous stress distribution compared with 316 L stainless steel plate. There was no obvious difference in radiography, histology analysis of callus and expression pattern of insulin like growth factor-1(IGF-1) of callus between the lightweight HNNFSS plate group and 316 L stainless steel plate group in animal test, and the IGF-1 concentrations of callus and the biomechanical bending test results also showed no statistical significance (p > 0.05), even though the data of the lightweight HNNFSS plate group were relatively better than that of 316 L stainless steel plate group. Therefore, the high nitrogen nickel-free stainless steel has the lightweight potential to keep good fixing function and improve bone healing compared with 316 L stainless steel plate.
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Martín-Cameán A, Jos Á, Mellado-García P, Iglesias-Linares A, Solano E, Cameán AM. In vitro and in vivo evidence of the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of metal ions released by orthodontic appliances: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 40:86-113. [PMID: 26093195 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Intraoral fixed orthodontic appliances are frequently used in the clinical practice of dentistry. They are made from alloys containing different metals at various percentages. The use of these appliances leads to the long-term exposure of patients to these materials, and the potential toxic effects of this exposure raises concerns about patient safety. Thus, the biocompatibility (corrosion behaviour and toxicity) of these materials has to be evaluated prior to clinical use. In the present report, the most recent studies in the scientific literature examining metal ion release from orthodontic appliances and the toxic effects of these ions have been reviewed with a special focus on cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Previous studies suggest that a case-by-case safety evaluation is required to take into account the increasing variability of materials, their composition and the manufacturing processes. Moreover, in vivo toxicity studies in regard to metal release, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity are still scarce. Therefore, in vitro and in vivo monitoring studies are needed to establish cause-effect relationships between metal ion release and biomarkers of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Further investigations could be performed to elucidate the toxic mechanisms involved in the observed effects with a special emphasis on oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Martín-Cameán
- Stomatology Department, School of Dentistry, University of Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Ángeles Jos
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | | - Enrique Solano
- Stomatology Department, School of Dentistry, University of Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana M Cameán
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, Spain
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9
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Martín-Cameán A, Puerto M, Jos Á, Azqueta A, Iglesias-Linares A, Solano E, Cameán AM. Preliminary study of genotoxicity evaluation of orthodontic miniscrews on mucosa oral cells by the alkaline comet assay. Toxicol Mech Methods 2015; 25:487-93. [PMID: 26062010 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2015.1053652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Miniscrew implants are widely used nowadays in orthodontic treatments due to their good results in clinical practice. However, data regarding the biocompatibility of commercially available orthodontic miniscrews and temporary devices are very scarce, and their role as genotoxicity inducers has been not previously evaluated with the alkaline comet assay. The aim of this study was to investigate the DNA damage in buccal cells of patients subjected to orthodontic treatments. The alkaline comet assay has been applied in oral mucosa cells from patients treated with conventional orthodontic treatment in comparison to patients treated additionally with miniscrews, non-treated volunteers (control) and smoking volunteers (positive control). The application of orthodontic appliances and miniscrews induced significant and similar (2-fold) increases of %DNA in tail in comparison to control group. Females experienced a significant increase in %DNA in all the treatments in comparison to the control group, whereas males showed significant damage only with the combined orthodontic and miniscrew treatment. In conclusion, conventional orthodontic appliances induced genotoxicity, and the incorporation of miniscrews assayed did not imply any additional increase of DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Martín-Cameán
- a Stomatology Department , School of Dentistry, University of Sevilla , Sevilla , Spain
| | - María Puerto
- b Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla , Sevilla , Spain
| | - Ángeles Jos
- b Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla , Sevilla , Spain
| | - Amaya Azqueta
- c Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Navarra , Navarra , Spain , and
| | | | - Enrique Solano
- a Stomatology Department , School of Dentistry, University of Sevilla , Sevilla , Spain
| | - Ana M Cameán
- b Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla , Sevilla , Spain
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Effect of cold working on biocompatibility of Ni-free high nitrogen austenitic stainless steels using Dalton's Lymphoma cell line. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 35:77-84. [PMID: 24411354 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Revised: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aims of the present work are to explore the effect of cold working on in-vitro biocompatibility of indigenized low cost Ni-free nitrogen containing austenitic stainless steels (HNSs) and to compare it with conventionally used biomedical grade, i.e. AISI 316L and 316LVM, using Dalton's Lymphoma (DL) cell line. The MTT assay [3-(4,5-dimethythiazol 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] was performed on DL cell line for cytotoxicity evaluation and cell adhesion test. As a result, it was observed that the HNS had higher cell proliferation and cell growth and it increases by increasing nitrogen content and degree of cold working. The surface wettability of the alloys was also investigated by water contact angle measurements. The value of contact angles was found to decrease with increase in nitrogen content and degree of cold working. This indicates that the hydrophilic character increases with increasing nitrogen content and degree of cold working which further attributed to enhance the surface free energy (SFE) which would be conducive to cell adhesion which in turn increases the cell proliferation.
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Talha M, Behera CK, Sinha OP. A review on nickel-free nitrogen containing austenitic stainless steels for biomedical applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:3563-75. [PMID: 23910251 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The field of biomaterials has become a vital area, as these materials can enhance the quality and longevity of human life. Metallic materials are often used as biomaterials to replace structural components of the human body. Stainless steels, cobalt-chromium alloys, commercially pure titanium and its alloys are typical metallic biomaterials that are being used for implant devices. Stainless steels have been widely used as biomaterials because of their very low cost as compared to other metallic materials, good mechanical and corrosion resistant properties and adequate biocompatibility. However, the adverse effects of nickel ions being released into the human body have promoted the development of "nickel-free nitrogen containing austenitic stainless steels" for medical applications. Nitrogen not only replaces nickel for austenitic structure stability but also much improves steel properties. Here we review the harmful effects associated with nickel and emphatically the advantages of nitrogen in stainless steel, as well as the development of nickel-free nitrogen containing stainless steels for medical applications. By combining the benefits of stable austenitic structure, high strength, better corrosion and wear resistance and superior biocompatibility in comparison to the currently used austenitic stainless steel (e.g. 316L), the newly developed nickel-free high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel is a reliable substitute for the conventionally used medical stainless steels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Talha
- Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
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12
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Adjroud O. The toxic effects of nickel chloride on liver, erythropoiesis, and development in Wistar albino preimplanted rats can be reversed with selenium pretreatment. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2013; 28:290-298. [PMID: 21618677 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Revised: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The exposure to nickel chloride (NiCl₂) can cause hematotoxicity and hepatotoxicity and canaffect development. The present study pertains to the protective effect of selenium (Se) against NiCl₂-induced toxicity in preimplanted Wistar albino rats. The subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of 25 or 50 mg/kg of NiCl₂ to Wistar albino rats on day 3 of gestation induced an immediate and significant decrease in maternal body weight and anemia 2 days after treatment. In addition, an increase in plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was observed. These effects were maintained on day 20 of gestation. Moreover, a significant increase in plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels was observed with the administration of 25 mg/kg of NiCl₂. Conversely, administration of 50 mg/kg of NiCl₂ by s.c. injection increased erythropoiesis at day 20 of gestation and decreased platelets counts. In addition, administration of 100 mg/kg of NiCl₂ markedly reduced the maternal body weight and number of live fetuses and increased fetal loss, predominantly at the end of the experimental period. All dose levels of NiCl₂ caused an alteration in the hepatic histoarchitecture. When 0.3-mg/kg Se was injected s.c. with 100-mg/kg NiCl₂, the levels of plasma AST and ALT and the structure of the liver were restored. Administration of 20 mg/L/day of NiCl₂ in the drinking water significantly reduced the maternal body weight at day five of gestation as well as erythropoiesis during the exposure period. The present study suggests that Se can counteract the nocuous effect of nickel on the liver; however this antioxidant did not prevent alterations in development and erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ounassa Adjroud
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, BATNA University, 5000 Batna, Algeria.
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13
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Wan P, Ren Y, Zhang B, Yang K. Effect of nitrogen on biocorrosion behavior of high nitrogen nickel-free stainless steel in different simulated body fluids. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Preclinical alterations of oral epithelial cells in contact with orthodontic appliances. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2012; 155:299-303. [PMID: 22286817 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2011.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study evaluated the behavior of oral epithelial cells in contact with orthodontic appliances. METHODS Oral epithelial cells of clinically normal buccal mucosa were obtained by liquid-based exfoliative cytology from 22 orthodontic patients. The following regions were evaluated: a) oral mucosa exposed to friction from orthodontic brackets; b) oral mucosa exposed to friction from the tube on the orthodontic band, and c) oral mucosa not exposed to friction (control area). Nuclear (NA) and cytoplasmic (CA) areas and NA/CA ratio were assessed by an image analysis system. Cell morphology and cellularity were also analyzed by Papanicolaou technique. RESULTS The NA of the cells in contact with orthodontic brackets and bands were smaller than the control area. Cells in contact with the brackets showed the greatest reduction in CA in comparison with the cells subjected to friction from the tube, and the control group. Smears classified as type I predominated in all regions analyzed, although type II were predominant, together with superficial epithelial cells, mainly in the oral mucosa in contact with the band tube. CONCLUSION Preclinical alterations in the epithelial cells of oral mucosa, caused by orthodontic appliances, are reduction in NA, increase in cell keratinization and inflammatory features, especially in the band tube area.
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Buljan ZI, Ribaric SP, Abram M, Ivankovic A, Spalj S. In vitro oxidative stress induced by conventional and self-ligating brackets. Angle Orthod 2011; 82:340-5. [PMID: 21913853 DOI: 10.2319/061811-395.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the in vitro oxidative stress induced by conventional and self-ligating brackets made of different materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS The concentration of oxidative stress marker 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in DNA of murine fibroblast cells L929 after in vitro exposure to three types of conventional and four types of self-ligating brackets was assessed. To determine viability and changes in the number of cells before and after exposure, trypan blue dye was used. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS No significant difference in cell viability was noted between metal, ceramic, and polymeric conventional brackets, and self-ligating brackets made of combinations of those materials, but viability was significantly higher compared with positive controls (P < .05). The conventional sapphire ceramic bracket (Inspire Ice) showed high viability, the largest increase in the number of cells, and the lowest oxidative stress. A higher concentration of markers of oxidative stress was observed in full metal conventional and self-ligating brackets (MiniSprint and Speed) and in conventional polyurethane brackets (Quantum) compared with negative controls (P < .05). CONCLUSION All types of orthodontic brackets, regardless of the constituent materials, are a source of oxidative stress in vitro, but the highest stress was induced in the full metal and polyurethane brackets. Conventional ceramic brackets show the highest degree of biocompatibility compared with polymeric and metal brackets and self-ligating brackets made from combinations of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorana Ivankovic Buljan
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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Cytotoxicity of orthodontic materials assessed by survival tests in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Dent Mater 2011; 27:e81-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2009] [Revised: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Strupp C. Beryllium metal I. experimental results on acute oral toxicity, local skin and eye effects, and genotoxicity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 55:30-42. [PMID: 21196457 PMCID: PMC3020675 DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/meq071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The toxicity of soluble metal compounds is often different from that of the parent metal. Since no reliable data on acute toxicity, local effects, and mutagenicity of beryllium metal have ever been generated, beryllium metal powder was tested according to the respective Organisation for Economical Co-Operation and Development (OECD) guidelines. Acute oral toxicity of beryllium metal was investigated in rats and local effects on skin and eye in rabbits. Skin-sensitizing properties were investigated in guinea pigs (maximization method). Basic knowledge about systemic bioavailability is important for the design of genotoxicity tests on poorly soluble substances. Therefore, it was necessary to experimentally compare the capacities of beryllium chloride and beryllium metal to form ions under simulated human lung conditions. Solubility of beryllium metal in artificial lung fluid was low, while solubility in artificial lysosomal fluid was moderate. Beryllium chloride dissolution kinetics were largely different, and thus, metal extracts were used in the in vitro genotoxicity tests. Genotoxicity was investigated in vitro in a bacterial reverse mutagenicity assay, a mammalian cell gene mutation assay, a mammalian cell chromosome aberration assay, and an unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) assay. In addition, cell transformation was tested in a Syrian hamster embryo cell assay, and potential inhibition of DNA repair was tested by modification of the UDS assay. Beryllium metal was found not to be mutagenic or clastogenic based on the experimental in vitro results. Furthermore, treatment with beryllium metal extracts did not induce DNA repair synthesis, indicative of no DNA-damaging potential of beryllium metal. A cell-transforming potential and a tendency to inhibit DNA repair when the cell is severely damaged by an external stimulus were observed. Beryllium metal was also found not to be a skin or eye irritant, not to be a skin sensitizer, and not to have relevant acute oral toxic properties.
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Effect of nitrogen on blood compatibility of nickel-free high nitrogen stainless steel for biomaterial. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2010.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Yang K, Ren Y. Nickel-free austenitic stainless steels for medical applications. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2010; 11:014105. [PMID: 27877320 PMCID: PMC5090547 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/11/1/014105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Revised: 02/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The adverse effects of nickel ions being released into the human body have prompted the development of high-nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steels for medical applications. Nitrogen not only replaces nickel for austenitic structure stability but also much improves steel properties. Here we review the harmful effects associated with nickel in medical stainless steels, the advantages of nitrogen in stainless steels, and emphatically, the development of high-nitrogen nickel-free stainless steels for medical applications. By combining the benefits of stable austenitic structure, high strength and good plasticity, better corrosion and wear resistances, and superior biocompatibility compared to the currently used 316L stainless steel, the newly developed high-nitrogen nickel-free stainless steel is a reliable substitute for the conventional medical stainless steels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, People’s Republic of China
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Tschon M, Fini M, Giavaresi G, Borsari V, Lenger H, Bernauer J, Chiesa R, Cigada A, Chiusoli L, Giardino R. Soft tissue response to a new austenitic stainless steel with a negligible nickel content. Int J Artif Organs 2006; 28:1003-11. [PMID: 16288438 DOI: 10.1177/039139880502801007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates the soft tissue response to a new austenitic stainless steel with a low nickel content (P558) in comparison with a conventional stainless steel (SSt)and a titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V). Previous findings showed its in vitro biocompatibility by culturing P558 with healthy and osteoporotic osteoblasts and its in vivo effectiveness as bone implant material. Regarding its use as a material in osteosynthesis,P558 biocompatibility when implanted in soft tissues, as subcutis and muscle, was assessed. Disks and rods of these metals were implanted in rat subcutis and in rabbit muscle, respectively. Four and twelve weeks post surgery implants with surrounding tissue were retrieved for histologic and histomorphometric analysis: fibrous capsule thickness and new vessel formation were measured. Around all implanted materials, light microscopy highlighted a reactive and fibrous capsule formation coupled with ongoing neoangiogenesis both in rats and in rabbits. Histomorphometric measurements revealed a stronger inflammatory response,in terms of capsule thickness,surrounding SSt implants (9.8% Ni content) both in rat subcutis and in rabbit muscle independently of shape and site of implantation. A progressive decrease in capsule thickness around P558 (<0.02% Ni content) and Ti6Al4V, respectively, was seen. Regarding new vessel density, the data showed a different response dependent on the site of implantation. However,in the light of the previous and present studies, P558 is a good material, instead of titanium alloys, in orthopedic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tschon
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Research Institute Codivilla-Putti, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna--Italy
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