1
|
Ali TW, Gul H, Fareed MA, Tabassum S, Mir SR, Afzaal A, Muhammad N, Kaleem M. Biochemical properties of novel Carbon nanodot-stabilized silver nanoparticles enriched calcium hydroxide endodontic sealer. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303808. [PMID: 38959277 PMCID: PMC11221646 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Calcium Hydroxide-based endodontic sealer loaded with antimicrobial agents have been commonly employed in conventional root canal treatment. These sealers are not effective against E. faecalis due to the persistent nature of this bacterium and its ability to evade the antibacterial action of calcium hydroxide. Therefore, endodontic sealer containing Carbon nanodots stabilized silver nanoparticles (CD-AgNPs) was proposed to combat E. faecalis. The therapeutic effect of CD-AgNPs was investigated and a new cytocompatible Calcium Hydroxide-based endodontic sealer enriched with CD-AgNPs was synthesized that exhibited a steady release of Ag+ ions and lower water solubility at 24 hours, and enhanced antibacterial potential against E. faecalis. CD-AgNPs was synthesized and characterized morphologically and compositionally by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV-Vis Spectroscopy, followed by optimization via minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination against E. faecalis by broth microdilution technique and Cytotoxicity analysis against NIH3T3 cell lines via Alamar Blue assay. Calcium hydroxide in distilled water was taken as control (C), Calcium hydroxide with to CD-AgNPs (5mg/ml and 10mg/ml) yielded novel endodontic sealers (E1 and E2). Morphological and chemical analysis of the novel sealers were done by SEM and FTIR; followed by in vitro assessment for antibacterial potential against E. faecalis via agar disc diffusion method, release of Ag+ ions for 21 days by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry and water solubility by weight change for 21 days. CD-AgNPs were 15-20 nm spherical-shaped particles in uniformly distributed clusters and revealed presence of constituent elements in nano-assembly. FTIR spectra revealed absorption peaks that correspond to various functional groups. UV-Vis absorption spectra showed prominent peaks that correspond to Carbon nanodots and Silver nanoparticles. CD-AgNPs exhibited MIC value of 5mg/ml and cytocompatibility of 84.47% with NIH3T3 cell lines. Novel endodontic sealer cut-discs revealed irregular, hexagonal particles (100-120 nm) with aggregation and rough structure with the presence of constituent elements. FTIR spectra of novel endodontic sealers revealed absorption peaks that correspond to various functional groups. Novel endodontic sealers exhibited enhanced antibacterial potential where E-2 showed greatest inhibition zone against E. faecalis (6.3±2 mm), a steady but highest release of Ag+ ions was exhibited by E-1 (0.043±0.0001 mg/mL) and showed water solubility of <3% at 24 hours where E-2 showed minimal weight loss at all time intervals. Novel endodontic sealers were cytocompatible and showed enhanced antibacterial potential against E. faecalis, however, E2 outperformed in this study in all aspects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tayyaba Waqar Ali
- Department of Dental Materials, Army Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Hashmat Gul
- Department of Dental Materials, Army Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amber Fareed
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
- Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
| | - Sobia Tabassum
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sana Rubab Mir
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Afzaal
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nawshad Muhammad
- Department of Dental Materials, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kaleem
- Department of Dental Materials, Army Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee YJ, Cho KM, Park SH, Lee Y, Kim JW. Nanoleakage of apical sealing using a calcium silicate-based sealer according to canal drying methods. Restor Dent Endod 2024; 49:e20. [PMID: 38841379 PMCID: PMC11148404 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2024.49.e20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study investigated the nanoleakage of root canal obturations using calcium silicate-based sealer according to different drying methods. Materials and Methods Fifty-two extracted mandibular premolars with a single root canal and straight root were selected for this study. After canal preparation with a nickel-titanium rotary file system, the specimens were randomly divided into 4 groups according to canal drying methods (1: complete drying, 2: blot drying/distilled water, 3: blot drying/NaOCl, 4: aspiration only). The root canals were obturated using a single-cone filling technique with a calcium silicate-based sealer. Nanoleakage was evaluated using a nanoflow device after 24 hours, 1 week, and 1 month. Data were collected twice per second at the nanoscale and measured in nanoliters per second. Data were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests (p < 0.05). Results The mean flow rate measured after 24 hours showed the highest value among the time periods in all groups. However, the difference in the flow rate between 1 week and 1 month was not significant. The mean flow rate of the complete drying group was the highest at all time points. After 1 month, the mean flow rate in the blot drying group and the aspiration group was not significantly different. Conclusions Within the limitations of this study, the canal drying method had a significant effect on leakage and sealing ability in root canal obturations using a calcium silicate-based sealer. Thus, a proper drying procedure is critical in endodontic treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Joo Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Kyung-Mo Cho
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Se-Hee Park
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Yoon Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Azizi H, Hadad A, Levy DH, Ben Itzhak J, Kim HC, Solomonov M. Epoxy vs. Calcium Silicate-Based Root Canal Sealers for Different Clinical Scenarios: A Narrative Review. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:85. [PMID: 38667997 PMCID: PMC11048901 DOI: 10.3390/dj12040085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to review the considerations for choosing a suitable sealer according to various endodontic scenarios. An electronic search of PubMed, Scopus, and the Web of Science was undertaken for the keywords of 'sealer choosing', 'appropriate sealer', 'suitable sealer', 'sealer for clinical scenario', and 'sealer for clinical situations'. However, the literature review revealed a lack of studies with practical clinical recommendations regarding the choice of appropriate endodontic root canal sealers for particular clinical situations of root canal treatment. Therefore, a narrative review was undertaken under the basis of the characteristics of an epoxy resin-based sealer (ERS) versus a calcium silicate-based sealer (CSS). Based on the evidence found through the review, the choice of an appropriate sealer in a variety of clinical scenarios was proposed. An ERS is recommended for one-visit non-vital cases, teeth with periodontal involvement, cracked teeth, and internal root resorption without root perforation. A CSS is recommended for vital or non-vital cases in multiple visits, teeth with internal root resorption with perforation or internal approach for external cervical resorption, teeth with open apices, and teeth with iatrogenic aberrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadas Azizi
- Department of Endodontics, Israel Defense Forces (IDF) Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- “Bina” Program, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avi Hadad
- Department of Endodontics, Israel Defense Forces (IDF) Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- “Bina” Program, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dan Henry Levy
- Department of Endodontics, Israel Defense Forces (IDF) Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- “Bina” Program, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Joe Ben Itzhak
- Department of Endodontics, Israel Defense Forces (IDF) Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- “Bina” Program, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan 46241, Republic of Korea;
| | - Michael Solomonov
- Department of Endodontics, Israel Defense Forces (IDF) Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- “Bina” Program, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Raman V, Camilleri J. Characterization and Assessment of Physical Properties of 3 Single Syringe Hydraulic Cement-based Sealers. J Endod 2024; 50:381-388. [PMID: 38219956 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A number of sealers with different chemistries are badged as Bioceramic, implying biological activity, but have dissimilar properties, which has implications on the sealer properties and will affect the quality and outcome of root canal treatment. This study aimed to assess the physical and chemical properties of 3 hydraulic cement-based sealers, namely BC Universal sealer compared with Totalfill BC sealer and AH Plus Bioceramic. METHODS The microstructure and composition of the sealers were assessed using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy after setting. The crystalline phases were assessed by X-ray diffraction analysis and the leachates were tested using inductively coupled plasma. All testing was performed at 0, 7, and 28 days. The physical properties of film thickness, flow, radiopacity, and solubility were evaluated using ISO 6876:2012 standards. RESULTS All 3 sealers contained calcium, zirconium, and silicon. Totalfill BC had the highest calcium release at 7 and 28 days followed by AH Plus Bioceramic and BC Universal sealer. All 3 sealers adhered to the ISO standard in terms of flow and radiopacity. BC Universal sealer was slightly over the range (>50 μm) for film thickness. All sealers exceeded the solubility range set by ISO 6876:2012. CONCLUSION Although these hydraulic cement sealers had similar components and delivery, the properties varied significantly. The testing of material properties to confirm the suitability for clinical use is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veksina Raman
- School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Josette Camilleri
- School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Razdan A, Benetti A, Bakhshandeh A, Darvann T, Bjørndal L. Dimensional changes of endodontic sealers-An in vitro model simulating a clinical extrusion scenario during 18 months. Clin Exp Dent Res 2023; 9:299-313. [PMID: 36628604 PMCID: PMC10098291 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the dimensional changes of endodontic sealers during 18 months using three-dimensional (3D) surface scanning and subtraction radiography in a novel in vitro sealer-extrusion model. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifty endodontically instrumented acrylic teeth were randomly allocated to five groups (n = 10) filled with Apexit Plus, AH Plus, BioRoot RCS, TubliSeal EWT, and gutta-percha (control). Freshly mixed sealers were intentionally extruded during obturation. All teeth were immersed in a physiologic solution for up to 18 months. Blinded 3D surface scans (resolution: ~10 μm) and digital radiographs of the teeth were obtained at baseline (immediately after obturation); and then after 1 week, and at 1, 3, and 18 months. For blinded assessment of sealer dimensional change, 3D models and radiographs were superimposed using specific software. Volumetric differences, root mean square (RMS), and area change from subtraction radiography measured at each period within each sealer group were thereafter calculated. Repeated measures analyses were done with Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons; standard errors, p values, and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported. RESULTS Analyses of the volumetric data confirmed significant, progressive material loss for Apexit Plus when compared to the other investigated sealers or the control group (p ≤ 0.02). Immersion period significantly influenced the volumetric dimensional changes of Apexit Plus already after 1 month (p < 0.01). For TubliSeal EW, the effect of the immersion period on the dimensional changes was noted after immersion for 3 months (p ≤ 0.02), while for BioRoot RCS this was evident only at 18 months (p < 0.01). Same trends were noted for the RMS data, whereas progressive dimensional changes using subtraction radiography only revealed significant changes for Apexit Plus (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The largest dimensional changes were shown by Apexit Plus, followed by Tubliseal EWT and BioRoot RCS. AH Plus remained stable throughout 18 months.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Razdan
- Department of Odontology, Section of Dental Materials, Section of Clinical Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen NDenmark
- Department of Odontology, Section of Cariology and Endodontics, Section of Clinical Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen NDenmark
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Section for Oral RadiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Ana R. Benetti
- Department of Odontology, Section of Dental Materials, Section of Clinical Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen NDenmark
| | - Azam Bakhshandeh
- Department of Odontology, Section of Cariology and Endodontics, Section of Clinical Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen NDenmark
| | - Tron A. Darvann
- 3D Craniofacial Image Research Laboratory, School of DentistryUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen NDenmark
- 3D Craniofacial Image Research Laboratory, Centre of Head and OrthopaedicsCopenhagen University Hospital RigshospitaletCopenhagen NDenmark
- 3D Craniofacial Image Research Laboratory, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer ScienceTechnical University of DenmarkCopenhagen NDenmark
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryCopenhagen University Hospital RigshospitaletCopenhagen NDenmark
| | - Lars Bjørndal
- Department of Odontology, Section of Cariology and Endodontics, Section of Clinical Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen NDenmark
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pilot Evaluation of Sealer-Based Root Canal Obturation Using Epoxy-Resin-Based and Calcium-Silicate-Based Sealers: A Randomized Clinical Trial. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15155146. [PMID: 35897577 PMCID: PMC9332451 DOI: 10.3390/ma15155146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this randomized controlled clinical trial was to assess the short-term clinical effectiveness of sealer-based root canal obturation using calcium-silicate-based sealer (CSBS) and epoxy-resin-based sealer (ERBS). A total of eighty patients (eighty teeth) were enrolled and seventy-two patients (seventy-two teeth) were randomly assigned into four different sealer groups: AH Plus (AH, Dentsply Sirona), ADseal (AD, Meta Biomed), CeraSeal (CS, Meta Biomed), or EndoSeal TCS (ES, Maruchi). At the first visit, root canal treatment was performed using ProTaper. Next, the NiTi file system and passive ultrasonic irritation was applied with 2.5% NaOCl. At the second visit, the teeth were obturated with a sealer-based obturation technique using the assigned sealer. The quality of filling obturation was evaluated with postoperative radiographs in terms of the presence of voids and sealer extrusion. The patients were recalled at 1-week, 1-month, and 3-month intervals, and pain levels were measured using visual analog scales (VAS), and clinical examination performed with percussion and palpation. Radiographs were also taken. The results were statistically compared by using the χ2 test or Fisher exact test. Among the 80 teeth included, 72 teeth received allocated intervention and 71 teeth were included in the analysis (98.6% recall). There was no significant difference among the sealers in void and sealer extrusion (p > 0.05). Postoperative pain was not indicated prominently regardless of the type of sealer. For a 3-month follow-up period, all cases were maintained successfully except for one case from AD. According to the findings, there was no significant difference between CSBS and ERBS in terms of postoperative pain or the healing process, and the variation in filling quality appears to be linked to the properties of each product.
Collapse
|
7
|
Khan MT, Moeen F, Safi SZ, Said F, Mansoor A, khan AS. The Structural, Physical, and In Vitro Biological Performance of Freshly Mixed and Set Endodontic Sealers. Eur Endod J 2021; 6:98-109. [PMID: 33762530 PMCID: PMC8056812 DOI: 10.14744/eej.2020.36349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro performance of endodontic sealers in their freshly mixed and set forms. METHODS The commercially used endodontic sealers (AH Plus, Dia-ProSeal, GuttaFlow 2, and Pulpdent Root Canal Sealer) were investigated and the chemical structure of freshly mixed and set sealers were assessed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The surface morphology and elemental analysis were assessed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The pH and solubility analysis were performed and the cytotoxicity was done on extracts of freshly mixed and set materials using Alamar blue assay. One way ANOVA and Post Hoc Tukey analysis was used to do multiple comparison analysis of the mean values and standard deviation results through SPSS version 20 (IBM Software, NY, USA) for pH, solubility, and cytotoxicity analysis. RESULTS FTIR analysis revealed the structural pattern and the difference in freshly mixed and set samples was observed with the change in intensities of the peaks. The morphological pattern revealed the presence of micro/nano-particles with pores distributed throughout their structure. The sealer with the least solubility was AH Plus (0.10±0.01) followed by Dia-ProSeal (0.77±0.25), GuttaFlow 2 (1.88±0.82) and Pulpdent Root Canal Sealer (3.03±0.18). The solubility of AH plus was significantly lower (P<0.05) in comparison to GuttaFlow 2 and Pulpdent Root Canal Sealer. The highest pH (10.09±0.034) in the freshly mixed state and highest cytotoxicity in the freshly mixed (70.08±5.852) and set sealers (83.87±5.409) (P<0.05) at day 7 was observed in Dia-ProSeal. GuttaFlow 2 was the most biocompatible sealer in the set state and AH Plus was the most biocompatible sealer in the freshly mixed state at day 7. CONCLUSION Clinically, the sealer is applied in fresh state, whereby this study signifies that which material is more biocompatible in fresh state and provides insight information to clinicians. AH Plus showed least solubility and cytocompatibility in fresh state compared to other groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Talal Khan
- From the Department of Dental Biomaterials, Baktawar Amin Medical and Dental College, Multan, Pakistan
- Department of Dental Materials, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Moeen
- Department of Dental Materials, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sher Zaman Safi
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Farrukh Said
- Department of Dental Materials, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Afsheen Mansoor
- Department of Dental Materials, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Samad khan
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
KOMABAYASHI T, COLMENAR D, CVACH N, BHAT A, PRIMUS C, IMAI Y. Comprehensive review of current endodontic sealers. Dent Mater J 2020; 39:703-720. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2019-288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Aparna BHAT
- University of New England College of Dental Medicine
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lim M, Jung C, Shin DH, Cho YB, Song M. Calcium silicate-based root canal sealers: a literature review. Restor Dent Endod 2020; 45:e35. [PMID: 32839716 PMCID: PMC7431927 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2020.45.e35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxy resin-based sealers are currently widely used, and several studies have considered AH Plus to be the gold-standard sealer. However, it still has limitations, including possible mutagenicity, cytotoxicity, inflammatory response, and hydrophobicity. Drawing upon the advantages of mineral trioxide aggregate, calcium silicate-based sealers were introduced with high levels of biocompatibility and hydrophilicity. Because of the hydrophilic environment in root canals, water resorption and solubility of root canal sealers are important factors contributing to their stability. Sealers displaying lower microleakage and stronger push-out bond strength are also needed to endure the dynamic tooth environment. Although the physical properties of calcium silicate-based sealers meet International Organization for Standardization recommendations, and they have consistently reported to be biocompatible, they have not overcome conventional resin-based sealers in actual practice. Therefore, further studies aiming to improve the physical properties of calcium silicate-based sealers are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miyoung Lim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Chanyong Jung
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Shin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Yong-bum Cho
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Minju Song
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Razdan A, Benetti AR, Bjørndal L. Do in vitro solubility studies on endodontic sealers demonstrate a high level of evidence? A systematic review. Acta Odontol Scand 2019; 77:253-263. [PMID: 30849267 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2018.1538535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review the quality of evidence of available in vitro solubility studies on endodontic sealers according to prespecified evidence criteria. MATERIAL AND METHODS This systematic review was based on the PRISMA guidelines and the AMSTAR measurement tool. A systematic duplicate search of the literature on endodontic sealer solubility studies was conducted in PubMed and Embase databases (until 18 October 2017). Mapping terms to subject headings and free text terms were used and combined with hand searching before exclusion of duplicates. Studies specifically dealing with endodontic sealer solubility were selected. The evidence level was graded (low, medium or high) independently by two investigators following systematic data extraction in pilot forms, which was based on prespecified evidence criteria and the modified CONSORT checklist for in vitro studies on dental materials. RESULTS The search retrieved 1053 articles, from which 88 were assessed in full. From the 63 articles retained in the final analysis, 11 were classified as having moderate and 52 as low quality of evidence (0 high). The studies graded as low had low sample size (n < 10) and/or insufficient details to allow replicability. Most of the studies did not conform to the modified CONSORT checklist and did not include parameters considered relevant in the prespecified criteria. CONCLUSIONS Existing in vitro studies on the solubility of endodontic sealers do not demonstrate a high quality of evidence. Most of these studies do not present systematic reporting nor employ relevant parameters prespecified in our evidence criteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Razdan
- Section of Cariology and Endodontics, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section of Dental Materials, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ana Raquel Benetti
- Section of Dental Materials, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Bjørndal
- Section of Cariology and Endodontics, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Geskovski N, Sazdovska SD, Gjosheva S, Petkovska R, Popovska M, Anastasova L, Mladenovska K, Goracinova K. Rational development of nanomedicines for molecular targeting in periodontal disease. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 93:31-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
12
|
Poggio C, Dagna A, Ceci M, Meravini MV, Colombo M, Pietrocola G. Solubility and pH of bioceramic root canal sealers: A comparative study. J Clin Exp Dent 2017; 9:e1189-e1194. [PMID: 29167707 PMCID: PMC5694146 DOI: 10.4317/jced.54040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study compared the solubility and the pH of different root canal sealers in vitro. Material and Methods BioRoot™RCS, TotalFill BC Sealer, MTA Fillapex, SealapexTM, AH Plus, EasySeal, Pulp Canal Sealer™ and N2 were tested. Similar specimens were prepared using ring molds with an internal diameter of 20 ± 0,1 mm and a height of 1,5 ± 0,1 mm and digitally weighted to register the mass of each specimen before and after immersion in distilled water. Solubility was determined after 24 hours and statistically analysed using a one-way ANOVA test and post-hoc Tukey test. The pH value was measured by a digital pH meter after 3 and 24 hours from manipulation. Results BioRoot™RCS and TotalFill BC Sealer showed significantly higher solubility (P<0.05). All the remnant root canal sealers fulfilled the requirements of solubility of the International Standard Organization 6876 demonstrating a weight loss of less than 3%. BioRoot™RCS and Totalfill BC Sealer exhibited high alkaline pH over time (P<0.05); the alkalinity of the other tested cements was significantly lower. Conclusions The prolonged alkalinity of bioceramic sealer matched the increase in solubility. This may encourage their biological and antimicrobial effects, but the ongoing solubility may impact their ability to prevent apical leakage. Key words:pH, root canal sealers, solubility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Poggio
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Alberto Dagna
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Ceci
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria-Vittoria Meravini
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Colombo
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Giampiero Pietrocola
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
CAMARGO RVD, SILVA-SOUSA YTC, ROSA RPFD, MAZZI-CHAVES JF, LOPES FC, STEIER L, SOUSA-NETO MD. Evaluation of the physicochemical properties of silicone- and epoxy resin-based root canal sealers. Braz Oral Res 2017; 31:e72. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2017.vol31.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
14
|
Moradi S, Disfani R, Baziar H, Daneshvar F, Jafarzadeh H. Use of fluid filtration method to evaluate the effect of master cone size on the apical seal of severely curved root canals. J Oral Sci 2014; 55:93-8. [PMID: 23748447 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.55.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The apical third of most root canals shows some degree of curvature, which is important in cleaning/shaping and obturation during root canal treatment. The present study evaluated the effect of master cone size on the apical seal of severely curved root canals. Thirty-eight mesial roots of human mandibular first molars were prepared using the crown-down technique. All samples were mature roots with closed apices, had no carious lesions or resorption, and had a canal curvature of > 45º to 60º. Two samples were used as a negative and positive control to evaluate the fluid filtration equipment, and the remaining 36 samples were equally divided into groups A, B, and C based on master cone size, namely, gutta-percha #20, #25, and #30, respectively. The fluid filtration method was used to evaluate microleakage. No significant difference in microleakage was observed among groups (P = 0.31). In conclusion, an increase in master cone size up to #30 does not significantly influence apical microleakage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Moradi
- Dental Material Research Center, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
No Evidence for DNA Double-strand Breaks Caused by Endodontic Sealers. J Endod 2012; 38:636-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Revised: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
16
|
Azadi N, Fallahdoost A, Mehrvarzfar P, Rakhshan H, Rakhshan V. A four-week solubility assessment of AH-26 and four new root canal sealers. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2012; 9:31-5. [PMID: 22363360 PMCID: PMC3283975 DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.92924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The strong link between sealer solubility and periapical reinfection indicates that water solubility of new sealers should be studied. This study aimed to assess the water solubility of five root canal sealers (AH-26, Topseal, 2-Seal, Acroseal, and Roeko Seal Automix [RSA]). Materials and Methods: In this in vitro experimental study, 30 specimens were fabricated from each of the abovementioned sealants. Then they were weighed and randomly divided into three subgroups of 10 each (A, B, and C). They were set at 37°C and 100% RH, in accordance with ANSI/ADA 57 and ISO 6876-2001 requirements. Afterward, the specimens in subgroups A were incubated at 37°C and 100% RH for 24 hours, while the specimens in the subgroups B and C were incubated in the same conditions for 7 days and 28 days, respectively. After incubation, the specimens were dried with blotting paper and were incubated for 24 hours at 37°C and 0% RH. Then they were weighed. The percentage of weight loss was regarded as water solubility. Results: The mean solubility of the sealers AH-26, Acroseal, Topseal, 2-Seal, and RSA were 0.28%, 0.36%, 0.07%, 0.037%, and 0.141% after 24 hours, respectively. After 28 days, their solubility were 1.75%, 0.746%, 0.082%, 0.04%, and 0.517%, respectively. Only the solubility of the sealers 2-Seal and Topseal were not statistically different (P>0.3 [Tukey's]). Again only the solubility of 2-Seal and Topseal did not significantly increase between the 7th day and the 28th day of incubation (P>0.6 [paired-samples t]). Conclusion: All tested materials met the standards (maximum weight loss of 3% within 24 hours). However, the results of 2-Seal followed by Topseal were the most favorable ones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Azadi
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå International School of Public Health, Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ilić S, Đeri A, Knežević R. Effects of materials containing epoxy resins or calcium hydroxide on periapical tissue repair. SCRIPTA MEDICA 2012. [DOI: 10.5937/scriptamed1201028i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
|
18
|
Abstract
Purpose The objective of this study was to perform an in vitro evaluation of the antibacterial properties of 6 endodontic sealers (Endomethasone C, Argoseal, Bioseal Normal, Acroseal, AH Plus, Sicura Seal). Methods The agar diffusion test (well and paper disc methods) with Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans was used. For the well method, Petri dishes were inoculated with bacterial suspensions. Each well was completely filled with freshly mixed endodontic sealer. For the paper disc method, sterile paper discs were immersed in freshly mixed sealers and put on agar plates. Diameters of halos formed around the sealers were measured after 24 h and 48 h. Statistical analysis: The effects of well method and of paper disc method were analyzed by 1-way ANOVA. Results Endomethasone C, Argoseal and Bioseal showed the largest inhibition halos for all the tested microorganisms, while Sicura Seal and AH Plus showed low antibacterial effects. Moreover, the comparison of well method and paper disc methods showed significant statistical differences (P<0,01) for all sealers and indicated a dose-dependent antimicrobial effect.
Collapse
|
19
|
New Trends in Diagnosis and Control Strategies for Implant Infections. Int J Artif Organs 2011; 34:727-36. [DOI: 10.5301/ijao.2011.8784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In implant infections, a quick and reliable identification of the etiological agent is crucial to realizing efficacious therapies. Among molecular methods, automated ribotyping has proven to be an accurate and rapid technique. More recently, MALDI-TOF/MS and PCR-electrospray ionization (ESI)/ MS have been applied successfully to microbiological diagnosis. In implant infections, biofilm is still the major problem for bacterial persistence and recalcitrance to antibiotic therapy. Among biofilm-disrupting agents, enzymes promise the greatest therapeutic possibilities. DNase I degrades biofilm extracellular DNA and has been shown to sensitize biofilm to various biocides and anionic detergents, while dispersin B acts on biofilm exopolysaccharide and, combined with antiseptic, gives a broad-spectrum antibiofilm and antimicrobial activity. The novel antimicrobial approach based on photodynamic treatment (PDT) applies, in combination with antibiotics, to the implant or medical devices reachable by optical fibers. Better progress could be gained by the development of infection-resistant biomaterials able to both inhibit bacterial adhesion and promote tissue integration. New knowledge regarding the fibronectin-mediated internalization of Staphylococcus aureus by osteoblasts, and on its role in the pathogenesis of implant-related osteomyelitis, paves the way for the development of vaccines against staphylococcal adhesins, to prevent both adhesion on biomaterials and bacterial invasion of bone cells.
Collapse
|
20
|
Collares FM, Leitune VCB, Rostirolla FV, Trommer RM, Bergmann CP, Samuel SMW. Nanostructured hydroxyapatite as filler for methacrylate-based root canal sealers. Int Endod J 2011; 45:63-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2011.01948.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
21
|
Dagna A, Arciola CR, Florindi F, Scribante A, Saino E, Visai L, Poggio C. In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of endodontic irrigants. Int J Artif Organs 2011; 34:914-919. [PMID: 22094574 DOI: 10.5301/ijao.5000049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to compare in vitro, by MTT assay, the antimicrobial efficacy of Niclor 5 (5% NaOCl solution), Cloreximid (0.2% chlorhexidine and 0.2% cetrimide solution), 3% hydrogen peroxide and 17% EDTA against two microorganisms associated with primary endodontic infections. METHODS Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans strains were selected for this test. Freshly extracted single-rooted human teeth were endodontically treated, inoculated with bacterial strains and then divided into different groups, each of them rinsed with Niclor 5 (5% NaOCl solution), Cloreximid (0.2% chlorhexidine and 0.2% cetrimide solution), 3% hydrogen peroxide,17% EDTA and with 5% NaOCl solution (positive control). RESULTS Even though all the tested irrigating solutions demonstrated antibacterial effects against E. faecalis and S. mutans, the results were significantly different between the various groups. The greatest antimicrobial effects were observed in groups treated with 5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA. Interestingly, the effectiveness of EDTA could be ascribed to its capability of detaching biofilm from canal walls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Dagna
- Department of Endodontics, Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|