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Yusuf HR, Musa SA, Agbon AN, Eze ED, Okesina AA, Onanuga I, Pius T, Archibong V, Diaz MEF, Ochieng JJ, Kusiima N, Sunday BY, Usman IM. Hepatoprotective potential of Tamarindus indica following prenatal aluminum exposure in Wistar rat pups. Toxicol Rep 2023; 10:376-381. [PMID: 36926661 PMCID: PMC10014219 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over time, the use of plant-derived agents in the management of various human health conditions has gained a lot of attention. The study assessed the hepatoprotective potential of ethyl acetate fraction Tamarindus indica leaves (EFTI) during prenatal aluminum chloride exposure. Pregnant rats were divided into 5 groups (n = 4); Group I rats were administered 2 ml kg-1 of distilled water (negative control), Group II rats received only 200 mg kg-1 aluminum chloride (positive control), Group III rats were administered 200 mg kg-1 aluminum chloride and 400 mg kg-1 EFTI, Group IV rats were administered 200 mg kg-1 aluminum chloride and 800 mg kg-1 EFTI, Group V rats were administered 200 mg kg-1 aluminum chloride and 300 mg kg-1 Vit E (comparative control). On postnatal day 1, the pups were euthanized, and liver tissues were harvested for the biochemical study (tissue levels of malondialdehyde, caspase-3, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and alanine aminotransferases) and the liver histological examination. The administration of EFTI was marked with significant improvement in the tissue levels of malondialdehyde, caspase-3, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and alanine aminotransferases. There was a marked improvement in histopathological changes associated with prenatal aluminum chloride exposure. In conclusion, the administration of EFTI was protective during prenatal aluminum chloride exposure of the liver in Wistar rats, and is mediated by the anti-lipid peroxidative, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory activity of EFTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Ruth Yusuf
- Department of Human Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | - Ismail Onanuga
- Department of Human Anatomy, Kampala International University, Tanzania
| | - Theophilus Pius
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Kampala International University, Uganda
| | | | | | - Juma John Ochieng
- Department of Human Anatomy, Kampala International University, Uganda
| | - Nicholas Kusiima
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Kampala International University, Uganda
| | - Bot Yakubu Sunday
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Kampala International University, Uganda
| | - Ibe Michael Usman
- Department of Human Anatomy, Kampala International University, Uganda
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2
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Trubiani O, Guarnieri S, Orciani M, Salvolini E, Di Primio R. Sphingolipid Microdomains Mediate CD38 Internalization: Topography of the Endocytosis. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 17:293-300. [PMID: 15461863 DOI: 10.1177/039463200401700309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma membranes of several cell types contain specialized microdomains (or lipid rafts) enriched in sphingolipids, cholesterol, sphingomyelin, and glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins. These membrane domains are characterized by detergent insolubility at low temperatures and low buoyant density. Human CD38 is the prototype of a gene family encoding surface molecules endowed with multiple functional activities. The endocytosis of the human CD38 molecule has been investigated in normal lymphocytes and in a number of leukemia- and lymphoma-derived cell lines demonstrating that internalization after CD38 ligation is a reproducible event involving only a fraction of the whole amount of the surface molecule. This study reports the results obtained by conventional, confocal, and electron microscopy on the effects induced by the engagement of the molecule with agonistic mAb, reproducing the signals mediated by its natural ligand. The results demonstrate that the endocytosis induced as consequence of CD38 ligation is preceded by a thorough rearrangement of the cell surface with formation of glycosphingolipid- and cholesterol-rich plasma membrane microdomains. These data suggest that specialized raft microdomains might be the plasma membrane structure through which CD38 translocates at intracellular level. The CD38/lipid interactions during the coated pit formation trigger a process that generate membrane curvature, considered as the first step of CD38 endocytosis. Moreover, ultrastructural studies show that early CD38+ endosomes are pleiomorphic and contain cisternal and vesicular regions. Late endosomes exhibit a complex organisation, containing uncoupled CD38-ligand multivesicular- or multilamellar-regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Trubiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Odontostomatologiche, University of Chieti, Italy
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Trubiani O, Salvolini E, Staffolani R, Di Primio R, Mazzanti L. DMSO Modifies Structural and Functional Properties of RPMI-8402 Cells by Promoting Programmed Cell Death. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 16:253-9. [PMID: 14611729 DOI: 10.1177/039463200301600311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis in lymphoid cells can be induced in different ways depending on cell type and acquired signal. Biochemical modifications occur at an early phase of cell death while at late times the typical morphological features of apoptosis can be visualized. The aim of this study is to verify by multiparametric analyses the plasma membrane fluidity, the intracellular Ca2+ concentration and the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity during cell death progression induced by DMSO treatment. The RPMI-8402 human pre-T lymphoblastoid cell line was induced to cell death by DMSO. Analyses rescued at early times of treatment prove a substantial modification of plasma membrane fluidity associated with an increase of intracellular Ca2+. Moreover, these modifications are associated with an up regulation of NOS activity. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that programmed cell death can be induced by up regulation of the intracellular Ca2+ associated with an increase of cell membrane fluidity. The apoptotic mechanisms seem to involve not only membrane damage and increased intracellular calcium levels but also production of nitric oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Trubiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Odontostomatologiche, University of Chieti, Italy
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Capodicasa E, Cornacchione P, Natalini B, Bartoli A, Coaccioli S, Marconi P, Scaringi L. Omeprazole Induces Apoptosis in Normal Human Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2008; 21:73-85. [DOI: 10.1177/039463200802100109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated in vitro apoptosis in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) induced by omeprazole. This drug, both in the native (OM) and acidified (OM-HCl) form, is a potent inducer of PMN apoptosis. The effect is time- and dose-dependent. OM-HCl is more efficient than OM in inducing PMN apoptosis. In fact, after 24 h incubation in vitro at 1×10 −4M OM-HCl induces apoptosis in 70% of the cell population compared to 37% induced by OM. Apoptosis induced by both forms of the drug is caspase dependent being significantly reduced by pretreating cells with the caspase 3 inhibitor (DEVDH-CHO). However, some differences in the apoptosis mechanisms between the two forms of the drug seem to exist because PMN treatment with the specific caspase 8 inhibitor (Z-IETD-FMK) only blocks OM-HCl mediated apoptosis. We observed cleavage of caspase 8 only in the cells incubated with OM-HCl while the executioner caspase 3 was activated with both forms of the drug. Furthermore, pretreatment with GM-CSF, a known activator of intracellular survival pathways in PMN, partially protected cells from OM-HCl induced apoptosis but did not contrast the apoptotic effect of OM. Cysteine cathepsin proteases also seem involved in the apoptotic mechanism of both drug forms since the specific inhibitor E64d gave a significant protection. To verify if OM-HCl induced apoptosis was dependent on the sulfenamide bound with the cell sulfhydryl groups we used molecules with thiol groups such as β-mercaptoethanol (β-ME) and reduced glutathione (GSH). Reactions of OM-HCl with cellular sulfhydryl groups are strongly involved in both the triggering and evolving phase of the apoptotic mechanism since significant protection from apoptosis was obtained when PMN were pretreated for 1h with β-ME (lipid-permeable) or GSH (lipid-impermeable). These results show that OM and OM-HCl induce apoptosis in human PMN and suggest that the second binds the sulfhydryl groups, present on the cell membrane, to then penetrate the cell thus causing a further significant increase in apoptosis. OM-induced PMN apoptosis during the treatment of gastric inflammatory disease could be an advantage for the resolution of the phlogosis state. However, this aspect should be further elucidated to assess the optimal therapeutical regimen for gastric diseases which are related to infective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P. Cornacchione
- General Pathology and Immunology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - B. Natalini
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - A. Bartoli
- General Pathology and Immunology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - S. Coaccioli
- Medical Clinic, S. Maria Hospital, Didactic and Scientific Division of Terni, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - P. Marconi
- General Pathology and Immunology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Medical Clinic, S. Maria Hospital, Didactic and Scientific Division of Terni, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - L. Scaringi
- General Pathology and Immunology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Trubiani O, Recchioni R, Moroni F, Pizzicannella J, Caputi S, Di Primio R. Melatonin provokes cell death in human B-lymphoma cells by mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathway activation. J Pineal Res 2005; 39:425-31. [PMID: 16207299 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2005.00270.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is an important cell suicide programme involved in physiological and pathological processes. Apoptosis can be induced in different ways depending on cell type and acquired signal. Melatonin, the major secretory product of the pineal gland, participates in many important physiological functions and displays a remarkable functional versatility exhibiting antioxidant, oncostatic, anti-aging, and immunomodulatory properties. Recently, it has been shown that, in addition to pineal gland, human lymphoid cells are an important physiological source of melatonin and that may be involved in the regulation of the immune system. In this work, we examine the effect of melatonin on RAMOS-1 human leukaemic cells. Cell growth and viability, DNA fragmentation and JC-1, and annexin V expression have been determined. To elucidate the mechanism of action of melatonin, Western blot analyses for Bcl-2 and caspase-3 expression, and cytochrome c release were carried out. The results suggest that the apoptotic effect of melatonin is associated with cell-cycle arrest, downregulation of Bcl-2, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, cytochrome c release and activation of caspase-3. The intrinsic (mitochondrial dependent) pathway of caspase activation is the 'point of no return' commitment to cell death. Taken together, our study indicates that melatonin may play a role as potential therapeutic drug in specific lymphoproliferative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriana Trubiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Odontostomatologiche, Università di Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, Chieti, Italy.
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Tiboni GM, Bucciarelli T, Giampietro F, Sulpizio M, Di Ilio C. Influence of cigarette smoking on vitamin E, vitamin A, beta-carotene and lycopene concentrations in human pre-ovulatory follicular fluid. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2005; 17:389-93. [PMID: 15461873 DOI: 10.1177/039463200401700319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that fat soluble vitamins and micronutrients have the potential for local modulation of follicular development. Cigarette smoking has been associated with accelerated follicular depletion and derangement of reproductive functions. The present study was initiated to investigate the impact of cigarette smoking on follicular and plasma concentrations of vitamin A, vitamin E, lycopene and beta-carotene. Samples were collected from 17 smokers and 43 non-smoking women undergoing assisted reproduction techniques. Assays were carried out by a reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Smokers had significantly (P < 0.05) lower levels of follicular fluid beta-carotene in comparison to non-smokers (0.02 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.09 +/- 0.02, respectively). No other significant influences on follicular and plasma concentrations were noted. Smokers showed a significantly (P < 0.05) lower fertilization rate in comparison to non-smokers, (55.9 % vs. 71.5 % , respectively). It is postulated that follicular depletion of the antioxidant beta-carotene occurs in response to oxidative stress imposed by cigarette smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Tiboni
- Sezione di Ostetricia e Ginecologia, Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, Universitá "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy.
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Marchisio M, Grimley PM, Di Baldassarre A, Santavenere E, Miscia S. Novel shift of Jak/Stat signalling characterizes the protective effect of aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) from tumor necrosis factor-alpha toxicity in human B lymphocytes. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2004; 17:5-14. [PMID: 15000861 DOI: 10.1177/039463200401700102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous results demonstrated that the occurrence of death in human peripheral B lymphocytes by TNF-alpha was paralleled by the activation of the cytoplasmic Jak1 and Tyk2 protein kinases, along with the recruitment of transcription factors Stat3 and Stat5b. In this study we demonstrate that the balance of survival signals in the presence of TNF-alpha was altered by the addition of a salicylate compound, the endonuclease inhibitor aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA). Apoptosis effected by TNF-alpha alone was suppressed by ATA and this event was paralleled by phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Jak2, Stat2, Stat4 and NF-kB, along with inhibition of caspase activation. These results confirm that among the different cellular responses evoked by TNF-alpha in human B cells, recruitment of Jak/Stat proteins and possible related gene modulation represent contributing factors and address the issue of the development of potential therapeutic strategies aimed at the control of systemic or local effects produced by TNF-alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Marchisio
- Cell Signaling Unit, Department of Biomorphology, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
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8
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Di Pietro R, Centurione L, Sabatini N, Bosco D, Sancilio S, Garaci F, Rana R, Cataldi A. Caspase-3 is dually regulated by apoptogenic factors mitochondrial release and by SAPK/JNK metabolic pathway in leukemic cells exposed to etoposide-ionizing radiation combined treatment. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2004; 17:181-90. [PMID: 15171819 DOI: 10.1177/039463200401700210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation induces a series of multiple intracellular events which can lead to activation of caspases, cytoplasmic proteases involved in the occurrence of apoptosis. The response of leukemic cells to ionizing radiation is amplified when they have been pre-treated with the anticancer drug etoposide, therefore the aim of this work has been to establish the lowest etoposide concentration combined with the lowest ionizing radiation dose to obtain the best antineoplastic response. Two leukemic cell lines, HL-60 and Jurkat, employed in this study demonstrated different sensitivities to ionizing radiation and to etoposide treatment, with Jurkat T cells requiring a higher dose (1 microM) to display cell cycle perturbation and apoptotic DNA damage similar to those seen in HL-60. We hypothesize that this kind of response could be mediated by mitochondrial release of apoptogenic factors and by SAPK/JNK metabolic pathway activation, both leading to caspase-3 cleavage. All in all these results provide insight into the sensitivity or resistance of leukemic cells to antineoplastic agents and identify molecular targets for rational therapeutic intervention strategies.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/physiology
- Blotting, Western
- Caspase 3
- Caspases/biosynthesis
- Caspases/genetics
- Cell Fractionation
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Etoposide/therapeutic use
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/physiology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/radiation effects
- HL-60 Cells
- Humans
- Immunoprecipitation
- JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/physiology
- Jurkat Cells
- Leukemia/drug therapy
- Leukemia/metabolism
- Leukemia/radiotherapy
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Microscopy, Immunoelectron
- Mitochondria/enzymology
- Topoisomerase II Inhibitors
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Affiliation(s)
- R Di Pietro
- Dept Biomorphology, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti, Italy
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Conti P, Kempuraj D, Frydas S, Kandere K, Boucher W, Letourneau R, Madhappan B, Sagimoto K, Christodoulou S, Theoharides TC. IL-10 subfamily members: IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24 and IL-26. Immunol Lett 2003; 88:171-4. [PMID: 12941475 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2478(03)00087-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that the CD4+ T cell is a very important source of interleukin 10 (IL-10), while CD8+ cells produce low amounts. IL-10 exerts several immune stimulating, as well as inhibitory effects. There are at least five novel human IL-10 family-related molecules: IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24, and IL-26. Activated T cells produce IL-19, IL-22 and IL-26, while IL-24 is produced by activated monocytes and T-cells. IL-20 induces cheratin proliferation and Stat-3 signal transduction pathway, while IL-22 induces acute-phase production by hepatocytes and neonatal lethality with skin abnormalities reminiscent of psoriasic lesions in humans. In addition, IL-22 mediates inflammation and binds class II cytokine receptor heterodimers IL-22 RA1/CRF2-4. This cytokine is also involved in immuno-regulatory responses. IL-26 (AK155) is a novel cytokine generated by memory cells and is involved in the transformed phenotype of human T cells after infection by herpes virus. All these new IL-10 subfamily member cytokines are strongly involved in immune regulation and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Conti
- Immunology Department, University of Chieti, Immunology Division, School of Medicine, Via dei Vestini, 31, Chieti 661013, Italy.
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Kempuraj D, Frydas S, Kandere K, Madhappan B, Letourneau R, Christodoulou S, Boucher W, Riccioni G, Conti P, Theoharides TC. Interleukin-19 (IL-19) network revisited. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2003; 16:95-7. [PMID: 12797898 DOI: 10.1177/039463200301600201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D Kempuraj
- Pharmacology Department, TUFTS University, School of Medicine, Boston MA 02111, USA.
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