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Bhardwaj P, Tripathi P, Gupta R, Pandey S. Niosomes: A review on niosomal research in the last decade. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Speranza L, De Lutiis M, Shaik Y, Felaco M, Patruno A, Tetè A, Mastrangelo F, Madhappan B, Castellani M, Conti F, Vecchiet J, Theoharides T, Conti P, Grilli A. Localization and Activity of iNOS in Normal Human Lung Tissue and Lung Cancer Tissue. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 22:226-31. [DOI: 10.1177/172460080702200311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is one of three enzymes generating nitric oxide (NO) from the amino acid L-arginine. iNOS-derived NO plays an important role in several physiological and pathophysiological conditions. NO is a free radical which produces many reactive intermediates that account for its bioactivity. In the human lung, the alveolar macrophage is an important producer of cytokines and this production may be modified by NO. Moreover, high concentrations of NO have been shown to increase nuclear factor KB (NF-kB) activation. Recent investigations of NO expression in tumor tissue indicated that, at least for certain tumors, NO may mediate one or more roles during the growth of human cancer. We have studied iNOS in two tissue groups: normal human lung tissue and human lung cancer tissue. We localized iNOS in these tissues by immunohistochemistry and tested the mRNA expression by RT-PCR, the protein level by Western blot, and the protein activity by radiometric analysis. The results demonstrate different expression, localization and activity of iNOS in normal versus tumor tissue. This is suggestive of a role for NO production from iNOS in human lung cancer because high concentrations of this short molecule may transform to highly reactive compounds such as peroxynitrite (ONOO-); moreover, through the upregulator NF-kB, they can induce a chronic inflammatory state representing an elevated risk for cell transformation to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Speranza
- Department of Human Dynamics, University of Chieti, Chieti - Italy
| | - M.A. De Lutiis
- Department of Human Dynamics, University of Chieti, Chieti - Italy
| | - Y.B. Shaik
- Department of Oral Biology and Periodontology Boston University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA - USA
| | - M. Felaco
- Department of Human Dynamics, University of Chieti, Chieti - Italy
| | - A. Patruno
- Department of Human Dynamics, University of Chieti, Chieti - Italy
| | - A. Tetè
- Department of Oral Sciences, University of Chieti, Chieti - Italy
| | - F. Mastrangelo
- Department of Oral Sciences, University of Chieti, Chieti - Italy
| | - B. Madhappan
- Pharmacology Department, Tufts University, New England Medical Center, Boston, MA - USA
| | | | - F. Conti
- Gynecology Section, University of Chieti, Chieti
| | - J. Vecchiet
- Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Chieti, Chieti
| | - T.C. Theoharides
- Pharmacology Department, Tufts University, New England Medical Center, Boston, MA - USA
| | - P. Conti
- Immunology Division, University of Chieti, Chieti
| | - A. Grilli
- Department of Human Dynamics, University of Chieti, Chieti - Italy
- Leonardo da Vinci Telematic University, Torrevecchia Teatina (Chieti) - Italy
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Papazahariadou M, Athanasiadis GI, Papadopoulos E, Symeonidou I, Hatzistilianou M, Castellani ML, Bhattacharya K, Shanmugham LN, Conti P, Frydas S. Involvement of NK Cells against Tumors and Parasites. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 22:144-53. [PMID: 17549670 DOI: 10.1177/172460080702200208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Host resistance against pathogens depends on a complex interplay of innate and adaptive immune mechanisms. Acting as an early line of defence, the immune system includes activation of neutrophils, tissue macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells, eosinophils and natural killer (NK) cells. NK cells are lymphoid cells that can be activated without previous stimulation and are therefore like macrophages in the first line of defence against tumor cells and a diverse range of pathogens. NK cells mediate significant activity and produce high levels of proinflammatory cytokines in response to infection. Their cytotoxicity production is induced principally by monocyte-, macrophage- and dendritic cell-derived cytokines, but their activation is also believed to be cytokine-mediated. Recognition of infection by NK cells is accomplished by numerous activating and inhibitory receptors on the NK cells’ surface that selectively trigger the cytolytic activity in a major histocompability complex-independent manner. NK cells have trypanocidal activity of fibroblast cells and mediate direct destruction of extracellular epimastigote and trypomastigote forms of T. cruzi and T. lewisi in vitro; moreover, they kill plasmodia-infected erythrocytes directly through cell-cell interaction. This review provides a more detailed analysis of how NK cells recognize and respond to parasites and how they mediate cytotoxicity against tumor cells. Also the unique role of NK cells in innate immunity to infection and the relationship between parasites and carcinogenesis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Papazahariadou
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, Aristotele University, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Masotti A. Niosomes as candidate bioconjugates for imaging and pH-sensitive drug delivery nanocarriers for rare pediatric tumors. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(13)50003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Bennett KM, Zhou H, Sumner JP, Dodd SJ, Bouraoud N, Doi K, Star RA, Koretsky AP. MRI of the basement membrane using charged nanoparticles as contrast agents. Magn Reson Med 2009; 60:564-74. [PMID: 18727041 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.21684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The integrity of the basement membrane is essential for tissue cellular growth and is often altered in disease. In this work a method for noninvasively detecting the structural integrity of the basement membrane, based on the delivery of cationic iron-oxide nanoparticles, was developed. Cationic particles accumulate due to the highly negative charge of proteoglycans in the basement membrane. The kidney was used to test this technique because of its highly fenestrated endothelia and well-established disease models to manipulate the basement membrane charge barrier. After systemic injection of cationic or native ferritin (CF or NF) in rats, ex vivo and in vivo MRI showed selective accumulation of CF, but not NF, causing a 60% reduction in signal intensity in cortex at the location of individual glomeruli. Immunofluorescence and electron microscopy demonstrated that this CF accumulation was localized to the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). In a model of GBM breakdown during focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis, MRI showed reduced single glomerular accumulation of CF, but a diffuse accumulation of CF in the kidney tubules caused by leakage of CF through the glomerulus. Cationic contrast agents can be used to target the basement membrane and detect the breakdown of the basement membrane in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Bennett
- Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disease and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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Ferroud C, Borderies H, Lasri E, Guy A, Port M. Synthesis of a novel amphiphilic GdPCTA-[12] derivative as a potential micellar MRI contrast agent. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.07.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Carinci F, Arcelli D, Lo Muzio L, Francioso F, Valentini D, Evangelisti R, Volinia S, D'Angelo A, Meroni G, Zollo M, Pastore A, Ionna F, Mastrangelo F, Conti P, Tetè S. Molecular classification of nodal metastasis in primary larynx squamous cell carcinoma. Transl Res 2007; 150:233-45. [PMID: 17900511 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2007.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2006] [Revised: 03/12/2007] [Accepted: 03/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Classification and prognosis of larynx squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) depends on clinical and histopathological examination. Currently, expression profiling harbors the potential to investigate, classify, and better manage cancer. Gene expression profiles of 22 primary LSCCs were analyzed by microarrays containing 19,200 cDNAs. GOAL functionally classified differentially expressed genes, and a novel "in silico" procedure identified physical gene clusters differentially transcribed. A signature of 158 genes differentiated tumors with nodal metastasis. A novel statistical method allowed categorization of metastatic tumors into 2 distinct subgroups of differential gene expression patterns. Among genes correlated to nodal metastatic progression, we verified in vitro that NM23-H3 reduced cell motility and TRIM8 were a growth suppressor. Six chromosomal regions were specifically downregulated in metastatic tumors. This large-scale gene expression analysis in LSCC provides information on changes in genomic activity associated with lymphonodal metastasis and identifies molecules that might prove useful as novel therapeutic targets.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/secondary
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cluster Analysis
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Disease Progression
- Down-Regulation/genetics
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, Neoplasm
- Humans
- Laryngeal Neoplasms/genetics
- Laryngeal Neoplasms/metabolism
- Laryngeal Neoplasms/pathology
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Male
- NM23 Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinases/genetics
- Neoplasm Staging
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis/methods
- Prognosis
- RNA, Neoplasm/isolation & purification
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
- Up-Regulation/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Carinci
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Niu Q, Yang Y, Zhang Q, Niu P, He S, Di Gioacchino M, Conti P, Boscolo P. The relationship between Bcl-2 gene expression and learning & memory impairment in chronic aluminum-exposed rats. Neurotox Res 2007; 12:163-9. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03033913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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