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Salem R, Massoud R, Kanj SS, Hamdan M, Salman R, Bazarbachi A, El-Cheikh J. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients receiving rituximab and cyclophosphamide after haplo-identical T-cell replete transplantation and review of the literature. Curr Res Transl Med 2017; 65:127-132. [PMID: 29132903 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
John Cunningham virus (JCV) reactivation, occurring mainly in immunocompromised patients, leads to progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, an uncommon but lethal disease. JCV reactivation after T-cell replete haploidentical stem cell transplantation, in the pre-cyclophosphamide era, is poorly represented in the literature. We therefore describe two cases of acute myeloid leukemia who developed JCV reactivation after receiving cyclophosphamide and rituximab post haploidentical stem cell transplantation, and review the literature, aiming to a better understanding of the disease course and its risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Salem
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Program, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - R Massoud
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Program, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - S S Kanj
- Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - M Hamdan
- Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - R Salman
- Diagnostic Radiology Department, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - A Bazarbachi
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Program, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - J El-Cheikh
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Program, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Koskenvuo M, Lautenschlager I, Kardas P, Auvinen E, Mannonen L, Huttunen P, Taskinen M, Vettenranta K, Hirsch HH. Diffuse gastrointestinal bleeding and BK polyomavirus replication in a pediatric allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant patient. J Clin Virol 2014; 62:72-4. [PMID: 25542476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2014.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are at high risk of severe gastrointestinal bleeding caused by infections, graft versus host disease, and disturbances in haemostasis. BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) is known to cause hemorrhagic cystitis, but there is also evidence of BKV shedding in stool and its association with gastrointestinal disease. We report putative association of BKPyV replication with high plasma viral loads in a pediatric HSCT patient developing hemorrhagic cystitis and severe gastrointestinal bleeding necessitating intensive care. The observation was based on chart review and analysis of BKPyV DNA loads in plasma and urine as well as retrospective BKPyV-specific IgM and IgG measurements in weekly samples until three months post-transplant. The gastrointestinal bleeding was observed after a >100-fold increase in the plasma BKPyV loads and the start of hemorrhagic cystitis. The BKPyV-specific antibody response indicated past infection prior to transplantation, but increasing IgG titers were seen following BKPyV replication. The gastrointestinal biopsies were taken at a late stage of the episode and were no longer informative of BK polyomavirus involvement. In conclusion, gastrointestinal complications with bleeding are a significant problem after allogeneic HSCT to which viral infections including BKPyV may contribute.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Koskenvuo
- Division of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - I Lautenschlager
- Department of Virology, Helsinki University Hospital (HUSLAB) and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Kardas
- Transplantation & Clinical Virology, Department Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - E Auvinen
- Department of Virology, Helsinki University Hospital (HUSLAB) and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - L Mannonen
- Department of Virology, Helsinki University Hospital (HUSLAB) and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Huttunen
- Division of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Taskinen
- Division of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Vettenranta
- Division of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - H H Hirsch
- Transplantation & Clinical Virology, Department Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Infectious Diseases &Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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JC Virus Leuko-Encephalopathy in Reduced Intensity Conditioning Cord Blood Transplant Recipient with a Review of the Literature. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2012; 4:e2012043. [PMID: 22811792 PMCID: PMC3395713 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2012.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here the case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) related to human polyomavirus JC (JCV) infection after an allogeneic transplantation with umbilical cord blood cells in 59-year-old woman with follicular Non Hodgkin lymphoma. She presented with dysphagia and weakness; magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated marked signal abnormality in the sub-cortical white matter of the left frontal lobe and in the posterior limb of the right internal capsule. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was positive for John Cunningham (JC) virus. JC viral DNA in the CSF was positive, establishing the diagnosis of PML. Brain biopsy was not done. Extensive investigations for other viral infections seen in immuno-compromised patients were negative. The patient's neurologic deficits rapidly increased throughout her hospital stay, and she died one month after the diagnosis. These findings could have practical implications and demonstrate that in patients presenting neurological symptoms and radiological signs after UCBT, the JCV encephalitis must be early suspected.
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Saggini A, Anogeianaki A, Angelucci D, Cianchetti E, D'Alessandro M, Maccauro G, Salini V, Caraffa A, Teté S, Conti F, Tripodi D, Fulcheri M, Frydas S, Rosati M, Shaik-Dasthagirisaheb Y. Cholesterol: An Inflammatory Compound. EUR J INFLAMM 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x1100900301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the main rising causes of health problems in modern society and is correlated to type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, heart disease and atherosclerosis. Bacterial products, endogenous substances such as oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) and heat shock proteins mediate activation of Toll-like receptors and reinforce the view that the innate immune system plays a key role in the genesis of atherosclerosis. In addition, natural killer T (NKT) cells respond to lipids presented via CD1d on APCs, and may also be able to affect atherosclerosis. All the main cell types involved in atherosclerosis such as endothelial cells, macrophages, T cells, smooth muscle cells and platelets express proinflammatory cytokines. In addition, CD4 ligation triggers the expression of adhesion molecules, cytokines and matrix metalloprotinease. IL-6 cytokines travels to the liver where it elicits acute phase response resolving in the release of serum amyloid-A C-reactive protein, fibrogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Therefore increasing body fat mass is associated with high levels of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 and TNF. In this study we revisit the interrelationship between fat and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Saggini
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - A. Anogeianaki
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - D. Angelucci
- AnatomoPathology Division, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | - G. Maccauro
- Department of Orthopaedics, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - V. Salini
- Orthopaedics Division, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - A. Caraffa
- Orthopaedics Division, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - S. Teté
- Department of Oral, Nano and Biotechnologies, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - F. Conti
- Department of Gyneacology, “Santo Spirito” Hospital, Pescara, Italy
| | - D. Tripodi
- Department of Oral, Nano and Biotechnologies, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - M. Fulcheri
- Psychology Division, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - S. Frydas
- Parassitology Division, Thessaloniki University, Greece
| | - M. Rosati
- Department of Gyneacology, “Santo Spirito” Hospital, Pescara, Italy
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