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Hinoue T, Yatabe T, Nishida O. Prediction of postoperative atrial fibrillation with the systemic immune-inflammation index in patients undergoing cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass: a retrospective, single-center study. J Artif Organs 2023; 26:112-118. [PMID: 35579768 DOI: 10.1007/s10047-022-01338-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII, platelet count × neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio) is a novel parameter for systemic inflammation. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with systemic inflammatory responses. This retrospective study aimed to determine whether SII could predict postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) after cardiac surgery using CPB. Patients who underwent cardiac surgery using CPB between January 2020 and July 2021 were included. The primary outcome was POAF incidence within 7 days. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate SII ability in predicting POAF. Multivariable analysis was used to estimate the independent association between SII and POAF development. The study included 212 patients, and 90 (43%) developed POAF. The preoperative SII cutoff of 545 × 109/L predicted a poor outcome with 71% sensitivity and 81% specificity. The area under the ROC curve was 0.80 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.73-0.86). Multivariable analysis showed that SII ≥ 545 × 109/L was associated with the development of POAF (odds ratio 10.2; 95% CI 5.1-20.2, P < 0.001). SII predicted POAF with a curve of 0.91 (95% CI 0.82-1.00) in patients with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG); the corresponding value in patients without CABG was 0.75 (95% CI 0.67-0.83). Preoperative SII may be a useful prognostic biomarker for POAF in patients undergoing cardiac surgery using CPB. Moreover, preoperative SII may play an important role in predicting POAF in patients undergoing CABG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Hinoue
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Yatabe
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Nishichita General Hospital, 3-1-1, Nakanoike, Tokai, Aichi, 477-8522, Japan.
| | - Osamu Nishida
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan.
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Potential Medical Applications of Chitooligosaccharides. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173558. [PMID: 36080631 PMCID: PMC9460531 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharides, also known as chitosan oligomers or chitooligomers, are made up of chitosan with a degree of polymerization (DP) that is less than 20 and an average molecular weight (MW) that is lower than 3.9 kDa. COS can be produced through enzymatic conversions using chitinases, physical and chemical applications, or a combination of these strategies. COS is of significant interest for pharmacological and medical applications due to its increased water solubility and non-toxicity, with a wide range of bioactivities, including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, neuroprotective, anticancer, and antioxidant effects. This review aims to outline the recent advances and potential applications of COS in various diseases and conditions based on the available literature, mainly from preclinical research. The prospects of further in vivo studies and translational research on COS in the medical field are highlighted.
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Luo B, Li Y, Zhu M, Cui J, Liu Y, Liu Y. Intermittent Hypoxia and Atherosclerosis: From Molecular Mechanisms to the Therapeutic Treatment. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1438470. [PMID: 35965683 PMCID: PMC9365608 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1438470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Intermittent hypoxia (IH) has a dual nature. On the one hand, chronic IH (CIH) is an important pathologic feature of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome (OSAS), and many studies have confirmed that OSA-related CIH (OSA-CIH) has atherogenic effects involving complex and interacting mechanisms. Limited preventive and treatment methods are currently available for this condition. On the other hand, non-OSA-related IH has beneficial or detrimental effects on the body, depending on the degree, duration, and cyclic cycle of hypoxia. It includes two main states: intermittent hypoxia in a simulated plateau environment and intermittent hypoxia in a normobaric environment. In this paper, we compare the two types of IH and summarizes the pathologic mechanisms and research advances in the treatment of OSA-CIH-induced atherosclerosis (AS), to provide evidence for the systematic prevention and treatment of OSAS-related AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binyu Luo
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jing Cui
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yanfei Liu
- The Second Department of Gerontology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yue Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
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Chen B, Kong X, Li Z, Hu W, Zhou H, Gao J, Cui Y, Li S, Wan Q, Feng Y. Downregulation of NF-κB by Shp-1 alleviates cerebral venous sinus thrombosis-induced brain edema via suppression of AQP4. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2022; 31:106570. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Baek JH, Lee H. Why should you not overlook the postoperative evaluation of steno-occlusive arterial disease for coronary artery bypass graft patients? KOSIN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.7180/kmj.22.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Kim SG, Lee GW, Lee CH. Incidence of arterial steno-occlusive disease and related factors in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. KOSIN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.7180/kmj.22.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Patients who undergo coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery receive regular physical examinations and medications on an outpatient basis. However, these patients are at risk of developing other vascular diseases, such as postoperative arterial steno-occlusive disease (SOD). This study investigated the incidence of SOD and related factors.Methods: In total, 246 patients who underwent CABG surgery from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2021 were investigated. The incidence and risk factors of vascular disease were analyzed by dividing the included patients into SOD and non-SOD groups. Laboratory tests, medical history, surgical information, and family history were investigated through an electronic chart review.Results: Data from 193 patients who met the criteria were analyzed. SOD occurred in 19.1% of patients, and the cerebral artery (38%) was the most common artery involved, followed by the peripheral artery (32%), the coronary artery (22%), and the retinal artery (8%). Risk factors for the development of SOD included estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; odds ratio [OR]=0.977, p=0.008), cholesterol (OR=1.020, p=0.001), and patients with diabetes complications (OR=5.077, p=0.010). The 3-year cumulative incidence rate was 21.6%, and the risk factors for cumulative occurrence were a low eGFR, elevated cholesterol, and complications of diabetes.Conclusions: Low eGFR, high cholesterol, and the presence of diabetic complications before CABG surgery may be associated with postoperative vascular disease. In these cases, close monitoring, proper drug administration, and patient warnings may be required.
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Abstract
Coronary atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that can lead to varying degrees of blood flow obstruction and a common pathophysiological basis of cardiovascular disease. Inflammatory factors run through the whole process of atherosclerotic lesions. Macrophages, T cells, and neutrophils play important roles in the process of atherosclerotic inflammation. Considering the evolutionary characteristics, atherosclerosis can be divided into different stages as early atherosclerotic plaque, plaque formation stage, and plaque rupture stage. In this paper, the changes in inflammatory cells at different stages of lesions and their related mechanisms are discussed, which can provide new insights from a clinical to bench perspective for atherosclerosis me chanism.
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Tan W, Wang G, Liu G, You D, Wei M, Jin X, Zhao W, Zheng M. The elevation of miR-185-5p alleviates high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis and lipid accumulation in vivo and in vitro via SREBP2 activation. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:1729-1742. [PMID: 35172278 PMCID: PMC8908921 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE SREBP2, a member of the SREBP family, is a primary regulator of lipid metabolism. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have suggested that miRNAs regulate lipid metabolism-related genes. It was speculated in this study that miRNAs may be implicated in the regulation of lipid accumulation in macrophages by SREBP2 protein. METHODS AND RESULTS GSE34812, GSE132651 and GSE28829 datasets comprised of atherosclerosis samples were downloaded to explore the gene expression profiles related to the miRNAs and SREBP2, and miR-185-5p was predicted to be a target of SREBP2. The GO annotations and KEGG pathway analysis were adopted for functional classification of differentially expressed genes, and lipid metabolic process was an enriched pathway in atherosclerosis. Besides, the effects of SREBP2 on increasing lipid accumulation were investigated in vivo using miR-185-5p mimic/apoE-/- mice and miR-185-5p NC/apoE-/- mice. All mice fed with a HFD suffered from atherosclerosis. Moreover, the effects of miR-185-5p on atherosclerotic plaque formation in mice were analyzed. An in vitro assay was also performed to determine the effect of miR-185-5p on ox-LDL-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Finally, miR-185-5p mimic was transfected into cultured macrophages. The results showed that the miR-185-5p elevation might regulate lipid accumulation in mice by targeting SREBP2. Furthermore, miR-185-5p mimic repressed the activation of SREBP1, SREBP2, LDLR, SCD-1, HMGCR as well as NLRP3, IL-1β, TNF-α in HFD fed mice or ox-LDL-stimulated macrophages. CONCLUSIONS our study demonstrated that miR-185-5p effectively alleviates atherosclerosis and lipid accumulation by regulating the miR-185-5p/SREBP2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyun Tan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, 980 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Forces, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Daofeng You
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Mei Wei
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaojing Jin
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Mingqi Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Landowska M, Żebrowska A, Fajer K, Adamek P, Kruk A, Kałuża B, Franek E. Atherosclerosis Risk Factors in Patients with Reactive Hypoglycemia. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:3133-3142. [PMID: 36246517 PMCID: PMC9561486 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s371706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Glucose metabolism disorders are an established risk factor for atherosclerosis. Although reactive hypoglycemia (RH) can be classified as one of these disorders, its role as a potential atherosclerosis risk factor remains unclear. The aim of the study was to assess whether patients with RH have a higher risk of atherosclerosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS We recruited 178 patients (N=178) with suspected RH who were hospitalized after 2014 and underwent a prolonged 5-hour oral glucose tolerance test. The study cohort was divided into 2 groups depending on the results of the oral glucose tolerance test: Group 1 - subjects without RH (n=44), Group 2 -subjects with RH (n=134). RESULTS The analyzed groups differed significantly in terms of the following risk factors for atherosclerosis: high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels (54.3±18.8 mg/dL vs 63±18.5 mg/dL, p=0.003) and atherogenic indices (Castelli I: 3.7±1.2 vs 3.1±1.3, p=0.004; Castelli II: 2.1±0.9 vs 1.7±0.9, p=0.007; the atherogenic index of plasma: 0.34±0.33 vs 0.18±0.3, p=0.006; and the atherogenic coefficient: 2.7±1.2 vs 2.1±1.3, p=0.004). Univariate logistic regression showed that RH should not be considered to be a predictor of an increased atherogenic index of plasma (odds ratio [OR]=0.3 [95% confidence interval [CI] [0.16-0.7], p=0.002). Multivariate logistic regression revealed triglyceride levels (OR 1.14 [1.07-1.2], p=0.001) and body weight (OR 1.07 [1.03-1.12], p=0.002) to be independent risk factors for atherosclerosis. CONCLUSION Atherosclerosis risk factors are no more prevalent in patients with RH. RH does not increase the risk of an abnormal atherogenic index of plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Landowska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Students Scientific Group of the Medical University of Warsaw at the Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Żebrowska
- Students Scientific Group of the Medical University of Warsaw at the Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Konrad Fajer
- Students Scientific Group of the Medical University of Warsaw at the Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patrycja Adamek
- Students Scientific Group of the Medical University of Warsaw at the Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kruk
- Students Scientific Group of the Medical University of Warsaw at the Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bernadetta Kałuża
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Students Scientific Group of the Medical University of Warsaw at the Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: Bernadetta Kałuża, Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration in Warsaw, Wołoska 137, Warsaw, 02-507, Poland, Tel +47 722 14 05, Email
| | - Edward Franek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Lin HH, Hsieh MC, Wang CP, Yu PR, Lee MS, Chen JH. Anti-Atherosclerotic Effect of Gossypetin on Abnormal Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091357. [PMID: 34572989 PMCID: PMC8470489 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gossypetin (GTIN), known as 3,5,7,8,3′,4′-hexahydroxyflavone, has been demonstrated to exert anti-atherosclerotic potential against apoptotic injury in oxidized low-density lipoprotein-incubated endothelial cells, and atherosclerotic lesions of cholesterol-fed rabbits. However, the effect and underlying mechanism of GTIN on abnormal vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) proliferation and migration, a major event in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, is still unknown. In this study, non-cytotoxic doses of GTIN abolished the VSMCs A7r5 proliferation and cell-cycle S phase distribution. The GTIN-arrested G0/G1 phase might be performed by increasing the expressions of phosphorylated p53 and its downstream molecules that inhibit the activation of cyclin E/cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk)-2, blocking retinoblastoma protein (Rb) phosphorylation and the subsequent dissociation of Rb/transcription factor E2F1 complex. In addition, the results indicated that GTIN inhibited VSMCs wound-healing and migratory abilities through reducing matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 activity and expression, as well as down-regulating protein kinase B (PKB)/nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) signaling. GTIN also revealed potential in diminishing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. These findings suggested the inhibitory effects of GTIN on VSMCs dysfunction could likely lead to the containment of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan; (H.-H.L.); (M.-C.H.); (C.-P.W.)
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chang Hsieh
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan; (H.-H.L.); (M.-C.H.); (C.-P.W.)
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ping Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan; (H.-H.L.); (M.-C.H.); (C.-P.W.)
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Rong Yu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Shih Lee
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan; (H.-H.L.); (M.-C.H.); (C.-P.W.)
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.-S.L.); (J.-H.C.); Tel.: +886-424-730-022 (ext. 12404) (M.-S.L.); +886-424-730-022 (ext. 12195) (J.-H.C.)
| | - Jing-Hsien Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (M.-S.L.); (J.-H.C.); Tel.: +886-424-730-022 (ext. 12404) (M.-S.L.); +886-424-730-022 (ext. 12195) (J.-H.C.)
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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Morinda citrifolia Extract against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in RAW264 Cells. MEDICINES 2021; 8:medicines8080043. [PMID: 34436222 PMCID: PMC8401686 DOI: 10.3390/medicines8080043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Leaves of Morinda citrifolia (noni) have been used in Polynesian folk medicine for the treatment of pain and inflammation, and their juice is very popular worldwide as a functional food supplement. This study aimed to demonstrate that M. citrifolia seed extract exerts anti-inflammatory effects on RAW264 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide. To confirm the inhibitory effect of M. citrifolia seed extract, we assessed the production of nitric oxide (NO) and inflammatory cytokines. The M. citrifolia seed extract showed a significant inhibition of NO production, with no effect on cell viability, and was more active than M. citrifolia seed oil, leaf extract, and fruit extract. The M. citrifolia seed extract was found to reduce the expression of inducible NO synthase and tumor necrosis factor-alpha of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effect of M. citrifolia seed extract is related to a reduction in the expression of inflammatory mediators and support its potential therapeutic use.
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The importance of autophagy regulation in obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath 2021; 25:1211-1218. [PMID: 33394324 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-020-02261-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Autophagy, the self-renewal process of cells, is dependent on lysosomes to degrade damaged organelles and proteins. The increased or damaged level of autophagy is proven to relate to a number of disorders, including metabolic disorders, malignant tumors, pulmonary diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. This review aims to examine the effects of autophagy on the pathogenic mechanism of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in order to guide relevant disease treatment. METHODS We conducted a search of the literature using the electronic database, focusing on articles that explored the association between OSA and autophagy. CONCLUSION OSA can induced autophagy through hypoxia, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, endothelial dysfunction, miRNA, etc. We propose that the mechanism of the autophagy in patients with OSA should be eclucidated in further studies.
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Shatoor AS, Al Humayed S. The Protective Effect of Crataegus aronia Against High-Fat Diet-Induced Vascular Inflammation in Rats Entails Inhibition of the NLRP-3 Inflammasome Pathway. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2020; 20:82-99. [PMID: 31183600 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-019-09534-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated whether the whole-plant aqueous extract of Crataegus aronia (C. aronia) could protect against or alleviate high-fat diet (HFD)-induced aortic vascular inflammation in rats by inhibiting the NLRP-3 inflammasome pathway and examined some mechanisms of action with respect to its antioxidant and hypolipidemic effects. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n = 6/each): standard diet (10% fat) fed to control rats, control + C. aronia (200 mg/kg), HFD (40% fat), HFD + C. aronia, and HFD post-treated with C. aronia. The HFD was fed for 8 weeks and C. aronia was administered orally for 4 weeks. In addition, isolated macrophages from control rats were pre-incubated with two doses of C. aronia (25 and 50 μg/mL) with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Only in HFD-fed rats, co- and post-C. aronia therapy lowered circulatory levels of LDL-C and ox-LDL-c and aortic protein levels of LOX-1 and CD36. C. aronia also inhibited the nuclear accumulation of NF-κB and lowered protein levels of NLRP-3, caspase-1, and mature IL-1β. In vitro, in the absence of ox-LDL-c, C. aronia led to reduced nuclear levels of NF-κB, ROS generation, and protein NLRP-3 levels, in both LPS-stimulated and unstimulated macrophages, in a dose-dependent manner. However, protein levels of LOX-1 were not affected by C. aronia in unstimulated cells. In conclusion, C. aronia inhibits the NLRP-3 inflammasome pathway, induced by HFD feeding in the aorta of rats, mainly by its hypolipidemic effect and in vitro, in LPS-stimulated macrophages, by its antioxidant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah S Shatoor
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Section, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Suliman Al Humayed
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
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Mauro MD, Calafiore AM, Di Franco A, Nicolini F, Formica F, Scrofani R, Antona C, Messina A, Troise G, Mariscalco G, Beghi C, De Bonis M, Trumello C, Miceli A, Glauber M, Ranucci M, De Vincentiis C, Gaudino M, Lorusso R. Association between cardioplegia and postoperative atrial fibrillation in coronary surgery. Int J Cardiol 2020; 324:38-43. [PMID: 33022288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this multicenter study was to evaluated whether cold or warm cardioplegia are associated with postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) and the prognostic role of the latter on early stroke and neurological mortality. METHOD This was a retrospective analysis of prospective collected data from 9 cardiac centers in Italy and the United States including patients undergoing surgery between 2010 and 2018. From the 9 institutional databases, 17,231 patients underwent isolated CABG on-pump, using either warm cardioplegia (n = 7730) or cold cardioplegia (n = 9501); among the latter group blood and crystalloid cardioplegia were used in 691 and 8810 patients, respectively. After matching, two pairs of 4162 patients (overall cohort 8324) were analyzed. RESULTS In matched population, the rate of POAF was 18% (1472 cases), 15% (608) in warm group versus 21% (864) in cold group (p < 0.001). Multivariable analysis confirmed that cold cardioplegia was associated with higher rate of POAF, along with age, hypercholesterolemia, LVEF, reoperation, preoperative IABP, previous stroke, cardiopulmonary and cross-clamp. Moreover, cold cardioplegia as well as POAF increased the rate of postoperative stroke as well as early mortality and neurological mortality Propensity-weighted cohort included 11,830 (70%) patients out of 17,231. After adjustment, both cold blood and cold crystalloid cardioplegia negatively influenced POAF, stroke and neurological mortality. CONCLUSIONS Warm cardioplegia may reduce the rate of POAF in CABG patients with respect to cold cardioplegia, either blood or crystalloid. This has a prognostic impact on postoperative stroke and neurological mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Di Mauro
- Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Unit, Heart and Vascular Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Antonino Di Franco
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Francesco Nicolini
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, Ospedale Maggiore, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Formica
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, Ospedale Maggiore, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Roberto Scrofani
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, Ospedale Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Antona
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, Ospedale Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Messina
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, Poliambulanza Hospital, Fondazione Poliambulanza, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Troise
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, Poliambulanza Hospital, Fondazione Poliambulanza, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mariscalco
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Cesare Beghi
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, Ospedale di Circolo, University of Varese, Varese, Italy
| | - Michele De Bonis
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, San Raffaele Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Trumello
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, San Raffaele Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Miceli
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, S. Ambrogio Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Mattia Glauber
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, S. Ambrogio Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Ranucci
- Cardiac Surgery and Intensive Care Units, S. Donato Hospital, IRCCS, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo De Vincentiis
- Cardiac Surgery and Intensive Care Units, S. Donato Hospital, IRCCS, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Gaudino
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roberto Lorusso
- Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Unit, Heart and Vascular Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Cardiac Surgery Unit, Community Hospital, Brescia, Italy
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15
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Liang X, Lv Y, Zhang Z, Yi H, Liu T, Li R, Yu Z, Zhang L. Study on intestinal survival and cholesterol metabolism of probiotics. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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16
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Pan Y, Zhang J, Wu TT, Hou XG, Yang Y, Ma X, Ma YT, Zheng YY, Xie X. Baseline white blood cell count-to-apolipoprotein A1 ratio as a novel predictor of long-term adverse outcomes in patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention: a retrospective cohort study. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:43. [PMID: 32178685 PMCID: PMC7075035 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01206-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies suggested that baseline white blood cell count and apolipoprotein A1 levels were associated with clinical outcomes in patients with coronary heart disease (CAD) who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, the ratio of baseline white blood cell count-to-apolipoprotein A1 level (WAR) and CAD after PCI have not been investigated. The present study investigated the effects of baseline WAR on long-term outcomes after PCI in patients with CAD. Methods A total of 6050 patients with CAD who underwent PCI were included in the study. Of these, 372 patients were excluded because no baseline white blood cell counts or apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) data was available or because of malignancies or other diseases. Finally, 5678 patients were enrolled in the present study and were divided into 3 groups according to WAR value: lower group - WAR< 5.25 (n = 1889); median group - 5.25 ≤ WAR≤7.15 (n = 1892); and higher group - WAR≥7.15 (n = 1897). The primary endpoint was long-term mortality, including all-cause mortality (ACM) and cardiac mortality (CM), after PCI. The average follow-up time was 35.9 ± 22.6 months. Results A total of 293 patients developed ACM, including 85 (4.5%) patients in the lower group, 90 (4.8%) patients in the median group, and 118 (6.2%) patients in the higher group. The risk of ACM, cardiac mortality (CM), major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs), and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) increased 62.6% (hazard risk [HR] =1.626, 95%CI: 1.214–2.179, P = 0.001), 45.5% (HR = 1.455, 95%CI: 1.051–2.014, P = 0.024), 21.2% (HR = 1.212, 95%CI: 1.011–1.454, P = 0.038), and 23.8% (HR = 1.238, 95%CI: 1.025–1.495, P = 0.027), respectively, as determined by multivariate Cox regression analyses comparing the patients in the higher group to patients in the lower group. Patients with a WAR≥4.635 had 92.3, 81.3, 58.1 and 58.2% increased risks of ACM, CM, MACCEs and MACEs, respectively, compared to the patients with WAR< 4.635. Every 1 unit increase in WAR was associated with 3.4, 3.2, 2.0 and 2.2% increased risks of ACM, CM, MACCEs and MACEs, respectively, at the 10-year follow-up. Conclusion The present study indicated that baseline WAR is a novel and an independent predictor of adverse long-term outcomes in CAD patients who underwent PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Pan
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting Wu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Geng Hou
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Ma
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Tong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Ying Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiang Xie
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Shatoor AS, Al Humayed S, Alkhateeb MA, Shatoor KA, Aldera H, Alassiri M, Shati AA. Crataegus Aronia protects and reverses vascular inflammation in a high fat diet rat model by an antioxidant mechanism and modulating serum levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2019; 57:38-48. [PMID: 30702358 PMCID: PMC6366417 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2018.1564930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Crataegus aronia (Willd.) Bosc (Rosaceae) (syn. Azarolus L) is traditionally used to treat cardiovascular disorders. OBJECTIVES To investigate C. aronia protection against a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced vascular inflammation in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar Male rats (180-220 g) were divided (n = 10/group) as control fed a standard diet (STD), STD + C. aronia (200 mg/kg, orally), HFD, HFD + C. aronia and HFD post-treated with C. aronia. Simvastatin (20 mg/kg) was co- or post-administered as a positive control drug. HFD was given for 8 weeks, and all other treatments were administered for 4 weeks. RESULTS Most significantly, co-administration of C. aronia to HFD-fed rats reduced the thickness of aorta tunica media (90 ± 5 vs. 160 ± 11.3 µm) and adventitia (54.3 ± 3.8 vs. 93.6 ± 9.4 µm). It also lowered protein levels of TNF-α (0.51 ± 0.15 and 0.15 ± 0.16 vs. 0.1 ± 0.09%) and IL-6 (0.52 ± 0.19 vs. 1.0 ± 0.2%) in their aorta or serum (5.9 ± 0.91 vs. 12.98 ± 1.3 ng/mL and 78.1 ± 6.7 vs. 439 ± 78 pg/mL, respectively). It also lowered all serum lipids and increased aorta levels of GSH levels (70.4 ± 4.0 vs. 40.7 µM) and activity of SOD (5.7 ± 0.7 vs. 2.9 ± 0.6 U/mg) and decreased serum levels of ox-LDL-c (566.7 ± 46 vs. 1817 ± 147 ng/mL). Such effects were more profound than all other treatments. CONCLUSIONS C. aronia inhibits the HFD-induced vascular inflammation and its use in clinical trials is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah S. Shatoor
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Section, College of Medicine, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, Saudi Arabia
- CONTACT Abdullah S. Shatoor Department of Medicine, Cardiology Section, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha64121, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman Al Humayed
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Section, College of Medicine, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A. Alkhateeb
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A. Shatoor
- An intern, College of Medicine, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Aldera
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alassiri
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A. Shati
- Department of Biology College of Science, College of Medicine, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Li JS, Fan LY, Yuan MD, Xing MY. Salidroside Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-ethanol-induced Activation of Proinflammatory Macrophages via Notch Signaling Pathway. Curr Med Sci 2019; 39:526-533. [PMID: 31346986 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-019-2069-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Activation of macrophages is a key event for the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. Notch signaling pathway recently has been found to be a critical pathway in the activation of proinflammatory macrophages. Salidroside (Sal), one of main bioactive components in Rhodiola crenulata (Hook. F. et Thoms) H. ohba, reportedly possesses anti-inflammatory activity and ameliorates inflammation in alcohol-induced hepatic injury. However, whether Sal regulates the activation of proinflammatory macrophages through Notch signaling pathway remains unknown. The present study investigated the effects of Sal on macrophage activation and its possible mechanisms by using both alcohol and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic the microenvironment of alcoholic liver. Detection of THP-1-derived macrophages exhibited that Sal could significantly decrease the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and IL-6 in the macrophages at both mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, Sal significantly suppressed NF-κB activation via Notch-Hes signaling pathway in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, in the microenvironment of alcoholic liver, the expression of Notch-dependent pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase 1 (PDP1) was elevated, and that of M1 gene expression [inducible NO synthase (NOS2)] was up-regulated. These changes could all be effectively ameliorated by Sal. The aforementioned findings demonstrated that Sal could inhibit LPS-ethanol-induced activation of proinflammatory macrophages via Notch signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Sha Li
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lu-Yao Fan
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Meng-Dan Yuan
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ming-You Xing
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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19
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Manshadi MKD, Saadat M, Mohammadi M, Shamsi M, Dejam M, Kamali R, Sanati-Nezhad A. Delivery of magnetic micro/nanoparticles and magnetic-based drug/cargo into arterial flow for targeted therapy. Drug Deliv 2019; 25:1963-1973. [PMID: 30799655 PMCID: PMC6292362 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1497106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic drug targeting (MDT) and magnetic-based drug/cargo delivery are emerging treatment methods which attracting the attention of many researchers for curing different cancers and artery diseases such as atherosclerosis. Herein, computational studies are accomplished by utilizing magnetic approaches for cancer and artery atherosclerosis drug delivery, including nanomagnetic drug delivery and magnetic-based drug/cargo delivery. For the first time, the four-layer structural model of the artery tissue and its porosity parameters are modeled in this study which enables the interaction of particles with the tissue walls in blood flow. The effects of parameters, including magnetic field strength (MFS), magnet size, particle size, the initial position of particles, and the relative magnetic permeability of particles, on the efficacy of MDT through the artery walls are characterized. The magnetic particle penetration into artery layers and fibrous cap (the covering layer over the inflamed part of the artery) is further simulated. The MDT in healthy and diseased arteries demonstrates that some of the particles stuck in these tissues due to the collision of particles or blood flow deviation in the vicinity of the inflamed part of the artery. Therefore the geometry of artery and porosity of its layers should be considered to show the real interaction of particles with the artery walls. Also, the results show that increasing the particles/drug/cargo size and MFS leads to more particles/drug/cargo retention within the tissue. The present work provides insights into the decisive factors in arterial MDT with an obvious impact on locoregional cancer treatment, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad K D Manshadi
- a Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta , Canada
| | - Mahsa Saadat
- b Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering , Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman , Kerman , Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohammadi
- a Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta , Canada.,c Department of Biological Science , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta , Canada.,d Center for Bioengineering Research and Education , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta , Canada
| | - Milad Shamsi
- c Department of Biological Science , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta , Canada.,d Center for Bioengineering Research and Education , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta , Canada
| | - Morteza Dejam
- e Department of Petroleum Engineering College of Engineering and Applied Science , University of Wyoming , Laramie , WY , USA
| | - Reza Kamali
- f Department of Mechanical Engineering , Shiraz University , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Amir Sanati-Nezhad
- c Department of Biological Science , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta , Canada.,d Center for Bioengineering Research and Education , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta , Canada
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20
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Liang S, Sun Y, Dai X. A Review of the Preparation, Analysis and Biological Functions of Chitooligosaccharide. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082197. [PMID: 30060500 PMCID: PMC6121578 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharide (COS), which is acknowledged for possessing multiple functions, is a kind of low-molecular-weight polymer prepared by degrading chitosan via enzymatic, chemical methods, etc. COS has comprehensive applications in various fields including food, agriculture, pharmacy, clinical therapy, and environmental industries. Besides having excellent properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, adsorptive abilities and non-toxicity like chitin and chitosan, COS has better solubility. In addition, COS has strong biological functions including anti-inflammatory, antitumor, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective effects, etc. The present paper has summarized the preparation methods, analytical techniques and biological functions to provide an overall understanding of the application of COS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yaxuan Sun
- Department of Food Sciences, College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China.
| | - Xueling Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100191, China.
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21
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Yu MH, Lin MC, Huang CN, Chan KC, Wang CJ. Acarbose inhibits the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells via targeting Ras signaling. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 103-105:8-15. [PMID: 29432898 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis involves the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The migration of VSMCs from the media into the intima and their subsequent proliferation are important processes in neointima formation in atherosclerosis and restenosis after percutaneous coronary interventions. Acarbose, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, has been demonstrated to not affect serum levels of glucose and decrease the progression of intima-media thickening in rabbits fed with a high cholesterol diet (HCD). We previously showed that increased Ras protein levels enhanced the migration of TNF-α treated A7r5 cells. The aim of this study was to determine the inhibitory effects of acarbose on Ras expression in A7r5 cells. Acarbose also inhibited the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Akt, activities of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) MMP-2 and MMP-9, and protein expressions of small G proteins (Ras, Cdc42, RhoA, and Rac1) in a dose-dependent manner. We also found that acarbose could effectively inhibit the proliferation and migration of RasG12V A7r5 cells by blocking small G proteins and phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling. These studies demonstrated that acarbose could theoretically decrease atherosclerosis by targeting Ras signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hsun Yu
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Cheng Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Chuan Chan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| | - Chau-Jong Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
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22
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Sun LF, An DQ, Niyazi GL, Ma WH, Xu ZW, Xie Y. Effects of Tianxiangdan Granule treatment on atherosclerosis via NF‑κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:1642-1650. [PMID: 29257205 PMCID: PMC5780105 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the effects of Tianxiangdan Granule on nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inflammatory signaling pathways, and explored the possible mechanism underlying the effects of Tianxiangdan Granule on prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. A total of 48 apolipoprotein E−/− mice (age, 8 weeks) were selected and divided into two groups: The normal control group (n=12) and the modeling group (n=36). In the modeling group, mice were fed a high-fat diet and were maintained in an artificial climate box, in order to stimulate the climate and eating habit characteristics of Xinjiang. Every morning, ApoE−/− mice in the modeling group were placed in the artificial climate box at 10:00 am and were taken out at 09:00 pm and placed back in the room temperature environment. The temperature of the artificial climate box was set at 6±2°C, relative humidity was controlled at 25–32.8% and the light-dark cycle was 12 h/day. The purpose of this method was to establish the Huizhuo Tanzu type atherosclerosis model. Following successful generation of the model, mice in the modeling group were randomly divided into three groups: Model group (n=10), Tianxiangdan group (n=10) and atorvastatin group (n=10). After 12 weeks, mice were sacrificed and the serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in each group were detected. Furthermore, the expression levels of NF-κB p65 and p38 MAPK in aortic tissue were detected. The results indicated that the concentrations of IL-1β and TNF-α were significantly higher in mice in the model group compared with in the normal control group (P<0.01), whereas the concentrations of IL-1β and TNF-α were lower in the Tianxiangdan and atorvastatin groups compared with in the model group (P<0.01). Furthermore, the protein expression levels of phosphorylated (p)-NF-κB p65 and p-p38 MAPK protein were higher in aortic tissues from the model group compared with in the normal control group (P<0.01), p-NF-κB p65 and p-p38 MAPK protein expression was reduced in the atorvastatin and Tianxiangdan groups compared with in the model group. The present study indicated that the mechanism underlying the effects of Tianxiangdan Granule on the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis may be as follows: Tianxiangdan Granule may decrease the expression of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α, and suppress activation of the NF-κB p65 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Fei Sun
- Coronary Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Qing An
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinnjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Gu-Lijiamali Niyazi
- Rehabilitation Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Hui Ma
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinnjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Zheng-Wei Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinnjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Yang Xie
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinnjiang 830011, P.R. China
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23
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Krizshanovsky SP, Kuznetsova TA, Geltser BI, Zaporozhets TS, Ermakova SP, Besednova NN. FUCOIDAN FROM BROWN ALGAE FUCUS EVANESCENS: NEW PERSPECTIVES IN THE TREATMENT OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.17650/1726-9784-2017-16-1-82-87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective. The purpose of the research is the experimental study of the possibility of correction of disorders of lipid metabolism, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection (POL-AOP), liver structure on the model of alimentary hyperlipidemia in mice. Materials and methods. Fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide with a molecular weight of 160 kDa, derived from brown algae Fucus evanescens. The alimentary hyperlipidemia model was reproduced in mice. The biochemical parameters of lipid metabolism, state of POL-AOP system and the liver structure by MRT were studied. Results. We revealed the ability of fucoidan at per os administration to animals to normalize the key parameters of lipid metabolism, indicators of POL-AOP system, liver anatomic-topographic structure. Conclusion. The ability of fucoidan to correct these parameters allows us to consider it as a basis for the development of new biological medicines for the treatment of atherosclerotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - T. A. Kuznetsova
- G.P. Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology; Far Eastern Federal University, School of Biomedicine
| | - B. I. Geltser
- Far Eastern Federal University, School of Biomedicine
| | - T. S. Zaporozhets
- Medical Association of Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Science; G.P. Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
| | | | - N. N. Besednova
- G.P. Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
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Su Y, Xu C, Li K, Wang B, Chen J, Liu L, Lin L, Dong Q, Du L. TGF-β1 and TIMP1 double directional rAAV targeted by UTMD in atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:1465-1469. [PMID: 28413493 PMCID: PMC5377323 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we determined whether ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) combined with dual targeting of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP) 1 recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) can stabilize atherosclerotic vulnerable plaques. First, we used rabbit model to detect the TGF-β1/TIMP1 virus therapy result. H&E staining was used to evaluate the tissues. The protein levels of TGF-β1 and TIMP1 were detected in rabbit models. The THP-1 cells were induced into macrophages, and transfected with TGF-β1 and TIMP1 rAAV under optimized UTMD. The expression of TGF-β1 and TIMP1 was measured by RT-PCR and western blotting. We found that the apoptotic rates were induced when compared to the control group. The rAAV virus group showed a significant decrease in the p-ERT and p-AKT expression. These data support the hypothesis that TGF-β1 and TIMP1 are crucial in the regulation of atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijin Su
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Changsong Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Kunyu Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Jufang Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Long Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Lizhou Lin
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Qingqing Dong
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Lianfang Du
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
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Tsai SC, Tsai MH, Chiu CF, Lu CC, Kuo SC, Chang NW, Yang JS. AMPK-dependent signaling modulates the suppression of invasion and migration by fenofibrate in CAL 27 oral cancer cells through NF-κB pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:866-876. [PMID: 25545733 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Fenofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) agonist and lipid-lowering agent, has been used worldwide for treatment of hyperlipidemia. The clinical trials demonstrate that fenofibrate possesses multiple pharmacological activities, including antitumor effects. However, the precise mechanisms in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the anticancer effects of fenofibrate on the migration and invasion of human oral cancer CAL 27 cells. Fenofibrate inhibited the cell migration and invasion of CAL 27 cells by the wound healing and Boyden chamber transwell assays, respectively. In addition, fenofibrate reduced the protein expressions of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-7, and MMP-9 by Western blotting and inhibited enzyme activities of MMP-2/-9 using gelatin zymography assay. Results from immunoblotting analysis showed that the proteins of p-LKB1 (Ser428), LKB1, p-AMPKα (Thr172), p-AMPKα1/α2 (Ser425/Ser491), p-AMPKβ1 (Ser108), and AMPKγ1 were upregulated by fenofibrate; the levels of p-IKKα/β (Ser176) and p-IκBα were reduced in fenofibrate-treated cells. Also, fenofibrate suppressed the expressions of nuclear NF-κB p65 and p50 by immunoblotting and NF-κB DNA binding activity by EMSA assay. The anti-invasive effect of fenofibrate was attenuated by compound C [an adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor] or dominant negative form of AMPK (DN-AMPKα1). Thus, fenofibrate considerably inhibited metastatic behaviors of CAL 27 cells might be mediated through blocking NF-κB signaling, resulting in the inhibition of MMPs; these effects were AMPK-dependent rather than PPARα signaling. Our findings provide a molecular rationale, whereby fenofibrate exerts anticancer effects and additional beneficial effects for the treatment of cancer patients. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 866-876, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chang Tsai
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsui Tsai
- Department of Otolaryngology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Fang Chiu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Cheng Lu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chu Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Wen Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Jai-Sing Yang
- Bracco Pharmaceutical Corp. Ltd., Taipei, 104, Taiwan
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Marcone S, Belton O, Fitzgerald DJ. Milk-derived bioactive peptides and their health promoting effects: a potential role in atherosclerosis. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 83:152-162. [PMID: 27151091 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive peptides derived from milk proteins are food components that, in addition to their nutritional value, retain many biological properties and have therapeutic effects in several health disorders, including cardiovascular disease. Amongst these, atherosclerosis is the underlying cause of heart attack and strokes. It is a progressive dyslipidaemic and inflammatory disease where accumulation of oxidized lipids and inflammatory cells leads to the formation of an atherosclerotic plaque in the vessel wall. Milk-derived bioactive peptides can be released during gastrointestinal digestion, food processing or by enzymatic and bacterial fermentation and are considered to promote diverse beneficial effects such as lipid lowering, antihypertensive, immnomodulating, anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic effects. In this review, an overview of the diverse biological effects of these compounds is given, particularly focusing on their beneficial properties on cardiovascular disease and proposing novel mechanisms of action responsible for their bioactivity. Attempts to prevent cardiovascular diseases target modifications of several risk factors such as high blood pressure, obesity, high blood concentrations of lipids or insulin resistance. Milk-derived bioactive peptides are a source of health-enhancing components and the potential health benefit of these compounds has a growing commercial potential. Consequently, they have been incorporated as ingredients in functional foods, as dietary supplements and as pharmaceuticals to promote health and reduce risk of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Marcone
- School of Medicine and Medical Science.,Food for Health Ieland, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Orina Belton
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin
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Roles and Mechanisms of Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome and Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia in Atherosclerosis: Evidence and Prospective. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:8215082. [PMID: 27293515 PMCID: PMC4884866 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8215082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The morbidity and mortality of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) are regarded as consequences of its adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) induced by OSAHS can result in vascular endothelial injury, thus promoting development of atherosclerosis (AS). Studies have shown that CIH is an independent risk factor for the occurrence and development of AS, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we review clinical and fundamental studies reported during the last 10 years on the occurrence and development of AS mediated by CIH, focusing on inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, cell apoptosis, vascular endothelial injury, platelet activation, and neuroendocrine disorders. This review will offer current evidence and perspective to researchers for the development of effective intervention strategies for OSAHS-related cardiocerebrovascular diseases.
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Gavrilenko TI, Ryzhkova NO, Parkhomenko OM. [DEPENDENCE OF LEVEL OF MYELOPEROXIDASE OF PLASMA OF BLOOD ON FUNCTIONAL STATE OF NEUTROPHILS AT ACUTE INFARCT OF MYOCARDIUM.]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 62:60-65. [PMID: 29975476 DOI: 10.15407/fz62.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to define dependence of maintenance of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in plasma of blood of patients by the acute infarct of myocardium from the state of oxygen metabolism of neutrophils, which was estimated on activity of myeloperoxidases, superoxid-anion and catalase in cells and on maintenance by peroxigens. 19 is inspected practically healthy volunteers and 56 patients with the the acute infarct of myocardium. The got results testify that maintenance of MPO in plasma of blood of patients with acute infarct of myocardium depends on the functional state of neutrophils, which, in its turn, is related to the clinical features of patients. Low maintenance is associated exceptionally with low activity of MPO of neutrophils, and also other oxygen radicals. High maintenance of MPO in plasma accompanied low or high activity of MPO of neutrophils and is pathognomonic for patients with the acute infarct of myocardium.
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Kim HJ. Role of Nucleotide-binding and Oligomerization Domain 2 Protein (NOD2) in the Development of Atherosclerosis. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 19:479-84. [PMID: 26557013 PMCID: PMC4637349 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2015.19.6.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
NOD2 (nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain 2) was initially reported as a susceptibility gene for Crohn's disease, with several studies focused on elucidating its molecular mechanism in the progression of Crohn's disease. We now know that NOD2 is an intracellular bacterial sensing receptor, and that MDP-mediated NOD2 activation drives inflammatory signaling. Various mutations in NOD2 have been reported, with NOD2 loss of function being associated with the development of Crohn's disease and other autoimmune diseases. These results suggest that NOD2 not only has an immune stimulatory function, but also an immune regulatory function. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall; its pathologic progression is highly dependent on the immune balance. This immune balance is regulated by infiltrating monocytes and macrophages, both of which express NOD2. These findings indicate a potential role of NOD2 in atherosclerosis. The purpose of this review is to outline the known roles of NOD2 signaling in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Jeong Kim
- Department of Physiology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Tumor Heterogeneity and Network (THEN) Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
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Zakkar M, Ascione R, James AF, Angelini GD, Suleiman MS. Inflammation, oxidative stress and postoperative atrial fibrillation in cardiac surgery. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 154:13-20. [PMID: 26116810 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a common complication of cardiac surgery that occurs in up to 60% of patients. POAF is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular mortality, stroke and other arrhythmias that can impact on early and long term clinical outcomes and health economics. Many factors such as disease-induced cardiac remodelling, operative trauma, changes in atrial pressure and chemical stimulation and reflex sympathetic/parasympathetic activation have been implicated in the development of POAF. There is mounting evidence to support a major role for inflammation and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of POAF. Both are consequences of using cardiopulmonary bypass and reperfusion following ischaemic cardioplegic arrest. Subsequently, several anti-inflammatory and antioxidant drugs have been tested in an attempt to reduce the incidence of POAF. However, prevention remains suboptimal and thus far none of the tested drugs has provided sufficient efficacy to be widely introduced in clinical practice. A better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for the onset and persistence of POAF is needed to develop more effective prediction and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zakkar
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - R Ascione
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - A F James
- School of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Medical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - G D Angelini
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - M S Suleiman
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK.
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Marcone S, Haughton K, Simpson PJ, Belton O, Fitzgerald DJ. Milk-derived bioactive peptides inhibit human endothelial-monocyte interactions via PPAR-γ dependent regulation of NF-κB. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2015; 12:1. [PMID: 25632270 PMCID: PMC4308943 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-014-0044-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Milk-derived bioactive peptides retain many biological properties and have therapeutic effects in cardiovascular disorders such as atherosclerosis. Under inflammatory conditions the expression of endothelial cells adhesion molecules is induced, increasing monocyte adhesion to human vessel wall, a critical step in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In the present work we explored the effects of milk-derived bioactive peptides on the expression of the inflammatory phenotype of human endothelial cells and their effects on monocyte adherence to endothelial cells. Results Treatment of endothelial cells with milk-derived hydrolysate inhibited their production of inflammatory proteins MCP-1 and IL-8 and expression of VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and E-selectin. Milk derived hydrolysate also attenuated the adhesion of human monocytes to activated endothelial cells. The effect was similar to that obtained in endothelial cells treated with troglitazone, a ligand of peroxisome proliferators-activator receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ). PPAR-γ is a transcription factor which when activated antagonises the pro-inflammatory capability of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). We further examined whether the effects of milk-derived hydrolysates on endothelial cells may be mediated through NF-κB activation via a PPAR-γ dependent mechanism. The specific PPAR-γ inhibitor, GW9662 blocked the effects of the hydrolysate on the NF-κB-mediated chemokines and adhesion molecules expression in endothelial cells. Conclusions These results suggest that milk-derived bioactive peptides work as anti-atherogenic agents through the inhibition of endothelial-dependent adhesive interactions with monocytes by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway through a PPAR-γ dependent mechanism. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12950-014-0044-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Marcone
- FHI, Food for Health Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland ; School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4 Ireland
| | - Karen Haughton
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul J Simpson
- Teagasc, Biotechnology Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork Ireland
| | - Orina Belton
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Desmond J Fitzgerald
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4 Ireland
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Zhu J, Zhang Y, Wu G, Xiao Z, Zhou H, Yu X. Inhibitory effects of oligochitosan on TNF-α, IL-1β and nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:729-33. [PMID: 25323008 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligochitosan has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory properties; however, the mechanism of the antiinflammatory effects of oligochitosan remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and the production of nitric oxide (NO), in the nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 murine macrophages. The results of the present study demonstrated that different concentrations of oligochitosan could significantly lower the levels of NO, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β, released from LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. This was shown to be mediated through inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB pathway. These results demonstrate that oligochitosan may efficiently inhibit inflammation and has the potential to be an effective anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Guoyou Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Huanqin Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomei Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
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Wooten JS, Nambi P, Gillard BK, Pownall HJ, Coraza I, Scott LW, Nambi V, Ballantyne CM, Balasubramanyam A. Intensive lifestyle modification reduces Lp-PLA2 in dyslipidemic HIV/HAART patients. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014; 45:1043-50. [PMID: 23299761 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3182843961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with dyslipidemia associated with HIV-1 infection and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) have elevated levels of Lp-PLA2 and CCL5/regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), which may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. PURPOSE This study aimed to determine whether an intensive diet and exercise (D/E) program, independently or combined with fenofibrate or niacin, could reduce Lp-PLA2 or RANTES. METHODS Patients with hypertriglyceridemic HIV on stable HAART (n = 107) were randomized to one of five interventions: 1) usual care, 2) D/E with placebos, 3) D/E with fenofibrate and placebo, 4) D/E with niacin and placebo, or 5) D/E with fenofibrate and niacin for 24 wk. Lp-PLA2 and RANTES concentrations were measured in fasting plasma samples at baseline and postintervention. General linear models were used to compare Lp-PLA2 and RANTES levels between the five groups postintervention, controlling for baseline levels, age, body mass index, CD4 T-cell count, viral load, duration of infection, and HAART. RESULTS At baseline, fasting plasma Lp-PLA2 (388.5 ± 127.5 ng·mL) and RANTES (43.8 ± 25.5 ng·mL) levels were elevated when compared with healthy controls. Posttreatment Lp-PLA2 mass was lower in patients who received D/E only (323.0 ± 27.2 ng·mL), D/E plus fenofibrate (327.2 ± 25.9 ng·mL), and D/E plus niacin (311.1 ± 27.8 ng·mL) when compared with patients receiving usual care (402.2 ± 25.3 ng·mL). RANTES concentrations were not significantly affected by any intervention. CONCLUSIONS Elevated plasma Lp-PLA2 mass can be reduced by an intensive D/E program in patients with HIV/HAART-associated dyslipidemia. RANTES is elevated but is not reduced by lifestyle modification, fenofibrate, or niacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S Wooten
- Division of Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the association between pathological myopia (PM) and immunological/inflammatory markers and to identify the possible risk factors for the formation of myopic choroidal neovascularization (mCNV). METHODS One hundred fourteen unrelated subjects were recruited: 63 PM patients (PM group) with spherical equivalent of at least -8.00 diopters (range, -8.00 to -25.00) and axial length exceeding 26.5 mm, accompanied by characteristic pathologic changes, and 51 emmetropic age- and sex-matched individuals (control group) with spherical equivalent within ±1.0 diopter in both eyes. In the PM group, patients were assigned to two subgroups, mCNV group and no CNV group, according to the results of fluorescein angiography. Serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and complement profile (C3, C4, and CH50) were assayed. Statistical analysis was performed between the two groups. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relative risk factors that were associated with the development of mCNV in the PM group patients. RESULTS The range of axial length was 26.50 to 37.08 mm in the PM group and 22.32 to 24.56 mm in the control group. There were 24 patients in the mCNV group and 39 patients in the no CNV group. The PM group patients had significantly higher serum hs-CRP (p = 0.033), C3 (p = 0.004), and CH50 (p < 0.001) compared with the control group patients. There were no significant differences between the two groups for C4 level (p = 0.071). Binary logistic regression analysis, which included hs-CRP, C3, C4, CH50, age, and sex as covariates, showed that C3 (p = 0.03) and age (p = 0.01) were risk factors for mCNV, whereas serum hs-CRP, C4, CH50, and sex were not statistically significant predictors of mCNV in the PM group patients (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our data support the hypothesis that immunological/inflammatory markers, namely hs-CRP, C3, and CH50 may play an important role in the development of PM, and that C3 level may be a predictive risk factor for mCNV formation.
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Pivotal role of NOD2 in inflammatory processes affecting atherosclerosis and periodontal bone loss. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:E5059-68. [PMID: 24324141 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1320862110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to elucidate the role of nucleotide binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) signaling in atherosclerosis and periodontal bone loss using an Apolipoprotein E(-/-) (ApoE(-/-)) mouse model based on the proposed role of NOD2 in inflammation. NOD2(-/-)ApoE(-/-) and ApoE(-/-) mice fed a standard chow diet were given an oral gavage of Porphyromonas gingivalis for 15 wk. NOD2(-/-)ApoE(-/-) mice exhibited significant increases in inflammatory cytokines, alveolar bone loss, cholesterol, and atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta and the heart compared with ApoE(-/-) mice. In contrast, ApoE(-/-) mice injected i.p. with Muramyl DiPeptide (MDP) to stimulate NOD2 and given an oral gavage of P. gingivalis displayed a reduction of serum inflammatory cytokines, alveolar bone loss, cholesterol, and atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta and aortic sinus compared with ApoE(-/-) mice orally challenged but injected with saline. A reduction in body weight gain was observed in ApoE(-/-) mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and injected with MDP compared with ApoE(-/-) mice fed a high-fat diet but injected with saline. MDP treatment of bone marrow-derived macrophages incubated with P. gingivalis increased mRNA expressions of NOD2, Toll-like receptor 2, myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88, and receptor-interacting protein-2 but reduced the expressions of inhibitor of NF-κB kinase-β, NF-κB, c-Jun N-terminal kinase 3, and TNF-α protein levels compared with saline control, highlighting pathways involved in MDP antiinflammatory effects. MDP activation of NOD2 should be considered in the treatment of inflammatory processes affecting atherosclerosis, periodontal bone loss ,and possibly, diet-induced weight gain.
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Jókai H, Szakonyi J, Kontár O, Marschalkó M, Szalai K, Kárpáti S, Holló P. Impact of effective tumor necrosis factor-alfa inhibitor treatment on arterial intima-media thickness in psoriasis: results of a pilot study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013; 69:523-9. [PMID: 23891393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2013.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is associated with higher incidence of atherosclerotic comorbidities. Sustained arterial wall inflammation mediated by common cytokines of psoriasis and atherogenesis precedes atherosclerotic plaque development. Increased intima-media thickness (IMT) is an accepted indicator of subclinical atherosclerosis and has been reported in severe psoriasis. OBJECTIVE This pilot study aimed to clarify whether effective long-term tumor necrosis factor-alfa inhibition decreases IMT in psoriasis. METHODS In 16 patients with severe psoriasis, the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score was calculated before therapy (etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab) and after 6-month treatment. Simultaneously, carotid and brachial IMT was measured by high-resolution, B-mode ultrasonography. Difference between initial and 6-month IMT values was determined for monitored arteries collectively and separately in carotid and brachial arteries. RESULTS All of 16 patients achieved Psoriasis Area and Severity Index 75, and 14 of 16 achieved Psoriasis Area and Severity Index 90 improvement. In the group of patients without initial calcified atherosclerotic plaques (13 of 16) significant IMT decrease was detected when arteries were measured collectively (P = .0002). Initial and follow-up data differed significantly also at individual analysis of carotid (P = .011) and brachial (P = .006) arteries. Eleven of 13 patients had initial carotid IMT exceeding age-adjusted normal values. The other group (3 of 16) with initial manifest plaques showed increasing IMT tendency. Their baseline ultrasonography revealed carotid IMT above the upper limit of healthy adults' age-adjusted values. LIMITATIONS Study limitation involves small patient numbers, self-controlled study design, and lack of patients' stratification according to common cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSION In our pilot study effective tumor necrosis factor-alfa inhibition was found to decrease IMT in psoriatic patients without irreversible atherosclerotic plaques. Further analysis is recommended to confirm and complete our primary observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajnalka Jókai
- Department of Dermatovenerology and Oncodermatology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Prognostic value of inflammatory mediators in 1-year outcome of acute ischemic stroke with middle cerebral artery stenosis. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:850714. [PMID: 24023414 PMCID: PMC3760102 DOI: 10.1155/2013/850714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose. Inflammation exists in inception, progression, and reperfusion of acute ischemic stroke. Insightful understanding of correlation in inflammatory mediators and stroke severity with intracranial artery stenosis may improve rational stroke therapy. Methods. We prospectively recruited 977 patients with acute noncardioembolic ischemic stroke with MCA stenosis by MRA as none to mild (<50%), moderate (50–69%), severe (70–99%), or occlusive (100%). The peripheral levels of WBC, homocysteine (HCY), and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were recorded. All patients were assessed of 1-year outcome by mRS as favorable (0–2) or poor (3–6). Results. The levels of WBC, HCY, and hs-CRP had no significant differences in patients with categorized MCA stenosis (all P > 0.05). Higher levels of WBC, HCY, and hs-CRP were found in patients with 1-year poor outcome (all P < 0.05), but only hs-CRP is an independent predictor (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.027–1.093, P = 0.0003). The combination of any two of increased hs-CRP (>3 mg/L), WBC (>6.91 × 109/L), and HCY (>15 μmol/L) had higher power in predicting 1-year poor outcome than the single elevated mediator. Conclusions. Elevated hs-CRP independently predicts 1-year poor outcome in acute stroke. The combination of increased hs-CRP, WBC, or HCY had a stronger predictive value in poor outcome than individual elevated mediator.
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Lin Y, Zhen Y, Liu J, Wei J, Tu P, Hu G. Rhein lysinate inhibits monocyte adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells by blocking p38 signaling pathway. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 36:1410-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0156-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Th17 cells and IL-17 are involved in the disruption of vulnerable plaques triggered by short-term combination stimulation in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice. Cell Mol Immunol 2013; 10:338-48. [PMID: 23542316 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2013.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable evidence indicates that type 1 T helper (Th1)- and Th17-mediated immune responses promote the formation of atherosclerotic plaques while that CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) have a protective effect. However, the functions of diverse CD4(+) lymphocyte subsets in plaque rupture remain poorly understood because of a shortage of satisfactory plaque rupture models. Here, we established a murine model of atherosclerotic plaque rupture using a high-fat diet and collar placement on the carotid artery, and triggered plaque rupture by short-term stimulation with a combination of lipopolysaccharide, phenylephrine injection and cold in apolipoprotein E-knockout (ApoE(-/-)) mice. We investigated the associations between Th1 cells, Th17 cells and Tregs and plaque rupture by PCR, flow cytometry, ELISA and immunohistochemistry. In total, 75% (18/24) of vulnerable plaques, but no stable plaques, showed rupture characteristics. The proportion of Th17 cells was increased among splenocytes after treatment, but the changes in the levels of Th1 cells and Tregs were not related to rupture. Furthermore, the treatment resulted in high levels of interleukin-17 (IL-17) in the serum and in the region of plaque rupture. In vitro, IL-17 increased the level of apoptosis, a major factor associated with plaque rupture, in cultured murine vascular smooth muscle cells. Th17 cells and IL-17 may be involved in the disruption of vulnerable plaques triggered by short-term stimulation with lipopolysaccharide, phenylephrine injection and cold in ApoE(-/-)mice.
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Zhao X, Du JQ, Xu DY, Zhao SP. Effects of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor on the expression of fatty acid synthase in peripheral blood mononuclear cell in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Lipids Health Dis 2013; 12:3. [PMID: 23305094 PMCID: PMC3554480 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-12-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Researches have shown that soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors (sEHi) can protect against the development of atherosclerosis. Simultaneously, emerging evidences have implicated the association between fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We tested the hypothesis that sEHi could reduce the occurrence of ACS by regulating FAS. Methods Hospitalized ACS patients were selected as the ACS group (n = 65) while healthy normal subjects as the control group (n = 65). The blood levels of lipoproteins, fasting glucose, myocardial enzyme and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured within 24 hours after admission. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and cultured. Trans-4-[4-(3-Adamantan-1-ylureido)cyclohexyloxy] benzoic acid (t-AUCB), a kind of sEHi, was then added to cells in various concentrations (0, 10, 50, 100 μmol/L). The expression of FAS, interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA and protein was detected by real-time PCR or Western blot, respectively. Results (1) Compared with the control group, the serum concentration of hs-CRP in the ACS group was increased (P<0.05). The expression of FAS, IL-6 mRNA and protein were significantly increased in PBMCs from the ACS group (all P<0.05). Moreover, the levels of FAS and IL-6 mRNA were positively correlated with the serum concentration of hs-CRP (r = 0.685, P<0.01; r = 0.715, P<0.01) respectively. (2) The expression of FAS, IL-6 mRNA and protein in PBMCs from the ACS group were dose-dependently inhibited by sEHi (all P<0.05). Conclusions sEH inhibition regulated FAS and inhibited inflammation in cultured PBMCs from ACS patients, a mechanism that might prevent rupture of atherosclerotic lesions and protect against development of ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology & Internal Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Ren min Road, Changsha, 410011, PR China
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Ma K, Lv S, Liu B, Liu Z, Luo Y, Kong W, Xu Q, Feng J, Wang X. CTLA4-IgG ameliorates homocysteine-accelerated atherosclerosis by inhibiting T-cell overactivation in apoE(-/-) mice. Cardiovasc Res 2012; 97:349-59. [PMID: 23118130 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) exerts inhibitory effects on T-cell activation by competition with CD28. In this study, we investigated the effect of CTLA4-IgG on homocysteine (Hcy)-induced T-cell activation and potential signal pathways involved in atherosclerotic formation. METHODS AND RESULTS The CD28 signal was significantly amplified by Hcy treatment in splenic T cells and hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHcy)-accelerated plaques in apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) mice. As a major competitor of CD28, CTLA4-IgG (abatacept) pretreatment, 100 μg/week, in apoE(-/-) mice could reverse 2- and 4-week HHcy-accelerated atherosclerosis. Furthermore, the membrane level of CTLA4 was decreased and the endocytosis level was increased by HHcy. Endocytosed CTLA4 molecules by Hcy were in large vesicles, colocalized with lysosomes and endosomes. Hcy-increased CTLA4 endocytosis and secretion of inflammatory cytokines in T cells were blocked by CTLA4-IgG and the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Blocking the CD28 signal pathway in T cells significantly decreased Hcy-promoted macrophage migration. CONCLUSION These results illustrate a novel mechanism of CD28-dependent T-cell costimulation involved in HHcy-accelerated atherosclerosis, which extends the pharmacological application of CTLA4-IgG for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kongyang Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
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Astaxanthin treatment reduced oxidative induced pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion in U937: SHP-1 as a novel biological target. Mar Drugs 2012; 10:890-899. [PMID: 22690149 PMCID: PMC3366681 DOI: 10.3390/md10040890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that oxidative stress activates various intracellular signaling pathways leading to secretion of a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. SHP-1 is a protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) which acts as a negative regulator of immune cytokine signaling. However, intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), generated endogenously upon stimulation and exogenously from environmental oxidants, has been known to be involved in the process of intracellular signaling through inhibiting various PTPs, including SHP-1. In this study, we investigated the potential role of astaxanthin, an antioxidant marine carotenoid, in re-establishing SHP-1 negative regulation on pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion in U-937 cell line stimulated with oxidative stimulus. ELISA measurement suggested that ASTA treatment (10 µM) reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) induced through H2O2, (100 µM). Furthermore, this property is elicited by restoration of basal SHP-1 protein expression level and reduced NF-κB (p65) nuclear expression, as showed by western blotting experiments.
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Inhibitory effect of Astragalus polysaccharides on lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-a and IL-1β production in THP-1 cells. Molecules 2012; 17:3155-64. [PMID: 22410422 PMCID: PMC6268450 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17033155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Astragalus polysaccharides (APS), one of main bioactive components in Astragalus membranaceus Bunge, has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory activities, but the molecular mechanisms behind this activity are largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate expression of inflammatory cytokines and the MAPK/NF-κB pathway in human THP-1 macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The results showed that the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β released from LPS stimulated THP-1 cells increased significantly compared to control (p < 0.01). After treatment with APS, the TNF-α and IL-1β levels were significantly lower than those in the LPS group (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-1β were also inhibited. Mechanistic studies indicated that APS strongly suppressed NF-κB activation and down-regulated the phosphorylation of ERK and JNK, which are important signaling pathways involved in the production of TNF-α and IL-1β, demonstrating that APS could suppress the production of TNF-α and IL-1β by LPS stimulated macrophages by inhibiting NF-κB activation and ERK and JNK phosphorylation.
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