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Chettab K, Fitzsimmons C, Novikov A, Denis M, Phelip C, Mathé D, Choffour PA, Beaumel S, Fourmaux E, Norca P, Kryza D, Evesque A, Jordheim LP, Perrial E, Matera EL, Caroff M, Kerzerho J, Dumontet C. A systemically administered detoxified TLR4 agonist displays potent antitumor activity and an acceptable tolerance profile in preclinical models. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1066402. [PMID: 37223101 PMCID: PMC10200957 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1066402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are potent innate immunostimulants targeting the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), an attractive and validated target for immunostimulation in cancer therapy. Although LPS possess anti-tumor activity, toxicity issues prevent their systemic administration at effective doses in humans. We first demonstrated that LPS formulated in liposomes preserved a potent antitumor activity per se upon systemic administration in syngeneic models, and significantly enhance the antitumor activity of the anti-CD20 antibody rituximab in mice xenografted with the human RL lymphoma model. Liposomal encapsulation also allowed a 2-fold reduction in the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines by LPS. Mice receiving an intravenous administration demonstrated a significant increase of neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages at the tumor site as well as an increase of macrophages in spleen. Further, we chemically detoxified LPS to obtain MP-LPS that was associated with a 200-fold decrease in the induction of proinflammatory cytokines. When encapsulated in a clinically approved liposomal formulation, toxicity, notably pyrogenicity (10-fold), was limited while the antitumor activity and immunoadjuvant effect were maintained. This improved tolerance profile of liposomal MP-LPS was associated with the preferential activation of the TLR4-TRIF pathway. Finally, in vitro studies demonstrated that stimulation with encapsulated MP-LPS reversed the polarization of M2 macrophages towards an M1 phenotype, and a phase 1 trial in healthy dogs validated its tolerance upon systemic administration up to very high doses (10µg/kg). Altogether, our results demonstrate the strong therapeutic potential of MPLPS formulated in liposomes as a systemically active anticancer agent, supporting its evaluation in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamel Chettab
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Chantel Fitzsimmons
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Alexey Novikov
- HEPHAISTOS-Pharma, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Morgane Denis
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Antinéo, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | - Sabine Beaumel
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Eric Fourmaux
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Patrick Norca
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Lars Petter Jordheim
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Emeline Perrial
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Eva-Laure Matera
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Martine Caroff
- HEPHAISTOS-Pharma, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | | | - Charles Dumontet
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
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Koshman YE, Lai-Zhang J, Wilsey AS, Bird BM, Sadilek S, Weisbecker DA, Ebert PA, Polakowski JS, Mittelstadt SW, Foley CM, LeRoy BE. Automated blood sampling in canine telemetry model: Enhanced assessment of immune liabilities. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2021; 112:107115. [PMID: 34403748 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2021.107115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This manuscript presents a successful integration of multi-timepoint biomarker blood sampling (e.g., cytokines) in a conscious dog cardiovascular study using automated blood sampling via vascular access ports in telemetry instrumented dogs. In addition to determining plasma exposure of the test compound, the assessment of biomarkers of interest allows for more comprehensive preclinical evaluation on a traditional conscious dog cardiovascular (CV) telemetry study especially for immunology and immune-oncology molecules. This model system provides a rapid and efficient means to quickly gain understanding of potential effects on key cardiovascular parameters in large species that are commonly used for preclinical safety evaluations while collecting multiple blood samples for drug and cytokine analysis. METHODS Male beagle dogs were chronically implanted with telemetry devices (PhysioTel™ model D70-PCTP) and vascular access ports (SPMID-GRIDAC-5NC). BASi Culex-L automated blood sampling (ABS) (Bioanalytical Systems, Inc) system was used to collect blood samples at multiple time points for cytokine analysis. Four beagles received low-dose lipopolysaccharide solution (LPS) (0.1 and 0.5 μg/mL). The following cytokines were measured by Milliplex® map Canine Cytokine Magnetic Bead Panel: Interleukin (IL) 2, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-15, IL-18, TNF-α, MCP-1, KC-like, GM-CSF, IFN gamma, and IP10. RESULTS Low dose LPS administration induced a pronounced dose-dependent, transient release of key inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, MCP-1, and KC-like). Cytokine responses were similar to other canine and human endotoxin models. LPS administration led to an increase in body temperature, heart rate, and mean arterial pressure, as well as a decrease in QTcV interval. CONCLUSION Successful incorporation of cytokine analysis in telemetry instrumented dogs with vascular access ports allows for translational PK/PD modeling of both efficacy and safety of compounds in the immunology as well as the immune-oncology therapeutic areas designed to modulate the immune system. Remote collection of blood samples simultaneously with CV endpoints is a significant enhancement for assessment of biomarkers that are sensitive to animal handling and excitement associated with room disturbances which are obligatory with manual blood collection. Furthermore, implementing this approach has also refined our animal welfare procedure by reducing the handling during a study and thereby reducing stress (positive refinement 3R impact).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevgeniya E Koshman
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States of America.
| | - Jie Lai-Zhang
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States of America
| | - Amanda S Wilsey
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States of America
| | - Brandan M Bird
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States of America
| | - Sabine Sadilek
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States of America
| | - Debra A Weisbecker
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States of America
| | - Paige A Ebert
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States of America
| | - James S Polakowski
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States of America
| | - Scott W Mittelstadt
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States of America
| | - C Michael Foley
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States of America
| | - Bruce E LeRoy
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States of America
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Methylprednisolone Induces Extracellular Trap Formation and Enhances Bactericidal Effect of Canine Neutrophils. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147734. [PMID: 34299355 PMCID: PMC8304006 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylprednisolone is a glucocorticoid and can negatively influence immune defense mechanisms. During bacterial infections in the dog, neutrophils infiltrate infected tissue and mediate antimicrobial effects with different mechanisms such as phagocytosis and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. Here, we investigated the influence of methylprednisolone on canine NET formation and neutrophil killing efficiency of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Therefore, canine blood derived neutrophils were treated with different concentrations of methylprednisolone over time. The survival factor of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Streptococcus canis or Escherichia coli was determined in presence of stimulated neutrophils. Additionally, free DNA and nucleosomes as NET marker were analyzed in supernatants and neutrophils were assessed for NET formation by immunofluorescence microscopy. Methylprednisolone concentrations of 62.5 and 625 µg/mL enhanced the neutrophil killing of Gram positive bacteria, whereas no significant influence was detected for the Gram negative Escherichia coli. Interestingly, higher amounts of free DNA were detected under methylprednisolone stimulation in a concentration dependency and in the presence of Streptococcus canis and Escherichia coli. The nucleosome release by neutrophils is induced by bacterial infection and differs depending on the concentration of methylprednisolone. Furthermore, immunofluorescence microscopy analysis identified methylprednisolone at a concentration of 62.5 µg/mL as a NET inducer. In summary, methylprednisolone enhances NET-formation and time-dependent and concentration-dependent the bactericidal effect of canine neutrophils on Gram positive bacteria.
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Ekstrand C, Pettersson H, Gehring R, Hedeland M, Adolfsson S, Lilliehöök I. Prednisolone in Dogs-Plasma Exposure and White Blood Cell Response. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:666219. [PMID: 34179161 PMCID: PMC8219870 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.666219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids such as prednisolone are commonly used in dogs but there is sparse quantitative pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic information of this drug in this species. The objective of this study was to quantitatively characterize the concentration-effect relationship for prednisolone in dogs on neutrophil and lymphocyte trafficking and cortisol suppression. Nine beagles, 2–12 years old and part of a group for teaching/research were used in a 4-way crossover experiment including two treatments, active or placebo, administered either per os (PO) or intravenously (IV). Plasma was analyzed for prednisolone and cortisol using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry. Leucocyte counts were performed in whole blood. Data was then analyzed by non-linear mixed effect modeling to estimate pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters. After administration of prednisolone sodium succinate IV, the typical value (between subject variation) for total body prednisolone clearance was 1,370 ml/h·kg (13.4%). The volumes of the central and peripheral compartment were 2,300 ml/kg (10.7%) and 600 ml/kg (16.0%), respectively. The terminal plasma half-life was 1.7 h. The prednisolone plasma concentration producing 50% of the maximum response was 10 ng/mL (90.3%), 22.5 ng/ml (52.3%) and 0.04 ng/mL (197.3%) for neutrophil, lymphocyte and cortisol response, respectively. The administered dose (1 mg/kg) increased neutrophil and decreased lymphocyte numbers but not over the entire dosage interval of 24 h, due to the short half-life. However, glucocorticoids have a wide range of responses. An anti-inflammatory response due to altered gene transcription might have a longer duration. Future studies on the anti-inflammatory potency together with data presented are needed to optimize future dosage recommendations in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Ekstrand
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helena Pettersson
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.,Clinical Pathology Laboratory, University Animal Hospital, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ronette Gehring
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.,Division of Veterinary and Comparative Pharmacology, Department of Population Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mikael Hedeland
- Department of Chemistry, Environment and Feed Hygiene, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sara Adolfsson
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Inger Lilliehöök
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.,Clinical Pathology Laboratory, University Animal Hospital, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Matei MC, Andrei SM, Buza V, Cernea MS, Dumitras DA, Neagu D, Rafa H, Popovici CP, Szakacs AR, Catinean A, Stefanut E, Stefanut LC. Natural Endotoxemia in Dogs-A Hidden Condition That Can Be Treated with a Potential Probiotic Containing Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Pediococcus acidilactici: A Study Model. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051367. [PMID: 34064947 PMCID: PMC8150349 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Spore-based Bacillus spp. products are considered to have a higher probiotic potential compared to products containing only lactic acid bacteria because their viability in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is higher, even when GI environmental conditions are unfavorable. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Pediococcus acidilactici spore-based potential probiotic on the natural levels of postprandial endotoxemia. A total of 11 dogs completed the study: group 1-healthy dogs: n = 5; group 2-dogs with apparent dysbiosis: n = 6. For 30 days, the dogs were fed the probiotic product; clinical examinations and blood sampling were done before and after completion of the probiotic treatment. Endotoxin levels were assessed pre-meal, 6 h and 12 h post-meal, before initiation and after completion of the treatment. The results showed a decrease in endotoxin levels after treatment, especially 12 h post-meal (group 1: 20.60%; group 2: 44.93%). This study reports new information with regard to natural endotoxemia levels in dogs and suggests that a multi-strain formula (spore-based) consisting of B. subtilis, B. licheniformis and P. acidilactici is able to diminish endotoxin values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Catalina Matei
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Manastur No. 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.-C.M.); (V.B.); (L.C.S.)
| | - Sanda Maria Andrei
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Manastur No. 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.M.A.); (D.A.D.); (H.R.)
| | - Victoria Buza
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Manastur No. 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.-C.M.); (V.B.); (L.C.S.)
| | - Mihai Sorin Cernea
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences andVeterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Manastur No. 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-74-4812-534
| | - Daria Antonia Dumitras
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Manastur No. 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.M.A.); (D.A.D.); (H.R.)
| | - Daniela Neagu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Manastur No. 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.N.); (C.P.P.)
| | - Horatiu Rafa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Manastur No. 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.M.A.); (D.A.D.); (H.R.)
| | - Cristian Paul Popovici
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Manastur No. 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.N.); (C.P.P.)
| | - Andrei Radu Szakacs
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Manastur No. 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Adrian Catinean
- Department of Internal Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | | | - Laura Cristina Stefanut
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Manastur No. 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.-C.M.); (V.B.); (L.C.S.)
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Bartko J, Derhaschnig U, Neels T, Nabozny GH, Harcken C, Leuschner J, De Vries F, Jilma B. Selective glucocorticoid receptor modulation inhibits cytokine responses in a canine model of mild endotoxemia. Pharmacol Res 2017; 125:215-223. [PMID: 28923543 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Selective glucocorticoid receptor modulators (GRMs) promise to reduce adverse events of glucocorticoids while maintaining anti-inflammatory potency. The present study tested the anti-inflammatory activity of two novel non-steroidal GRMs (GRM1: BI 607812 BS, GRM2: BI 653048 BS*H3PO4) in comparison to prednisolone in a canine model of low dose endotoxemia. This study compared the anti-inflammatory and pharmacokinetic profile of escalating daily oral doses of GRM1 (1, 2.5, 5 and 10mg/kg) and GRM2 (0.1, 0.25 and 1mg/kg) with prednisolone (0.25 and 0.5mg/kg) and placebo after intravenous infusion of endotoxin (0.1μg/kg) to Beagle dogs. This was followed by a 14-day evaluation study of safety and pharmacokinetics. Endotoxin challenge increased TNF-α ∼2000-fold and interleukin-6 (IL-6) 100-fold. Prednisolone and both GRMs suppressed peak TNF-α and IL-6 by 71-82% as compared with placebo. The highest doses of GRM1 and GRM2 reduced the mean body temperature increase by ∼30%. The endotoxin-induced rise in plasma cortisol was strongly suppressed in all treatment groups. Pharmacokinetics of both GRMs were non-linear. Adverse effects of endotoxemia such as vomiting were mitigated by GRM2 and prednisolone, indicating an antiemetic effect. During the 14-day treatment period, the adverse event profile of both GRMs appeared to be similar to prednisolone. Both GRMs had anti-inflammatory effects comparable to prednisolone and showed good safety profiles. Compounds targeting the glucocorticoid receptor selectively may provide an alternative to traditional glucocorticoids in the treatment of inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Bartko
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulla Derhaschnig
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Tania Neels
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Jost Leuschner
- LPT Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology GmbH & Co. KG, Germany
| | | | - Bernd Jilma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
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