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Martin P, Poon LW. Healthy aging among centenarians and near-centenarians: Findings from the Georgia Centenarian Study. Maturitas 2024; 185:108001. [PMID: 38677175 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2024.108001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The Georgia Centenarian Study is one of the earliest comprehensive studies on centenarians. Based on the Georgia model of adaptation, the primary purpose of this study was to assess the health and well-being of our oldest population, with a focus on several primary adaptation areas: genetics and family longevity, environmental support, individual characteristics, cognitive and behavioral skills, health behaviors, and physical and mental health, including overall life satisfaction. The results of the three Georgia Centenarian sub-studies indicate that genetic and environmental variables play an important role in determining different levels of healthy aging, but they also highlight relevant mediating and moderating effects in a network of interrelating adaptation components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Martin
- Iowa State University, 2361b Palmer, 2222 Osborn Drive, Ames, IA 50011-1084, USA.
| | - Leonard W Poon
- University of Georgia, College of Public Health, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Goodarzi F, Khoshravesh S, Ayubi E, Bashirian S, Barati M. Psychosocial determinants of functional independence among older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Promot Perspect 2024; 14:32-43. [PMID: 38623346 PMCID: PMC11016145 DOI: 10.34172/hpp.42354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In current years, the increase in older population has led to creating one of the main public health challenges, worldwide. Because of the special characteristics of older adults, this age group is exposed to possible problems, such as mental and physical disorders, that usually affect their functional independence. The study aimed to determine the psychosocial determinants (e.g., depression, social support, and self-efficacy) affecting functional independence among older population. Methods Our search was conducted on three international databases (Web of Sciences, PubMed/Medline, and Scopus) for all the observational studies (cross-sectional, cohort or longitudinal designs) on the social and psychological determinants of functional independence among older adults. Papers published in English without limitation of time were reviewed from inception to 26 August 2023. The quality assessment tool was the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). The I2 index was used to quantify the degree of heterogeneity among the studies. In the case of heterogeneity higher than 50%, the random effects model has been used for overall estimation of the effects; otherwise, the fixed effects model was used. The pooled associations were expressed as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Stata version 14 software (StataCorp LP) was used for data analysis. The significance level was considered at 0.05. Results In the initial search, 6978 articles were retrieved, and finally, considering the inclusion criteria, 46 articles were examined. Finally, 18 articles were eligible for meta-analysis. The findings indicated that among all the determinants affecting functional independence among older adults, depression could lead to a 76% increase in functional dependence. Conclusion The findings provide a statistically significant relationship between psychosocial factors and functional independence. Depression was the strongest determinant of functional dependence among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fataneh Goodarzi
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sahar Khoshravesh
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Erfan Ayubi
- Cancer Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Saeid Bashirian
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Majid Barati
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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The aging mind: A complex challenge for research and practice. AGING BRAIN 2023; 3:100060. [PMID: 36911259 PMCID: PMC9997127 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2022.100060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive decline as part of mental ageing is typically assessed with standardized tests; below-average performance in such tests is used as an indicator for pathological cognitive aging. In addition, morphological and functional changes in the brain are used as parameters for age-related pathological decline in cognitive abilities. However, there is no simple link between the trajectories of changes in cognition and morphological or functional changes in the brain. Furthermore, below-average test performance does not necessarily mean a significant impairment in everyday activities. It therefore appears crucial to record individual everyday tasks and their cognitive (and other) requirements in functional terms. This would also allow reliable assessment of the ecological validity of existing and insufficient cognitive skills. Understanding and dealing with the phenomena and consequences of mental aging does of course not only depend on cognition. Motivation and emotions as well personal meaning of life and life satisfaction play an equally important role. This means, however, that cognition represents only one, albeit important, aspect of mental aging. Furthermore, creating and development of proper assessment tools for functional cognition is important. In this contribution we would like to discuss some aspects that we consider relevant for a holistic view of the aging mind and promote a strengthening of a multidisciplinary approach with close cooperation between all basic and applied sciences involved in aging research, a quick translation of the research results into practice, and a close cooperation between all disciplines and professions who advise and support older people.
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Cheng A, Leung Y, Brodaty H. A systematic review of the associations, mediators and moderators of life satisfaction, positive affect and happiness in near-centenarians and centenarians. Aging Ment Health 2022; 26:651-666. [PMID: 33645362 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2021.1891197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Results from studies investigating life satisfaction, positive affect and happiness of near-centenarians (95+) and centenarians are inconsistent. This is the first systematic review to summarise the extant literature on the subjective well-being of this unique age group. METHOD Seven electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science and the Cochrane database for systematic reviews) were systematically searched. Subjective well-being was defined as life satisfaction, positive affect and happiness. A narrative synthesis of relevant articles was undertaken. RESULTS Of 28 studies eligible for inclusion in this review, 20 predominantly examined life satisfaction, 11 positive affect and 4 happiness. Sex and other demographic variables were not significant predictors of subjective well-being. In contrast, greater perceived health was significantly associated with higher levels of life satisfaction and positive affect. Fatigue and visual impairment were significantly correlated with lower levels of life satisfaction and positive affect. However, there was considerable heterogeneity in the findings on physical, cognitive and social associations, mediators and moderators. CONCLUSION The large discrepancy of results in the literature may be explained by methodological differences between studies. Centenarian research needs a clearer definition of life satisfaction, positive affect and happiness as their operationalisation is inconsistent. An international consortium of centenarian studies could facilitate cross-cultural comparisons on subjective well-being. Future research should be directed towards interventions that promote subjective well-being in the oldest-old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Cheng
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yvonne Leung
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,School of Psychology, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Cho J, Nakagawa T, Martin P, Gondo Y, Poon LW, Hirose N. Caregiving centenarians: Cross-national comparison in Caregiver-Burden between the United States and Japan. Aging Ment Health 2020; 24:774-783. [PMID: 30596257 PMCID: PMC6599484 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2018.1544221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The personal distress associated with caring for a family member has been well documented; however, questions about the burden of caregiving for centenarians and cross-national differences in the caregiving context, remain unanswered.Research Design and Methods: This study includes reports by caregivers of 538 near-centenarians and centenarians in the U.S. and Japan: 234 from the Georgia Centenarian Study and 304 from the Tokyo Centenarian Study. Basic descriptive and multivariate regression analyses were conducted. Mean levels of caregiver burden and near-centenarian and centenarians' characteristics (as predictors) for caregiver burden were compared between the U.S. and Japan. The near-centenarian and centenarians' functional capacity and personality were assessed as predictors.Results: Differential predictive patterns in caregiver burden were found in the two groups. In the U.S., near-centenarian and centenarians' agreeableness and conscientiousness were negatively associated with caregiver burden; whereas the near-centenarian and centenarians' neuroticism and number of diseases were positively associated with caregiver burden. In Japan, the near-centenarian and centenarians' activities of daily living, openness, and agreeableness were negatively associated with caregiving burden. Interaction effects between functional capacity and personality, on caregiver burden were observed only in the U.S. In the U.S., higher levels of agreeableness and openness significantly changed the level of caregiver burden associated with vision problems and a greater number of diseases.Discussion and Implications: Cross-national comparative predictors of caregiving burden between the two countries emphasized that caring for centenarians should be understood in the caregiving context, as well as the social context.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Cho
- Center for Applied Health Research, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas,Texas A&M Health Science Center School of Public Health, College Station, Texas
| | - T. Nakagawa
- University Priority Research Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging,” University of Zurich, Switzerland,JSPS Postdoctoral Fellow for Research Abroad
| | - P. Martin
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Y. Gondo
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - L. W. Poon
- Institute of Gerontology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - N. Hirose
- Center for Supercentenarian Research, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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Huang Z, Chen Y, Zhou W, Li X, Qin Q, Fei Y, Dong X, Yu F. Analyzing functional status and its correlates in Chinese centenarians: A cross-sectional study. Nurs Health Sci 2020; 22:639-647. [PMID: 32141149 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Factors affecting independence in basic and instrumental activities of daily living have been established in older adults, but not centenarians. The purpose of this study was to examine the state and factors affecting activities of daily living independence in centenarians who resided in Guangxi Province, China. A cross-sectional design was used. Activities of daily living, physical activity, mobility, and physical performance were measured by the Population Study of ChINese Elderly study instruments, and demographics and cognition were assessed. Of the 228 participants, 57% were independent in basic activities of daily living and 5.7% in instrumental activities of daily living. Stepwise regression showed physical activity, cognition, calf circumference, and self-reported health were associated with basic activities of daily living. Physical activity, mobility, cognition, and physical performance were correlated with instrumental activities of daily living. In conclusion, the Chinese centenarians showed impaired instrumental activities of daily living but mostly maintained basic functioning. Physical activity and cognition were associated with activities of daily living independence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyong Huang
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, China
| | - Yuzhu Chen
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Institute of Nutrition and School Health, Nanning, China
| | - Weiwen Zhou
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Institute of Nutrition and School Health, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Institute of Nutrition and School Health, Nanning, China
| | - Qiulan Qin
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Institute of Nutrition and School Health, Nanning, China
| | - Yunqing Fei
- University of Minnesota Center for Global Health and Social Responsibility, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Xinqi Dong
- Rutgers University Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers University, Rutgers, New Jersey, USA
| | - Fang Yu
- University of Minnesota School of Nursing, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Rong C, Shen SH, Xiao LW, Huang Q, Lu HT, Wang HX, Li ZX, Wang XM. A Comparative Study on the Health Status and Behavioral Lifestyle of Centenarians and Non-centenarians in Zhejiang Province, China-A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Public Health 2019; 7:344. [PMID: 31824910 PMCID: PMC6886376 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The growth rate of centenarians was unusually rapid in recent decades, ushering in an era of longevity. This study aims to explore the difference between centenarians and non-centenarians using quantitative research, and to scientifically guide residents to develop the correct lifestyle and health care ways. Methods: From October 2013 to August 2017. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 271 centenarians and 570 non-centenarians by using a questionnaire to assess longevity and health issues which was developed for the needs of the study, who came from 29 counties and districts in 11 cities of Zhejiang province, China. Two hundred and fifty-five valid questionnaires were returned, with an effective response rate of 94.1%. Meanwhile, data of 526 non-centenarians from Zhejiang province was collected as a control group, with an effective response rate of 92.3%. Results: The prevalence rates of tumor, stomach and duodenal ulcer, diabetes, bronchial asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, tuberculosis among centenarians were all lower than those among non-centenarians. The oral health of centenarians is better than that of non-centenarians. The consumption of coarse cereals, pasta, other staple foods and fruits among centenarians was higher than that of non-centenarians. The percentage of centenarians who smoke or engage in recreational activities every day was lower than that of non-centenarians. Conclusions: We should give full play to the role of preventive medicine and health management to safeguard the health of residents. Pay attention to oral health, and develop the good habit of loving teeth. The diet should be rich and varied, and increase the intake of grains and fruits. Give up smoking, limit alcohol, spirit-preserving with calming, follow the law of scientific regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Rong
- School of Humanities and Management, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Shu-Hua Shen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu-Wei Xiao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han-Ti Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Xian Wang
- Yiwu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Zheng-Xiang Li
- Wenling Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenling, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Physical, sensory, and cognitive functioning among centenarians: a comparison between the Tokyo and Georgia centenarian studies. Qual Life Res 2018; 27:3037-3046. [DOI: 10.1007/s11136-018-1943-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Tettamanti M, Marcon G. Cohort profile: 'Centenari a Trieste' (CaT), a study of the health status of centenarians in a small defined area of Italy. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e019250. [PMID: 29439076 PMCID: PMC5829861 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Centenarians, a segment of the population which some 50 years ago comprised only a few individuals, now count thousands in many countries, and demographic projections forecast that this growth will continue. The study of this new population will give us new information on extreme longevity and help prepare for their health and social needs. The aim of the Centenari a Trieste study is to describe the health and health service use by centenarians, with specific focus on cognitive status. PARTICIPANTS This is a population-based study of centenarians living in the province of Trieste (Italy), a small area with a high prevalence of centenarians and a close network of health and social services, which makes it possible to conduct a study. Consenting individuals were visited by a clinician, tested by neuropsychologists and also gave a sample of their blood. Administrative data were retrieved as well. FINDINGS TO DATE Of the 163 centenarians, 70 could be contacted and participated in the study. The main reasons for non-participation were impossibility to contact the subject (70) and death (20). Centenarians were mostly women (90%), tended to live in a nursing home (60%) and were generally severely functionally impaired (Barthel Index <50: 61%). Data from the administrative database showed that about one out of five needed hospitalisation in the preceding year and more than three out of four had at least one drug prescription. FUTURE PLANS In 2017, we started a new wave of the study enrolling people who had just become centenarian and reassessing subjects already seen; we hope to extend this recruitment in the next years. Subjects are now examined also by cardiologists and dental specialists. We are collecting further different biological specimens to investigate new hypotheses on the cognitive function of the centenarians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Tettamanti
- Laboratory of Geriatric Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Marcon
- ASUITS - Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Chirurgiche e della Salute (DSMCS), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Area Medica (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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Wu T, Lu L, Luo L, Guo Y, Ying L, Tao Q, Zeng H, Han L, Shi Z, Zhao Y. Factors Associated with Activities of Daily Life Disability among Centenarians in Rural Chongqing, China: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14111364. [PMID: 29120382 PMCID: PMC5708003 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14111364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to ascertain the health and lifestyle factors associated with the activities of daily living (ADL) disability of centenarians in rural Chongqing, China. Method: 564 centenarians living in rural Chongqing were selected for this cross-sectional study. Demographic characteristics and self-reported lifestyle factors were obtained from face-to-face interviews. ADL disability was measured using the Katz Activities of Daily Living Scale. Result: Among the respondents, 65.7% were considered ADL disability centenarians. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that preference for salt, drinking habits, social activities, physical activity, and failure to follow good diet habits were significantly associated with the ADL disability of centenarians. Conclusion: ADL disability of centenarians was associated with certain lifestyle habits. This outcome suggested that target intervention may help maintain ADL independence even among the oldest of the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wu
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Lu Lu
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Li Luo
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yingqi Guo
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Liying Ying
- School of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, China.
| | - Qingliu Tao
- Chongqing Health Education Institute, Chongqing 404000, China.
| | - Huan Zeng
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Lingli Han
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Zumin Shi
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia.
| | - Yong Zhao
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Cho J, Martin P, Poon LW. Successful aging and subjective well-being among oldest-old adults. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2014; 55:132-43. [PMID: 25112594 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnu074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY This research integrates successful aging and developmental adaptation models to empirically define the direct and indirect effects of 2 distal (i.e., education and past life experiences) and 5 proximal influences (i.e., physical functioning, cognitive functioning, physical health impairment, social resources, and perceived economic status) on subjective well-being. The proximal influences involved predictors outlined in most extant models of successful aging (e.g., Rowe & Kahn, 1998 [Rowe, J. W., & Kahn, R. L. (1998). Successful aging. New York: Pantheon Books.]). Our model extends such models by including distal impact as well as interactions between distal and proximal impacts. DESIGN AND METHODS Data were obtained from 234 centenarians and 72 octogenarians in the Georgia Centenarian Study. Structural equation modeling was conducted with Mplus 6.1. RESULTS Results showed significant direct effects of physical health impairment and social resources on positive aspects of subjective well-being among oldest-old adults. We also found significant indirect effects of cognitive functioning and education on positive affect among oldest-old adults. Social resources mediated the relationship between cognitive functioning and positive affect; and cognitive functioning and social resources mediated the relationship between education and positive affect. In addition, physical health impairment mediated the relationship between cognitive functioning and positive affect; and cognitive functioning and physical health impairment mediated the relationship between education and positive affect. IMPLICATIONS Integrating 2 different models (i.e., successful aging and developmental adaptation) provided a comprehensive view of adaptation from a developmental perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmyoung Cho
- Center for Applied Health Research, Baylor Scott & White Health
- School of Public Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station.
| | - Peter Martin
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames
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Cimarolli VR, Jopp DS. Sensory impairments and their associations with functional disability in a sample of the oldest-old. Qual Life Res 2014; 23:1977-84. [PMID: 24682668 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-014-0657-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Research focusing on the consequences of sensory impairments for the everyday competence of the oldest-old is emerging. The two main goals of this study were to document the prevalence of self-reported vision, hearing, and dual sensory impairment and to explore associations of these impairments with functional disability in near-centenarians and centenarians. METHODS Centenarians and near-centenarians (N = 119; average age = 99) were recruited, with about 80% living in the community. In-person interviews included self-ratings of vision and hearing impairment and functional disability conceptualized as having difficulties performing personal and instrumental activities of daily livings (PADLs and IADLs). RESULTS Based on self-report ratings, 17% of participants were classified as having a visual impairment only, 18% as having a hearing impairment only, and 38% with both a visual and hearing impairment (dual sensory impairment). Regression analyses demonstrated that having a vision impairment only and being dual sensory impaired were the strongest predictors of functional disability. They were associated with higher levels of functional disability over and above higher levels of depressive symptomatology, interference of health with desired activities, and living in a nursing home. CONCLUSIONS Sensory impairments-especially dual sensory impairment-are prevalent in the oldest-old. Having dual sensory impairment or a single visual impairment among other factors are strongly associated with less-optimal everyday functioning in the oldest-old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena R Cimarolli
- Research Institute on Aging, The Guild Center for Research in Vision and Aging, Jewish Home Lifecare, 120 West 106th Street, New York, NY, 10025, USA,
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