Moving to a Continuing Care Retirement Community or Staying in the Community? A Comparison Between American and Israeli Older Adults

Objective Physical Activity Levels, Sedentary Time, and Muscle Mass, Strength, and Function: Impact on Physical and Mental Health-Related Quality of Life in Older Adults

Limited physical activity, sedentary behavior, and reduction in muscle mass, strength, and function are accompanied by negative outcomes. The relationship between these factors and physical and mental health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has yet to be elucidated in continuing care retirement community (CCRC) residents. The current study investigated the relationships among physical activity, sedentary behavior, and muscle mass, strength, and function to physical and mental HRQoL. A sample of 105 CCRC residents participated in this cross-sectional correlational study. Findings demonstrated that low physical activity and muscle function were significantly associated with low physical HRQoL and explained 38% of the variance in physical HRQoL. Handgrip strength was significantly associated with low mental HRQoL and explained 8% of the variance in mental HRQoL. Older adults living in CCRCs may benefit from interventions targeting physical activity and the distinct muscle components of sarcopenia that have the potential to improve physical and mental HRQoL. [Research in Gerontological Nursing, 15(3), 131-139.].

Trajectory and Correlation of Intrinsic Capacity and Frailty in a Beijing Elderly Community

Objectives: The World Health Organization proposed intrinsic capacity (IC) model to guide the implementation of person-centered care plan aimed at preserving or reserving functional ability, especially in frail older adults. We aimed to show the trajectory of IC and the overlap between IC impairment and frailty and investigate the correlation between IC domains and frailty status transitions.

Method: Longitudinal observational study covering 230 community-dwelling older adults (mean age 84.0 ± 4.5 years) at baseline, and transition information at 2-year follow-up (n = 196). IC was measured by five domains: locomotion, cognition, vitality, psychological, and sensory. Frailty was defined by FRAIL Scale. IC and frailty status transitions were assessed. Logistic regression, odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used for the analysis.

Results: The prevalence of frailty was 23.0% and increased up to 41.8% over two years. Regarding frailty transitions, 38.3% of older adults progressed to more frailty status, and 8.6% regressed to lesser frailty status. The prevalence of IC impairment was 67.9% and increased to 81.6% over two years. Regarding IC transitions, 49.2% of adults with no IC impairment at baseline kept stable, and 50.8% developed new IC impairment. Among individuals with IC impairment at baseline, 57.9% worsened, and 13.5% improved. Importantly, IC impairment at baseline existed in 42.4% robust adults, 83.3% pre-frail adults, and 93.3% frail adults. 47.1% individuals who kept non-frail status within two years experienced IC worsened transition. Univariable analysis illustrated that new impaired locomotion, vitality, cognition, and sensory domains increased the risk of non-frail progressed to frail status. After adjusting for covariables, new impaired locomotion (OR = 3.625, 95% CI: 1.348–9.747) and vitality domains (OR = 3.034, 95% CI: 1.229–7.487) were associated with a higher possibility of non-frail progressed to frail status.

Conclusion: IC impairment and frailty overlap and co-exist in older adults. IC impairment, especially new impairment in locomotion and vitality are associated with the transitions from non-frail to frail status. It is important that geriatricians tightly monitor IC trajectory and find the new impaired domains to take early action to minimize the public health burden of frailty.