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Brilli L, Toscano P, Carotenuto F, Di Lonardo S, Di Tommasi P, Magliulo V, Manco A, Vitale L, Zaldei A, Gioli B. Long-term investigation of methane and carbon dioxide emissions in two Italian landfills. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29356. [PMID: 38644898 PMCID: PMC11033122 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Landfills play a key role as greenhouse gas (GHGs) emitters, and urgently need assessment and management plans development to swiftly reduce their climate impact. In this context, accurate emission measurements from landfills under different climate and management would reduce the uncertainty in emission accounting. In this study, more than one year of long-term high-frequency data of CO2 and CH4 fluxes were collected in two Italian landfills (Giugliano and Case Passerini) with contrasting management (gas recovery VS no management) using eddy covariance (EC), with the aim to i) investigate the relation between climate drivers and CO2 and CH4 fluxes at different time intervals and ii) to assess the overall GHG balances including the biogas extraction and energy recovery components. Results indicated a higher net atmospheric CO2 source (5.7 ± 5.3 g m2 d-1) at Giugliano compared to Case Passerini (2.4 ± 4.9 g m2 d-1) as well as one order of magnitude higher atmospheric CH4 fluxes (6.0 ± 5.7 g m2 d-1 and 0.7 ± 0.6 g m2 d-1 respectively). Statistical analysis highlighted that fluxes were mainly driven by thermal variables, followed by water availability, with their relative importance changing according to the time-interval considered. The rate of change in barometric pressure (dP/dt) influenced CH4 patterns and magnitude in the classes ranging from -1.25 to +1.25 Pa h-1, with reduction when dP/dt > 0 and increase when dP/dt < 0, whilst a clear pattern was not observed when all dP/dt classes were analyzed. When including management, the total atmospheric GHG balance computed for the two landfills of Giugliano and Case Passerini was 174 g m2 d-1 and 79 g m2 d-1 respectively, of which 168 g m2 d-1 and 20 g m2 d-1 constituted by CH4 fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Brilli
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of BioEconomy (CNR-IBE), Firenze, 50145, Italy
| | - P. Toscano
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of BioEconomy (CNR-IBE), Firenze, 50145, Italy
| | - F. Carotenuto
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of BioEconomy (CNR-IBE), Firenze, 50145, Italy
| | - S. Di Lonardo
- National Research Council of Italy, Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (CNR-IRET), Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - P. Di Tommasi
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean (CNR-ISAFOM), Ercolano, 80056, Naples, Italy
| | - V. Magliulo
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean (CNR-ISAFOM), Ercolano, 80056, Naples, Italy
| | - A. Manco
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean (CNR-ISAFOM), Ercolano, 80056, Naples, Italy
| | - L. Vitale
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean (CNR-ISAFOM), Ercolano, 80056, Naples, Italy
| | - A. Zaldei
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of BioEconomy (CNR-IBE), Firenze, 50145, Italy
| | - B. Gioli
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of BioEconomy (CNR-IBE), Firenze, 50145, Italy
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Sacramento FCC, Rangel GS, Zanta VM, Queiroz LM. Climate variability impacts on methane recovery in a municipal solid waste landfill: A case study in a humid tropical climate region. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 247:118181. [PMID: 38237750 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- F C C Sacramento
- Aristídes Novis Street, 2, 4th Floor, Federação, Salvador, Bahia, 40210-630, Brazil.
| | - G S Rangel
- Aristídes Novis Street, 2, 4th Floor, Federação, Salvador, Bahia, 40210-630, Brazil.
| | - V M Zanta
- Aristídes Novis Street, 2, 4th Floor, Federação, Salvador, Bahia, 40210-630, Brazil.
| | - L M Queiroz
- Aristídes Novis Street, 2, 4th Floor, Federação, Salvador, Bahia, 40210-630, Brazil.
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Traven L, Linšak Ž, Crvelin G, Baldigara A. Atmospheric parameters play an important role in driving hydrogen sulphide concentrations in ambient air near waste management centres. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1451. [PMID: 37947876 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12047-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Emissions of odorous compounds are major contributors to public opposition when siting waste management facilities. Thus, it is essential to understand how to minimise the concentration of odour-causing chemicals in ambient air surrounding such facilities. Although the concentration of pollutants in the atmosphere is a function of meteorology, there is limited data on the atmospheric parameters that drive ambient air concentrations of odour-causing substances in settlements near waste management facilities. Here, we analysed how temperature, wind direction, wind speed, atmospheric pressure and humidity impact the concentrations of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) in the ambient air, a potentially toxic chemical and a chief contributor to noxious odours. The relative contribution of each variable was assessed using multivariate statistical analysis applied to an extensive data set of over 7,000 data points collected during 2021. Our results show that all tested atmospheric parameters significantly affected H2S concentrations in ambient air. Wind direction had the greatest impact on H2S concentrations, followed by temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure and wind speed. Specifically, the concentration of H2S was positively correlated with humidity and atmospheric pressure and had a U-shaped correlation with temperature. Atmospheric variables were able to explain 15% of variation in H2S concentrations (R2 = 15%), indicating the presence of other factors affecting H2S ambient air concentrations. Our study shows that proper consideration of atmospheric parameters, especially wind direction and temperatures, is of uttermost importance when siting waste management facilities. The conclusions are broadly applicable to odorous compounds near waste management facilities, so adverse effects to human health and the environment can be minimised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Traven
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20/1, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia.
- Department of Environmental Health, Teaching Institute of Public Health of the Primorsko-Goranska County, Krešimirova 52a, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Željko Linšak
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20/1, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia
- Department of Environmental Health, Teaching Institute of Public Health of the Primorsko-Goranska County, Krešimirova 52a, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Goran Crvelin
- Department of Environmental Health, Teaching Institute of Public Health of the Primorsko-Goranska County, Krešimirova 52a, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Anivija Baldigara
- Technical Faculty, Doctoral Study in Environmental Engineering, University of Rijeka, Vukovarska 38, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia
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Delkash M, Chow FK, Imhoff PT. Diurnal landfill methane flux patterns across different seasons at a landfill in Southeastern US. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 144:76-86. [PMID: 35316706 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Diurnal patterns of methane flux are examined at a landfill in the Southeastern US. Methane fluxes are measured by an eddy covariance (EC) tower during representative one-week periods in three seasons: summer, fall, and winter. Measured methane fluxes are compared with atmospheric pressure, temporal variation of atmospheric pressure, wind shear velocity, and air temperature. Landfill methane flux varies significantly with shear velocity and temporal changes in atmospheric pressure when the atmosphere is neutral. Under unstable atmospheric conditions, air temperature correlates best with methane flux, which is corroborated with an independent dataset of tracer correlation method (TCM) measurements for similar measurement periods. These field data support a mathematical model previously proposed to describe atmospheric effects on methane flux from landfills. The field data also indicate significant diurnal methane flux variations, with daytime fluxes up to 23 times greater than nighttime fluxes. Because the majority of historical TCM measurements of whole landfill methane flux are between 12 pm and 6 pm at this landfill, when daily emissions are highest because of atmospheric effects, average diurnal fluxes might have been overestimated by as much as 73%. Methane emissions are most representative of diurnal average emissions when atmospheric stability is near-neutral, which occurs in the late morning (∼11 am) and in the early evening (∼5 pm) at this site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madjid Delkash
- California Environmental Protection Agency, Sacramento, CA 95814, United States; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Fotini K Chow
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Paul T Imhoff
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States.
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Kissas K, Ibrom A, Kjeldsen P, Scheutz C. Methane emission dynamics from a Danish landfill: The effect of changes in barometric pressure. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 138:234-242. [PMID: 34902685 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates temporal variability on landfill methane (CH4) emissions from an old abandoned Danish landfill, caused by the rate of changes in barometric pressure. Two different emission quantification techniques, namely the dynamic tracer dispersion method (TDM) and the eddy covariance method (EC), were applied simultaneously and their results compared. The results showed a large spatial and temporal CH4 emission variation ranging from 0 to 100 kg h-1 and 0 to 12 μmol m-2 s-1, respectively. Landfill CH4 emissions dynamics were influenced by two environmental factors: the rate of change in barometric pressure (a strong negative correlation) and wind speed (a weak positive correlation). The relationship between CH4 emissions and the rate of change in barometric pressure was more complicated than a linear one, thereby making it difficult to estimate accurately annual CH4 emissions from a landfill based on discrete measurements. Furthermore, the results did not show any clear relationship between CH4 emissions and ambient temperature. Large seasonal variations were identified by the two methods, whereas no diurnal variability was observed throughout the investigated period. CH4 fluxes measured with the EC method were strongly correlated with emissions from the TDM method, even though no direct relationship could be established, due to the different sampling ranges of the two methods and the spatial heterogeneity of CH4 emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kissas
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - A Ibrom
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - P Kjeldsen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - C Scheutz
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Huang D, Du Y, Xu Q, Ko JH. Quantification and control of gaseous emissions from solid waste landfill surfaces. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 302:114001. [PMID: 34731706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Landfilling is the most common option for solid waste disposal worldwide. Landfill sites can emit significant quantities of greenhouse gases (GHGs; e.g., methane, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide) and release toxic and odorous compounds (e.g., sulfides). Due to the complex composition and characteristics of landfill surface gas emissions, the quantification and control of landfill emissions are challenging. This review attempts to comprehensively understand landfill emission quantification and control options by primarily focusing on GHGs and odor compounds. Landfill emission quantification was highlighted by combining different emissions monitoring approaches to improve the quality of landfill emission data. Also, landfill emission control requires a specific approach that targets emission compounds or a systematic approach that reduces overall emissions by combining different control methods since the diverse factors dominate the emissions of various compounds and their transformation. This integrated knowledge of emission quantification and control options for GHGs and odor compounds is beneficial for establishing field monitoring campaigns and incorporating mitigation strategies to quantify and control multiple landfill emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Huang
- Key Laboratory for Eco-efficient Recycled Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Guangdong, 518055, China; School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Yue Du
- Key Laboratory for Eco-efficient Recycled Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Qiyong Xu
- Key Laboratory for Eco-efficient Recycled Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Jae Hac Ko
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Ocean Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea.
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Wangyao K, Sutthasil N, Chiemchaisri C. Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from shallow windrow piles for biostabilisation of municipal solid waste. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2021; 71:650-660. [PMID: 33481686 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2021.1880498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Shallow windrow piles were applied as a low-cost option for biostabilisation of municipal solid wastes (MSW) prior to their utilization as refuse-derived fuel (RDF). A considerable amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions can be emitted during the biostabilisation of MSW, especially when in operation under high moisture conditions such as there are in tropical Asia. This study investigated the emission of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) from shallow windrow piles - with heights of 0.5-1.0 m - for the stabilization of MSW at a full-scale facility in Thailand. Measurements of CH4, CO2, and N2O emissions using the static-chamber method revealed high spatial heterogeneity characteristics in all zones with different waste ages. Peak methane emissions were observed after four months of biostabilisation. The average spatial methane emissions from the waste piles ranged from 7.33 to 26.88 g m-2 d-1 (14.86 g m-2 d-1, on average). The CH4 generation-rate constant was within the range of 3.3 to 4.0 yr-1, which is higher than that reported - about 2.20-3.50 yr-1 - from a deep windrow pile (3.5-4.0 m height). The spatial distribution of N2O emissions was in the range of 4.51-199.14 mg N2O t-1dry wt.d-1 (6.6-111.7 mg N2O m-2 d-1), similar to those previously studied from landfill operations. This shallow windrow pile technique can be applied as low-cost technology for biostabilisation of MSW in developing countries, where land area is available.Implications: Shallow windrow pile was applied as a low-cost option for biological treatment of municipal solid waste in developing countries where land area is available. This study evaluated the greenhouse gas emission characteristics during the operation of windrow pile. The findings suggest that the emission rates were varied spatially with waste ages in different zones. Higher methane generation rate constant was derived from shallow window pile as compared to deep windrow pile. The methane and nitrous oxide emission factors were derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komsilp Wangyao
- The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Energy Technology and Environment (CEE), PERDO, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Noppharit Sutthasil
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Chart Chiemchaisri
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Zhang C, Wang X, Wei L, Wang B, Chen S. Time-resolved characteristics and production pathways of simulated landfilling N 2O emission under different oxygen concentrations. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 149:106396. [PMID: 33524669 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O), an important greenhouse gas, is emitted from landfill reservoirs, especially in the working face, where nitrification and denitrification occur under different O2 concentrations. In order to explore the effects of O2 concentration on N2O emissions and production pathways, the production of N2O from simulated fresh waste landfilling under 0%, 5%, 10%, and 21% (vol/vol) O2 concentrations were examined, and 15N isotopes were used as tracers to determine the contributions of nitrification (NF), heterotrophic denitrification (HD), and nitrification-coupled denitrification (NCD) to N2O production over a 72-h incubation period. Equal amounts of total nitrogen consumption occurred for all studied O2 concentration and the simulated waste tended to release more N2O under 0% and 21% O2. Heterotrophic denitrification was the main source of N2O release at the studied oxygen concentrations, contributing 90.51%, 69.04%, 80.75%, and 57.51% of N2O under O2 concentrations of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 21%, respectively. Only denitrification was observed in the simulated fresh waste when the oxygen concentration of the bulk atmosphere was 0%. The nitrate reductase (nirS)-encoding denitrifiers in the simulated landfill were also studied and significant differences were observed in the richness and diversity of the denitrifying community at different taxonomic levels. It was determined that optimising the O2 content is a crucial factor in N2O production that may allow greenhouse gas emissions and N turnover during landfill aeration to be minimised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengliang Zhang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Lai Wei
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Boguang Wang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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Zhang C, Guo Y, Wang X, Chen S. Temporal and spatial variation of greenhouse gas emissions from a limited-controlled landfill site. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 127:387-394. [PMID: 30954725 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Landfilling biodegradable waste is an important source of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Among the several types of landfill, limited-controlled landfill is a common method used to dispose of domestic solid waste, especially in developing countries. However, information about GHG emissions from limited-controlled landfill sites has rarely been reported. In this study, the GHG emissions from a typical limited-controlled landfill site were investigated under a regular period for one year. The number and positions of static chambers were arranged according to the guidance on Monitoring Landfill Gas Surface Emissions by the UK Environment Agency to obtain representative data from the heterogeneous surface of the landfill. Inverse distance weighting (IDW) was applied to evaluate and visualise the GHG emissions from the whole landfill surface based on the measurements of distributed static chambers. As an important GHG source of the landfill site, the emissions from the landfill leachate treatment plant were also measured. The results revealed that CH4 and N2O emission fluxes from the landfill area were 1324.73 ± 2005.17 mg C m-2 d-1 and 2.16 ± 2.33 mg N m-2 d-1, respectively, and the fluxes from the leachate treatment plants were 23.92 ± 29.20 mg C m-2 d-1 and 16.40 ± 16.89 mg N m-2 d-1, respectively. CH4 and N2O releases preferred to present spatial heterogeneity, while temporal heterogeneity was expected to exist in CH4 and CO2 emissions. The annual GHG emissions from the limited-controlled landfill was calculated to be 1.078 Gg CO2-eq yr-1, which was the least among all types of landfill sites. In addition, the GHG emission factor was 0.042 t CO2-eq t-1 waste yr-1 which could not be ignored compared to the sanitary landfills. Therefore, it is advisable to give more attention and determine a potential solution for reducing GHG emissions from limited-controlled landfill sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengliang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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Rees-White TC, Mønster J, Beaven RP, Scheutz C. Measuring methane emissions from a UK landfill using the tracer dispersion method and the influence of operational and environmental factors. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 87:870-882. [PMID: 29605306 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The methane emissions from a landfill in south-east, UK were successfully quantified during a six-day measurement campaign using the tracer dispersion method. The fair weather conditions made it necessary to perform measurements in the late afternoon and in the evening when the lower solar flux resulted in a more stable troposphere with a lower inversion layer. This caused a slower mixing of the gasses, but allowed plume measurements up to 6700 m downwind from the landfill. The average methane emission varied between 217 ± 14 and 410 ± 18 kg h-1 within the individual measurement days, but the measured emission rates were higher on the first three days (333 ± 27, 371 ± 42 and 410 ± 18 kg h-1) compared to the last three days (217 ± 14, 249 ± 20 and 263 ± 22 kg h-1). It was not possible to completely isolate the extent to which these variations were a consequence of measuring artefacts, such as wind/measurement direction and measurement distance, or from an actual change in the fugitive emission. Such emission change is known to occur with changes in the atmospheric pressure. The higher emissions measured during the first three days of the campaign were measured during a period with an overall decrease in atmospheric pressure (from approximately 1014 mbar on day 1 to 987 mbar on day 6). The lower emissions measured during the last three days of the campaign were carried out during a period with an initial pressure increase followed by a period of slowly reducing pressure. The average daily methane recovery flow varied between 633 and 679 kg h-1 at STP (1 atm, 0 °C). The methane emitted to the atmosphere accounted for approximately 31% of the total methane generated, assuming that the methane generated is the sum of the methane recovered and the methane emitted to the atmosphere, thus not including a potential methane oxidation in the landfill cover soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Rees-White
- Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - J Mønster
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - R P Beaven
- Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - C Scheutz
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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11
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Aghdam EF, Scheutz C, Kjeldsen P. Impact of meteorological parameters on extracted landfill gas composition and flow. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 87:905-914. [PMID: 29449110 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of four pre-selected meteorological parameters (barometric pressure, wind speed, ambient temperature and solar radiation) on recovered landfill gas (LFG) flow, methane (CH4) content of the LFG and the recovered CH4 flow by performing statistical correlation tests and a visual check on correlations in scatterplots. Meteorological parameters were recorded at an on-site weather station, while LFG data were recorded when entering the gas engine. LFG CH4 concentration, LFG flow and CH4 flow correlated highly with both barometric pressure and changes in barometric pressure, and the correlations were statistically significant. A higher correlation was observed when studying changes in barometric pressure in comparison to the absolute value of barometric pressure. LFG recovery data correlated highly and significantly with wind speed during winter, but not during summer. Ambient temperature and solar radiation were not major meteorological parameters affecting LFG recovery, as low correlation coefficients were observed between these two parameters and the LFG recovery data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Fathi Aghdam
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Charlotte Scheutz
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter Kjeldsen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Taylor DM, Chow FK, Delkash M, Imhoff PT. Atmospheric modeling to assess wind dependence in tracer dilution method measurements of landfill methane emissions. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 73:197-209. [PMID: 29103898 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The short-term temporal variability of landfill methane emissions is not well understood due to uncertainty in measurement methods. Significant variability is seen over short-term measurement campaigns with the tracer dilution method (TDM), but this variability may be due in part to measurement error rather than fluctuations in the actual landfill emissions. In this study, landfill methane emissions and TDM-measured emissions are simulated over a real landfill in Delaware, USA using the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) for two emissions scenarios. In the steady emissions scenario, a constant landfill emissions rate is prescribed at each model grid point on the surface of the landfill. In the unsteady emissions scenario, emissions are calculated at each time step as a function of the local surface wind speed, resulting in variable emissions over each 1.5-h measurement period. The simulation output is used to assess the standard deviation and percent error of the TDM-measured emissions. Eight measurement periods are simulated over two different days to look at different conditions. Results show that standard deviation of the TDM- measured emissions does not increase significantly from the steady emissions simulations to the unsteady emissions scenarios, indicating that the TDM may have inherent errors in its prediction of emissions fluctuations. Results also show that TDM error does not increase significantly from the steady to the unsteady emissions simulations. This indicates that introducing variability to the landfill emissions does not increase errors in the TDM at this site. Across all simulations, TDM errors range from -15% to 43%, consistent with the range of errors seen in previous TDM studies. Simulations indicate diurnal variations of methane emissions when wind effects are significant, which may be important when developing daily and annual emissions estimates from limited field data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane M Taylor
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 205 O'Brien Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-1710, United States.
| | - Fotini K Chow
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 621 Davis Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-1710, United States.
| | - Madjid Delkash
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, 166 DuPont Hall, Newark, DE 19716, United States.
| | - Paul T Imhoff
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, 360 DuPont Hall, Newark, DE 19716, United States.
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13
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Aghdam EF, Fredenslund AM, Chanton J, Kjeldsen P, Scheutz C. Determination of gas recovery efficiency at two Danish landfills by performing downwind methane measurements and stable carbon isotopic analysis. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 73:220-229. [PMID: 29249311 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the total methane (CH4) generation rate and gas recovery efficiency at two Danish landfills were determined by field measurements. The landfills are located close to each other and are connected to the same gas collection system. The tracer gas dispersion method was used for quantification of CH4 emissions from the landfills, while the CH4 oxidation efficiency in the landfill cover layers was determined by stable carbon isotopic technique. The total CH4 generation rate was estimated by a first-order decay model (Afvalzorg) and was compared with the total CH4 generation rate determined by field measurements. CH4 emissions from the two landfills combined ranged from 29.1 to 49.6 kg CH4/h. The CH4 oxidation efficiency was 6-37%, with an average of 18% corresponding to an average CH4 oxidation rate of 8.1 kg CH4/h. The calculated gas recovery efficiency was 59-76%, indicating a high potential for optimization of the gas collection system. Higher gas recovery efficiencies (73-76%) were observed after the commencement of gas extraction from a new section of one of the landfills. A good agreement was observed between the average total CH4 generation rates determined by field measurements (147 kg CH4/h) and those estimated by the Afvalzorg model (154 kg CH4/h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan F Aghdam
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Anders M Fredenslund
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jeffrey Chanton
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, 117 N. Woodward Avenue, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4320, USA
| | - Peter Kjeldsen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Scheutz
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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14
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Lucernoni F, Rizzotto M, Capelli L, Busini V, Del Rosso R, Sironi S. Sampling method for the determination of methane emissions from landfill surfaces. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2017; 35:1034-1044. [PMID: 28784047 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x17721342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The first aim of this work is the definition and the study of a suitable sampling method for the measurement of landfill gas (LFG) emissions from landfill surfaces, since, up to now, there are no codified nor universally accepted sampling methods for this specific task. The studied sampling method is based on the use of a static hood. The research work involves a preliminary theoretical study for the hood design, experimental tests for the definition of the optimal sampling procedures, and simulations of the hood fluid-dynamics for the system validation. The second aim of this study is the investigation of the correlations between LFG emissions and meteorological conditions, whose identification would be very useful in terms of effective landfill management and pollution control. This involved a wide literature study for the selection of those parameters that seem to have an influence on LFG emission, and the collection of a great number of experimental data on a target site, which led to the conclusion that atmospheric pressure and soil humidity are the parameters that mostly affect LFG emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Lucernoni
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Rizzotto
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Capelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Busini
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Milan, Italy
| | - Renato Del Rosso
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Milan, Italy
| | - Selena Sironi
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Milan, Italy
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15
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Wang X, Jia M, Zhang H, Pan S, Kao CM, Chen S. Quantifying N 2O emissions and production pathways from fresh waste during the initial stage of disposal to a landfill. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 63:3-10. [PMID: 27523711 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Intensive nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions usually occur at the working face of landfills. However, the specific amounts and contributions of the multiple pathways to N2O emissions are poorly understood. N2O emissions and the mutual conversions of N-species in both open and sealed simulated landfill reactors filled with fresh refuse were examined during a 100-h incubation period, and N2O sources were calculated using 15N isotope labelling. N2O peak fluxes were above 70μgNkg-1 waste h-1 for both treatments. The sealed incubation reactors became a N2O sink when N2O in the ambient environment was sufficient. The total amount of N2O emissions under sealed conditions was 2.15±0.56mgNkg-1 waste, which was higher than that under open conditions (1.91±0.34mgNkg-1 waste). The NO2- peak appeared prior to the peak in N2O flux. The degree and duration of total nitrogen reduction in open incubations were larger and longer than those of sealed incubations and could possibly be due to oxygen supplementation. Denitrification (DF) was a major source of N2O generation during these incubations. The contribution of the DF pathway decreased from 89.2% to 61.3% during the open incubations. The effects of nitrification (NF) and nitrification-coupled denitrification (NCD) increased during the increasing phase and the decreasing phase of N2O flux, contributing 24.1-37.4% and 31.7-34.4% of total N2O emissions, respectively. In sealed treatments, the DF pathway accounted for more than 90% of the total N2O emission during the entire incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Mingsheng Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Han Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Songqing Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Chih Ming Kao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Shaohua Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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16
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Delkash M, Zhou B, Han B, Chow FK, Rella CW, Imhoff PT. Short-term landfill methane emissions dependency on wind. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 55:288-298. [PMID: 26896003 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Short-term (2-10h) variations of whole-landfill methane emissions have been observed in recent field studies using the tracer dilution method for emissions measurement. To investigate the cause of these variations, the tracer dilution method is applied using 1-min emissions measurements at Sandtown Landfill (Delaware, USA) for a 2-h measurement period. An atmospheric dispersion model is developed for this field test site, which is the first application of such modeling to evaluate atmospheric effects on gas plume transport from landfills. The model is used to examine three possible causes of observed temporal emissions variability: temporal variability of surface wind speed affecting whole landfill emissions, spatial variability of emissions due to local wind speed variations, and misaligned tracer gas release and methane emissions locations. At this site, atmospheric modeling indicates that variation in tracer dilution method emissions measurements may be caused by whole-landfill emissions variation with wind speed. Field data collected over the time period of the atmospheric model simulations corroborate this result: methane emissions are correlated with wind speed on the landfill surface with R(2)=0.51 for data 2.5m above ground, or R(2)=0.55 using data 85m above ground, with emissions increasing by up to a factor of 2 for an approximately 30% increase in wind speed. Although the atmospheric modeling and field test are conducted at a single landfill, the results suggest that wind-induced emissions may affect tracer dilution method emissions measurements at other landfills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madjid Delkash
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States.
| | - Bowen Zhou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1710, United States.
| | - Byunghyun Han
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States.
| | - Fotini K Chow
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1710, United States.
| | - Chris W Rella
- Picarro, Inc., 3105 Patrick Henry Dr, Santa Clara, CA 95054, United States.
| | - Paul T Imhoff
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States.
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17
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Park JK, Kang JY, Lee NH. Estimation of methane emission flux at landfill surface using laser methane detector: Influence of gauge pressure. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2016; 34:784-792. [PMID: 27401161 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x16654976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of measuring methane emission fluxes, using surface methane concentration and gauge pressure, by analyzing the influence of gauge pressure on the methane emission flux and the surface methane concentration, as well as the correlation between the methane emission flux and surface methane concentrations. The surface methane concentration was measured using a laser methane detector. Our results show a positive linear relationship between the surface methane concentration and the methane emission flux. Furthermore, the methane emission flux showed a positive linear relationship with the gauge pressure; this implies that when the surface methane concentration and the surface gauge pressure are measured simultaneously, the methane emission flux can be calculated using Darcy's law. A decrease in the vertical permeability was observed when the gauge pressure was increased, because reducing the vertical permeability may lead to a reduced landfill gas emission to the atmosphere, and landfill gas would be accumulated inside the landfill. Finally, this method is simple and can allow for a greater number of measurements during a relatively shorter period. Thus, it provides a better representation of the significant space and time variations in methane emission fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nam-Hoon Lee
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Anyang University, Republic of Korea
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18
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Gonzalez-Valencia R, Magana-Rodriguez F, Maldonado E, Salinas J, Thalasso F. Detection of hotspots and rapid determination of methane emissions from landfills via a ground-surface method. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:4083. [PMID: 25399118 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-4083-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a method for the rapid determination of methane emissions from landfills based on atmospheric dispersion theory, which suggests that the methane concentration, at a small distance from the soil/atmosphere interface, is proportional to its flux. Thus, after suitable calibration, the determination of methane concentrations close to the ground allows for flux determination in a shorter time than with standard enclosure techniques. This concept was tested using a surface probe in direct contact with the ground. The probe extracts a continuous sample of the air at the probe/ground interface and transports it to a portable methane analyzer. It was observed that stable methane concentrations were measured 30 s after the probe was positioned at the measurement point. These concentrations correlated well with the fluxes measured by standard static chambers. The method was used to determine the fluxes at 217 points within a 90,000 m(2) landfill. These measurements facilitated mapping of the CH4 emissions and the localization of hotspots. We conclude that the method is simple, effective, and relatively quick, compared to existing standard methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gonzalez-Valencia
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. IPN, 2508, Colonia San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, Mexico DF, Mexico
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19
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Kong D, Shan J, Iacoboni M, Maguin SR. Evaluating greenhouse gas impacts of organic waste management options using life cycle assessment. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2012; 30:800-812. [PMID: 22588112 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x12440479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to divert organics away from landfills are viewed by many as an important measure to significantly reduce the climate change impacts of municipal solid waste management. However, the actual greenhouse gas (GHG) impacts of organics diversion from landfills have yet to be thoroughly evaluated and whether such a diversion provides significant environmental benefits in terms of GHG impacts must be answered. This study, using California-specific information, aimed to analyse the GHG impacts of organics diversion through a life-cycle assessment (LCA). This LCA considered all aspects of organics management including transportation, materials handling, GHG emissions, landfill gas capture/utilization, energy impacts, and carbon sequestration. The LCA study evaluated overall GHG impacts of landfilling, and alternative management options such as composting and anaerobic digestion for diverted organic waste. The LCA analysis resulted in net GHG reductions of 0.093, 0.048, 0.065 and 0.073 tonnes carbon equivalent per tonne organic waste for landfilling, windrow composting, aerated static pile composting, and anaerobic digestion, respectively. This study confirms that all three options for organics management result in net reductions of GHG emissions, but it also shows that organics landfilling, when well-managed, generates greater GHG reductions. The LCA provides scientific insight with regards to the environmental impacts of organics management options, which should be considered in decision and policy-making. The study also highlights the importance of how site and case-specific conditions influence project outcomes when considering organic waste management options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dung Kong
- Solid Waste Management Department, Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts, Whittier, CA, USA.
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20
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Schroth MH, Eugster W, Gómez KE, Gonzalez-Gil G, Niklaus PA, Oester P. Above- and below-ground methane fluxes and methanotrophic activity in a landfill-cover soil. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2012; 32:879-889. [PMID: 22143049 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Landfills are a major anthropogenic source of the greenhouse gas methane (CH(4)). However, much of the CH(4) produced during the anaerobic degradation of organic waste is consumed by methanotrophic microorganisms during passage through the landfill-cover soil. On a section of a closed landfill near Liestal, Switzerland, we performed experiments to compare CH(4) fluxes obtained by different methods at or above the cover-soil surface with below-ground fluxes, and to link methanotrophic activity to estimates of CH(4) ingress (loading) from the waste body at selected locations. Fluxes of CH(4) into or out of the cover soil were quantified by eddy-covariance and static flux-chamber measurements. In addition, CH(4) concentrations at the soil surface were monitored using a field-portable FID detector. Near-surface CH(4) fluxes and CH(4) loading were estimated from soil-gas concentration profiles in conjunction with radon measurements, and gas push-pull tests (GPPTs) were performed to quantify rates of microbial CH(4) oxidation. Eddy-covariance measurements yielded by far the largest and probably most representative estimates of overall CH(4) emissions from the test section (daily mean up to ∼91,500μmolm(-2)d(-1)), whereas flux-chamber measurements and CH(4) concentration profiles indicated that at the majority of locations the cover soil was a net sink for atmospheric CH(4) (uptake up to -380μmolm(-2)d(-1)) during the experimental period. Methane concentration profiles also indicated strong variability in CH(4) loading over short distances in the cover soil, while potential methanotrophic activity derived from GPPTs was high (v(max)∼13mmolL(-1)(soil air)h(-1)) at a location with substantial CH(4) loading. Our results provide a basis to assess spatial and temporal variability of CH(4) dynamics in the complex terrain of a landfill-cover soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Schroth
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
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21
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Bogner JE, Spokas KA, Chanton JP. Seasonal greenhouse gas emissions (methane, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide) from engineered landfills: daily, intermediate, and final California cover soils. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2011; 40:1010-1020. [PMID: 21546687 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2010.0407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Compared with natural ecosystems and managed agricultural systems, engineered landfills represent a highly managed soil system for which there has been no systematic quantification of emissions from coexisting daily, intermediate, and final cover materials. We quantified the seasonal variability of CH, CO, and NO emissions from fresh refuse (no cover) and daily, intermediate, and final cover materials at northern and southern California landfill sites with engineered gas extraction systems. Fresh refuse fluxes (g m d [± SD]) averaged CH 0.053 (± 0.03), CO 135 (± 117), and NO 0.063 (± 0.059). Average CH emissions across all cover types and wet/dry seasons ranged over more than four orders of magnitude (<0.01-100 g m d) with most cover types, including both final covers, averaging <0.1 g m d with 10 to 40% of surface areas characterized by negative fluxes (uptake of atmospheric CH). The northern California intermediate cover (50 cm) had the highest CH fluxes. For both the intermediate (50-100 cm) and final (>200 cm) cover materials, below which methanogenesis was well established, the variability in gaseous fluxes was attributable to cover thickness, texture, density, and seasonally variable soil moisture and temperature at suboptimal conditions for CH oxidation. Thin daily covers (30 cm local soil) and fresh refuse generally had the highest CO and NO fluxes, indicating rapid onset of aerobic and semi-aerobic processes in recently buried refuse, with rates similar to soil ecosystems and windrow composting of organic waste. This study has emphasized the need for more systematic field quantification of seasonal emissions from multiple types of engineered covers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean E Bogner
- Dep. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Illinois at Chicago, Taylor, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
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22
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Tallec G, Bureau C, Peu P, Benoist JC, Lemunier M, Budka A, Presse D, Bouchez T. Impact of nitrate-enhanced leachate recirculation on gaseous releases from a landfill bioreactor cell. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2009; 29:2078-2084. [PMID: 19297142 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2009.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2008] [Revised: 01/18/2009] [Accepted: 01/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the impact of nitrate injection on a full scale landfill bioreactor through the monitoring of gaseous releases and particularly N(2)O emissions. During several weeks, we monitored gas concentrations in the landfill gas collection system as well as surface gas releases with a series of seven static chambers. These devices were directly connected to a gas chromatograph coupled to a flame ionisation detector and an electron capture detector (GC-FID/ECD) placed directly on the field. Measurements were performed before, during and after recirculation of raw leachate and nitrate-enhanced leachate. Raw leachate recirculation did not have a significant effect on the biogas concentrations (CO(2), CH(4) and N(2)O) in the gas extraction network. However, nitrate-enhanced leachate recirculation induced a marked increase of the N(2)O concentrations in the gas collected from the recirculation trench (100-fold increase from 0.2 ppm to 23 ppm). In the common gas collection system however, this N(2)O increase was no more detectable because of dilution by gas coming from other cells or ambient air intrusion. Surface releases through the temporary cover were characterized by a large spatial and temporal variability. One automated chamber gave limited standard errors over each experimental period for N(2)O releases: 8.1 +/- 0.16 mg m(-2) d(-1) (n = 384), 4.2 +/- 0.14 mg m(-2) d(-1) (n = 132) and 1.9 +/- 0.10 mg m(-2) d(-1) (n = 49), during, after raw leachate and nitrate-enhanced leachate recirculation, respectively. No clear correlation between N(2)O gaseous surface releases and recirculation events were evidenced. Estimated N(2)O fluxes remained in the lower range of what is reported in the literature for landfill covers, even after nitrate injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tallec
- Cemagref, UR HBAN, Parc de Tourvoie, BP44, F-92163 Antony, France
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23
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Zhu S, Chan GYS, Cai KL, Qu LH, Huang LN. Leachates from municipal solid waste disposal sites harbor similar, novel nitrogen-cycling bacterial communities. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2007; 267:236-42. [PMID: 17169002 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00560.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
High emissions of nitrous oxide (N(2)O) have recently been documented at municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills. However, the biodiversity of the bacterial populations involved remains unexplored. In this study, we investigated communities of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and denitrifying bacteria associated with the leachates from three MSW disposal sites by examining the diversity of the ammonia monooxygenase structural gene amoA and the nitrous oxide reductase gene nosZ, respectively. Cloning and phylogenetic analysis of the functional genes revealed novel and similar groups of prokaryotes involved in nitrogen cycling in the leachates with different chemical compositions. All amoA sequences recovered grouped within the Nitrosomonas europaea cluster in the Betaproteobacteria, with the vast majority showed only relatively moderate sequence similarities to known AOB but were exclusively most similar to environmental clones previously retrieved from wastewater treatment plants. All nosZ sequences retrieved did not cluster with any hitherto reported nosZ genes and were only remotely related to recognized denitrifiers from the Gammaproteobacteria and thus could not be affiliated. Significant overlap was found for the three denitrifying nosZ leachate communities. Our study suggests a significant selection of the novel N-cycling groups by the unique environment at these MSW disposal sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou, China
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24
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Powelson DK, Chanton JP, Abichou T. Methane oxidation in biofilters measured by mass-balance and stable isotope methods. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2007; 41:620-5. [PMID: 17310731 DOI: 10.1021/es061656g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous flux and isotope measurements on compost and sand biofilters showed that the fraction of CH4 oxidized, calculated from delta13C measurements using a closed system model (f(oxir,C)), averaged only 0.455 of the fraction oxidized based on mass-balance measurements (f(oxm)). The discrepancy between f(oxm) and f(oxir,C) may be partly due to complete oxidation of a portion of the inflow gas, thereby eliminating its contribution to the emitted methane on which isotopic measurements are conducted. To relate f(oxir,C) and f(oxm) a simple binary closed-system model is proposed that assumes that f(oxir,C) refers to only part of the inflow, P, and that the remainder of inflow (1 - P) is completely oxidized before reaching the outlet. This model is compared to the standard open-system model. The H-isotope fraction oxidized (f(oxir,H)) was determined for a subset of samples and found to be not significantly different from f(oxir,C). The carbon isotope fractionation factor, alphaox,C = 1.0244, and the H-isotope fractionation factor, alphaox,H = 1.2370, were determined by incubation studies. Delta13C measurements indicated that the emitted flow was more strongly oxidized by the compost biofilters (f(oxir,C) = 0.362, f(oxm) = 0.757) than the sand biofilters (f(oxir,C) = 0.222, f(oxm) = 0.609).
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Powelson
- Department of Oceanography, 0102 OSB, West Call Street, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA.
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