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Masod MB, El-Fiqi A, Ebiad MA. Encapsulation of activated carbon into calcium alginate microspheres toward granular-activated carbon adsorbents for elemental mercury capture from natural gas. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-28176-7. [PMID: 37318735 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28176-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Activated carbon (AC) is an effective adsorbent for removing environmental pollutants. However, the traditional powder form of AC shows difficulty in handling during application which widely limits its utilization on the industrial scale. Herein, to avoid such limitation, traditional AC powder was encapsulated into calcium alginate (CA) microspheres. Calcium alginate/activated carbon (CAA) composite microspheres were prepared via cross-linking of sodium alginate/activated carbon composite solutions in a calcium chloride solution. Furthermore, in order to boost adsorption affinity of CAA composite microspheres toward elemental mercury (Hg°), ammonium iodide (NH4I)-treated calcium alginate/activated carbon (NCA) composite microspheres were obtained by a simple impregnation method using NH4I treatment. The morphological, structural, and textural properties of the microspheres were characterized and their Hg° adsorptive capacity was tested at different temperatures. Interestingly, the maximum adsorption capacity of NCA adsorbent composite microspheres was determined as 36,056.5 μg/g at a flow rate of 250 mL/min, temperature of 25 °C, and 500 μg/Nm3 of Hg° initial concentration. The Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) for NCA adsorbent composite microspheres varied from - 8.59 to - 10.54 kJ/mol indicating a spontaneous adsorption process with an exothermic nature. The experimental Hg° breakthrough curve correlated well with Yoon‒Nelson and Thomas models. The breakthrough time (tb) and equilibrium time (te) were found to be 7.5 days and 23 days, respectively. Collectively, the findings of this work indicate a good feasibility of using NCA composite microspheres as potential adsorbents for removing Hg° from natural gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Bakry Masod
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City, 11727, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Fiqi
- Glass Research Department, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A Ebiad
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City, 11727, Cairo, Egypt
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Ebiad MA, Abd El-Hafiz DR, Masod MB. β-FeOOH/C nanocomposite for elemental mercury removal as a new approach to environmental and natural gas processes. JOURNAL OF NATURAL GAS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020; 80:103383. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jngse.2020.103383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Johari K, Saman N, Song ST, Cheu SC, Kong H, Mat H. Development of coconut pith chars towards high elemental mercury adsorption performance - Effect of pyrolysis temperatures. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 156:56-68. [PMID: 27160635 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, chars from coconut pith (CP) were prepared aiming for superior adsorption towards elemental mercury (Hg(o)). The yield, proximate analysis, textural characteristics, surface functional groups and elemental composition analyses of the chars produced at pyrolysis temperature of 300 °C, 500 °C, 700 °C and 900 °C were compared. The surface area, pore volume, ash and carbon content of chars increased, while the yield and moisture content decreased with increasing pyrolysis temperatures. The changing of physical and chemical properties of the chars produced at variety pyrolysis temperature was much effect on the Hg(o) adsorption performance and definitely provides important information on the Hg(o) adsorption mechanism. The highest Hg(o) adsorption capacity was observed for CP900 (6067.49 μg/g), followed by CP700 (2395.98 μg/g), CP500 (289.76 μg/g), CP300 (1.68 μg/g), and CP (0.73 μg/g). The equilibrium data were well described by the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model. The pseudo-second order best described the kinetic data of the Hg(o) adsorption onto CP and CP300. For chars produced at higher pyrolysis temperature, however, the pseudo-zero order and pseudo-second order fitted well for the adsorption and breakthrough regions, respectively. The Hg(o) adsorption capacity of chars obtained from high pyrolysis temperature of CP significantly outperformed the commercial activated carbon (Darco KB-B) as well as superior to chars reported in the literature indicating the CP can be used as a precursor for preparation of chars as elemental mercury adsorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khairiraihanna Johari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Norasikin Saman
- Advanced Materials and Process Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Shiow Tien Song
- Advanced Materials and Process Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Siew Chin Cheu
- Advanced Materials and Process Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Helen Kong
- Advanced Materials and Process Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Hanapi Mat
- Advanced Materials and Process Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Advanced Materials and Separation Technologies (AMSET) Research Group, Health and Wellness Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
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Johari K, Saman N, Tien SS, Chin CS, Kong H, Mat H. Removal of Elemental Mercury by Coconut Pith Char Adsorbents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2016.06.588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Johari K, Saman N, Tien Song S, Mat H. Adsorption Equilibrium and Kinetics of Elemental Mercury onto Coconut Pith. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/jest.2015.74.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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