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Wang Z, Zhang M, Li J, Wang J, Sun G, Yang G, Li J. Effect of biochar with various pore characteristics on heavy metal passivation and microbiota development during pig manure composting. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 352:120048. [PMID: 38246105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the porosity of biochar (BC) that promotes the heavy metal (HM) passivation during composting can contribute to the sustainable management of pig manure (PM). The current work aimed to explore the influence of BC with varying pore sizes on the physicochemical properties and morphological changes of HMs (including Zn, Cu, Cr, As, and Hg), and microbiota development during PM composting. The various pore sizes of BC were generated by pyrolyzing pine wood at 400 (T1), 500 (T2), 600 (T3) and 700 (T4) °C, respectively. The results revealed a positive correlation between specific surface area of BC and pyrolysis temperature. BC addition contributed to a significantly extended compost warming rate and duration of high-temperature period, as well as HM passivation, reflected in the decrease in Exc-Zn (63-34%) and Red-Cu (28-13%) content, and the conversion of Oxi-Cr (29-21%) and Red-Hg (16-5%) to more stable forms. Moreover, BC at T4 exhibited the best effect on Zn and Cu passivation due to the highest specific surface area (380.03 m2/g). In addition to its impact on HM passivation, BC addition improved the microbial environment during PM composting, leading to enhanced microbial diversity and richness. Notably, Chloroflexi and Bacteroidota played key roles in promoting the transformation of Exc-Cu and Red-Hg into stable forms. This phenomenon further stimulated the enhanced decomposition of organic matter (OM) when BC prepared at 600-700 °C was added. Therefore, it can be concluded that the regulation of BC porosity is an effective strategy to improve HM passivation and the overall effectiveness of PM composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ju Li
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jiamin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Guotao Sun
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China.
| | - Gongshe Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianming Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
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Application of Optimization and Modeling for the Enhancement of Composting Processes. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10020229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Composting is a more environmentally friendly and cost-effective alternative to digesting organic waste and turning it into organic fertilizer. It is a biological process in which polymeric waste materials contained in organic waste are biodegraded by fungi and bacteria. Temperature, pH, moisture content, C/N ratio, particle size, nutrient content and oxygen supply all have an impact on the efficiency of the composting process. To achieve optimal composting efficiency, all of these variables and their interactions must be considered. To this end, statistical optimization techniques and mathematical modeling approaches have been developed over the years. In this paper, an overview of optimization and mathematical modeling approaches in the field of composting processes is presented. The advantages and limitations of optimization and mathematical modeling for improving composting processes are also addressed.
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