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Kim DR, Lai TF, Sung M, Jang M, Shin YK, Ra YJ, Liao Y, Park JH, Shin MJ. Effect of information and communication technology-based smart care services for physical and cognitive functions in older adults living alone: A quasi-experimental study. J Nutr Health Aging 2024; 28:100318. [PMID: 39025018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the global population ages and the number of older adults living alone increases, societies face the responsibility of building new support systems and providing novel forms of care to ensure the independence and happiness of sick or frail older individuals. This quasi-experimental study examined the association between information and communication technology-based smart care services and the physical and cognitive functions of older individuals living alone. METHODS This study used a suite of smart technologies (artificial intelligence speaker, radar sensor, and personalized exercise App.) and interventions tailored to the initial physical functional scores of the participants. A total of 176 participants were recruited and assigned, with 88 participants in the intervention group and 88 in the control group. The short physical performance battery (SPPB), the digit span test (DST), and the Korean mini-mental state examination (K-MMSE) were used to assess participants before and after 12 weeks. RESULTS No significant differences in gender, age, or educational levels were observed between the intervention and control groups. After adjusting for baseline performance, analysis of covariance revealed that the intervention group exhibited better outcomes in the SPPB five-time chair stand score (adjusted score difference: 0.329; P = 0.044) and the backward DST (adjusted score difference: 0.472; P = 0.007), but had lower score of K-MMSE (adjusted score difference: -0.935; P = 0.021), indicating enhanced lower limb muscle strength and cognitive function in working memory. CONCLUSION ICT-based smart care services, combined with personalized exercise interventions, significantly support the physical and cognitive health of solitary older individuals. This approach highlights the potential of integrating smart technology and targeted physical activity to foster the well-being of the aging population living alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du-Ri Kim
- Health Convergence Medicine Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea; Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School, Inje University, Gimhae, 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Ting-Fu Lai
- Health Convergence Medicine Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Sung
- Health Convergence Medicine Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Minwoo Jang
- Health Convergence Medicine Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo-Kyung Shin
- Health Convergence Medicine Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Ra
- Health Convergence Medicine Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea; Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Liao
- Graduate Institute of Sport, Leisure and Hospitality Management, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Jong-Hwan Park
- Health Convergence Medicine Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myung-Jun Shin
- Health Convergence Medicine Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Aksu S, Indahlastari A, O'Shea A, Marsiske M, Cohen R, Alexander GE, DeKosky ST, Hishaw GA, Dai Y, Wu SS, Woods AJ. Facilitation of working memory capacity by transcranial direct current stimulation: a secondary analysis from the augmenting cognitive training in older adults (ACT) study. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01205-0. [PMID: 38789832 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is a public health concern with an ever-increasing magnitude worldwide. An array of neuroscience-based approaches like transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and cognitive training have garnered attention in the last decades to ameliorate the effects of cognitive aging in older adults. This study evaluated the effects of 3 months of bilateral tDCS over the frontal cortices with multimodal cognitive training on working memory capacity. Two hundred ninety-two older adults without dementia were allocated to active or sham tDCS paired with cognitive training. These participants received repeated sessions of bilateral tDCS over the bilateral frontal cortices, combined with multimodal cognitive training. Working memory capacity was assessed with the digit span forward, backward, and sequencing tests. No baseline differences between active and sham groups were observed. Multiple linear regressions indicated more improvement of the longest digit span backward from baseline to post-intervention (p = 0.021) and a trend towards greater improvement (p = 0.056) of the longest digit span backward from baseline to 1 year in the active tDCS group. No significant between-group changes were observed for digit span forward or digit span sequencing. The present results provide evidence for the potential for tDCS paired with cognitive training to remediate age-related declines in working memory capacity. These findings are sourced from secondary outcomes in a large randomized clinical trial and thus deserve future targeted investigation in older adult populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Aksu
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey.
| | - Aprinda Indahlastari
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Andrew O'Shea
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michael Marsiske
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ronald Cohen
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Gene E Alexander
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Programs, and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona and Arizona Alzheimer's Disease Consortium, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Psychology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Steven T DeKosky
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Georg A Hishaw
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Programs, and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona and Arizona Alzheimer's Disease Consortium, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Yunfeng Dai
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Samuel S Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Adam J Woods
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Jiang X, Wang X, He L, Gu Q, Wei X, Xu M, Sullivan WC. Effects of virtual exposure to urban greenways on mental health. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1256897. [PMID: 38455519 PMCID: PMC10917941 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1256897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Urban greenways (UGW) are increasingly recognized as vital components of urban green infrastructure (UGI). While existing research has provided empirical evidence on the positive impacts of UGW on physical health, studies focusing on the effects on mental health remain limited. Moreover, previous investigations predominantly compare UGW as a whole with other built environments, neglecting the influence of specific vegetation designs along UGW on mental health. To address this research gap, we conducted a randomized controlled experiment to examine the impact of vegetation design along UGW on stress reduction and attention restoration. A total of 94 participants were randomly assigned to one of four UGW conditions: grassland, shrubs, grassland and trees, or shrubs and trees. Utilizing immersive virtual reality (VR) technology, participants experienced UGW through a 5-min video presentation. We measured participants' subjective and objective stress levels and attentional functioning at three time-points: baseline, pre-video watching, and post-video watching. The experimental procedure lasted approximately 40 minutes. Results of the repeated-measures ANOVA revealed that participants experienced increased stress and mental fatigue after the stressor and decreased levels following the UGW intervention. Furthermore, between-group analyses demonstrated that the shrubs group and the grassland and trees group exhibited significantly greater stress reduction than the grassland group. However, there are no significant differences in attention restoration effects between the four groups. In conclusion, virtual exposure to UGW featuring vegetation on both sides positively affected stress reduction and attention restoration. It is recommended that future UGW construction incorporates diverse vegetation designs, including shrubs or trees, instead of solely relying on grassland. More research is needed to explore the combined effects of shrubs and trees on mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrong Jiang
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Landscape Architecture, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Xiaocan Wang
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linxin He
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingrui Gu
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Wei
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengfei Xu
- School of Law and Sociology, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - William C. Sullivan
- Department of Landscape Architecture, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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Wu T, Weiland C, McCormick M, Hsueh J, Snow C, Sachs J. One Score to Rule Them All? Comparing the Predictive and Concurrent Validity of 30 Hearts and Flowers Scoring Approaches. Assessment 2024:10731911241229566. [PMID: 38361250 DOI: 10.1177/10731911241229566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The Hearts and Flowers (H&F) task is a computerized executive functioning (EF) assessment that has been used to measure EF from early childhood to adulthood. It provides data on accuracy and reaction time (RT) across three different task blocks (hearts, flowers, and mixed). However, there is a lack of consensus in the field on how to score the task that makes it difficult to interpret findings across studies. The current study, which includes a demographically diverse population of kindergarteners from Boston Public Schools (N = 946), compares the predictive and concurrent validity of 30 ways of scoring H&F, each with a different combination of accuracy, RT, and task block(s). Our exploratory results provide evidence supporting the use of a two-vector average score based on Zelazo et al.'s approach of adding accuracy and RT scores together only after individuals pass a certain accuracy threshold. Findings have implications for scoring future tablet-based developmental assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Catherine Snow
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Nicastri M, Dincer D'Alessandro H, Baccolini V, Migliara G, Sciurti A, De Vito C, Ranucci L, Giallini I, Greco A, Mancini P. Executive functions in preschool and school-age cochlear implant users: do they differ from their hearing peers? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 281:579-600. [PMID: 37816839 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-023-08260-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Executive functions (EF) play a fundamental role in planning and executing goal-driven behaviours. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate EF skills mastered by preschool/school-age cochlear implanted children (CIC) without morpho-functional abnormalities and to compare their outcomes with typically hearing children (THC). METHODS Bibliographic search for observational studies of any language/date up to 16 December 2022 was performed with the following electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. After removal of duplicates, 2442 records were subjected to a three-stage screening process and 83 potentially eligible articles were identified. A total of 15 studies was included in the final analysis: 9 articles directly meeting the eligibility criteria plus 6 more studies thanks to the authors sharing their data set, specifically for participants who met present inclusion criteria. RESULTS Meta-analysis showed a statistically significant difference only for verbal short-term memory, whereas group differences for visuospatial short-term memory and verbal/visuospatial working memory were not significant. For fluency skills, meta-analysis revealed statistical significance for the semantic fluency task but not for the rapid naming test. Qualitative analysis reflected group similarities in flexibility but CIC's difficulties in auditory attention/planning skills. Controversial findings for inhibitory control skills were observed. CONCLUSIONS EF performance comparisons between CIC and THC show inter-skill and inter-test variances. Due to the paucity of existing studies, present findings should be interpreted with caution. Future research in this domain is strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nicastri
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Hilal Dincer D'Alessandro
- Department of Audiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Valentina Baccolini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Migliara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Sciurti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Corrado De Vito
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Ranucci
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Giallini
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Greco
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Mancini
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Wang S, Wong LLN. An Exploration of the Memory Performance in Older Adult Hearing Aid Users on the Integrated Digit-in-Noise Test. Trends Hear 2024; 28:23312165241253653. [PMID: 38715401 PMCID: PMC11080745 DOI: 10.1177/23312165241253653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to preliminarily investigate the associations between performance on the integrated Digit-in-Noise Test (iDIN) and performance on measures of general cognition and working memory (WM). The study recruited 81 older adult hearing aid users between 60 and 95 years of age with bilateral moderate to severe hearing loss. The Chinese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Basic (MoCA-BC) was used to screen older adults for mild cognitive impairment. Speech reception thresholds (SRTs) were measured using 2- to 5-digit sequences of the Mandarin iDIN. The differences in SRT between five-digit and two-digit sequences (SRT5-2), and between five-digit and three-digit sequences (SRT5-3), were used as indicators of memory performance. The results were compared to those from the Digit Span Test and Corsi Blocks Tapping Test, which evaluate WM and attention capacity. SRT5-2 and SRT5-3 demonstrated significant correlations with the three cognitive function tests (rs ranging from -.705 to -.528). Furthermore, SRT5-2 and SRT5-3 were significantly higher in participants who failed the MoCA-BC screening compared to those who passed. The findings show associations between performance on the iDIN and performance on memory tests. However, further validation and exploration are needed to fully establish its effectiveness and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangqiguo Wang
- Unit of Human Communication, Development, and Information Sciences, Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Lena L. N. Wong
- Unit of Human Communication, Development, and Information Sciences, Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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Moshel ML, Warburton WA, Batchelor J, Bennett JM, Ko KY. Neuropsychological Deficits in Disordered Screen Use Behaviours: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Neuropsychol Rev 2023:10.1007/s11065-023-09612-4. [PMID: 37695451 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-023-09612-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, excessive and disordered screen use has become more prevalent, prompting investigations into its associated consequences. The extent to which disordered screen use behaviours impact neuropsychological functioning has been reportedly mixed and at times inconsistent. This review sought to synthesise the literature and estimate the magnitude of overall cognitive impairment across a wide range of disordered screen use behaviours. We also sought to determine the cognitive domains most impacted, and whether the observed impairments were moderated by the classification of screen-related behaviours (i.e., Internet or gaming) or the format of cognitive test administration (i.e., paper-and-pencil or computerised). A systematic search of databases (Embase, PsycINFO, MEDLINE) identified 43 cross-sectional articles that assessed neuropsychological performance in disordered screen use populations, 34 of which were included in the meta-analysis. A random-effects meta-analysis revealed significant small/medium (g = .38) cognitive deficits for individuals with disordered screen use behaviours relative to controls. The most affected cognitive domain with a significant medium effect size (g = .50) was attention and focus followed by a significant reduction in executive functioning (g = .31). The classification of disordered screen use behaviours into Internet or gaming categories or the format of cognitive testing did not moderate these deficits. Additionally, excluding disordered social media use in an exploratory analysis had little effect on the observed outcomes. This study highlights a number of methodological considerations that may have contributed to disparate findings and shows that disordered screen use can significantly impact cognitive performance. Recommendations for future research are also discussed. Data for this study can be found at https://osf.io/upeha/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Michoel L Moshel
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Wayne A Warburton
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jennifer Batchelor
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joanne M Bennett
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katherine Y Ko
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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Papatsimpas V, Vrouva S, Papathanasiou G, Papadopoulou M, Bouzineki C, Kanellopoulou S, Moutafi D, Bakalidou D. Does Therapeutic Exercise Support Improvement in Cognitive Function and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living in Patients with Mild Alzheimer's Disease? A Randomized Controlled Trial. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1112. [PMID: 37509042 PMCID: PMC10377697 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13071112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This randomized controlled trial aims to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of therapeutic exercise on cognitive function and daily activities in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD). A total of 171 patients with mild AD from the Amarousion Day Care Center of the Alzheimer Society of Athens and the Athens General Hospital "G. Gennimatas" were randomly divided into three groups. Group A (aerobic and resistance exercise, n = 57), group B (resistance exercise, n = 57), and group C (control group, n = 57). Group A followed a weekly program consisting of 5 days with 30 min walking and 3 days with resistance exercises for about 45 min. Group B followed only a resistance exercise program, the same as group A. Group C did not participate in any exercise program. After the intervention, cognitive function was assessed with the Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R), Trail Making Test A-B (TMT A-B), and Digit Span Test Forward and Backward (DST F-B) and daily activities with the instrumental activities of daily living scale (IADLs). A significant intervention effect was observed for all outcome measures (global cognitive function and instrumental activities of daily living). ANCOVA Bonferroni corrected post hoc tests revealed that the aerobic and resistance group improved compared to the control group on all measurement scales. The resistance group also showed an improvement compared to the control group. No significant effects were found between the aerobic and resistance group and the resistance group in any of the outcome measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Papatsimpas
- Physiotherapy Department, School of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica (UNIWA), 12243 Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Study of Motion (LANECASM), School of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica (UNIWA), 12243 Athens, Greece
- Department of Physical Therapy, General Hospital of Athens G. GENNIMATAS, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Sotiria Vrouva
- Physiotherapy Department, School of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica (UNIWA), 12243 Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Study of Motion (LANECASM), School of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica (UNIWA), 12243 Athens, Greece
- Department of Physical Therapy, 401 Army General Hospital of Athens, 11525 Athens, Greece
| | - George Papathanasiou
- Physiotherapy Department, School of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica (UNIWA), 12243 Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Study of Motion (LANECASM), School of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica (UNIWA), 12243 Athens, Greece
| | - Marianna Papadopoulou
- Physiotherapy Department, School of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica (UNIWA), 12243 Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Study of Motion (LANECASM), School of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica (UNIWA), 12243 Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Dimitra Moutafi
- Pathological Department, General Hospital Konstantopouleio, 14233 Nea Ionia, Greece
| | - Daphne Bakalidou
- Physiotherapy Department, School of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica (UNIWA), 12243 Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Study of Motion (LANECASM), School of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica (UNIWA), 12243 Athens, Greece
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The Effects of Aerobic and Resistance Exercises on the Cognitive and Physical Function of Persons with Mild Dementia: A Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11050677. [PMID: 36900682 PMCID: PMC10000686 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11050677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia causes deterioration in cognitive and physical functions. The scope of this study is to investigate the effect of different exercise programs on cognitive functions and functionality of persons suffering from mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) by generating information on the exercise types and their parameters. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) will be performed involving aerobic and resistance exercise interventions, taking place both at the sample collection center and at home. Participants will be randomly divided into two different intervention groups and a control group. All groups will be assessed twice; once at baseline and once after 12 weeks. The primary outcome shall comprise the effect of exercise programs on cognitive functions using cognitive testing, such as Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revisited (ACE-R), Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Trail Making Test A-Β (TMT A-B), and Digit Span Test (DST): Digit Span Forward (DSF) and Digit Span Backward (DSB). The effect on functionality will be assessed using the Senior Fitness Test (SFT), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (IADL) questionnaire. Secondary outcomes include the effect of exercise on depression using the Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15), on physical activity using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), as well as the participants' compliance with the intervention. This study will investigate the possible effect of intervention of different exercise types and the comparison between them. Exercise forms a low-cost and reduced-risk intervention.
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Li Y, Chen X, Zhang Q, Xu W, Li J, Ji F, Dong Q, Chen C, Li J. Effects of working memory span training on top-down attentional asymmetry at both neural and behavioral levels. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:5937-5946. [PMID: 36617305 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The leftward asymmetry of the visual field and posterior brain regions, a feature of the normal attention process, can be strengthened by brain stimulation, e.g. administering alpha frequency stimulation to the left posterior cortex. However, whether it can be strengthened by cognitive training, especially with nonlateralized tasks, is unknown. We used a dataset from a 2-month-long randomized controlled trial and compared the control group with 2 training groups trained with backward or forward memory span tasks. A lateralized change detection task with varied memory loads was administered as the pre-, mid-, and post-tests with simultaneous electroencephalographic recording. Intrasubject response variability (IRV) and the alpha modulation index (MI) were calculated. Analysis of IRV showed more enhanced leftward attentional bias in the backward group than in the other groups. Consistently, analysis of MI found that its enhancements in the left hemisphere (but not the right hemisphere) of the backward group were significantly higher than those of the other groups. Further analysis revealed that left MI changes predicted left IRV improvement. All of these results indicated that backward memory span training enhanced leftward attentional asymmetry at both the behavioral and neural levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, No.19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Xiongying Chen
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, No.5, Ankang Hutong, Xicheng District, Beijing 100088, P.R. China
| | - Qiumei Zhang
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, 45# Jianshe South Road, Jining, Shandong 272013, P.R. China
| | - Wending Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, No.19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Jin Li
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 95 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, P.R. China.,National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 95 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Feng Ji
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, 45# Jianshe South Road, Jining, Shandong 272013, P.R. China
| | - Qi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, No.19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Chuansheng Chen
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, 4201 Social & Behavioral Sciences Gateway,CA 92697, United States
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, No.19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
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Ishida J, Murai T, Ueda K, Furukawa TA, Tanemura R. Utility of a novel tablet computer software for memory impairment in participants with brain injuries: A randomized control trial. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2023; 33:85-102. [PMID: 34635005 DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2021.1987276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effectiveness of a novel information and communication technology (ICT) tool developed for external memory compensation to improve memory function in participants with brain injuries. In this 3-month randomized control study, participants with memory impairment secondary to brain injury were randomly assigned on a 1:1 basis to either intervention (the ICT tool [ARATA]) or 3-month waitlist control groups. This study's primary outcome measure was memory-related difficulties in everyday life, assessed using the Everyday Memory Checklist (EMC). Secondary outcomes included tests for memory function and psychosocial status, all of which were administered by blinded assessors. Seventy-eight participants (53 males, 25 females; mean age, 43.5 ± 12.7 [SD] years) were enrolled and 39 participants were allocated to each group (intervention and control). There was no significant difference in EMC scores between the two groups throughout the study (mean 0.26; 95% CI: -2.55-3.07; p=0.853); however, the intervention group scored significantly higher on the Rivermead Behavioural Memory and General Self-Efficacy tests compared to the control group. While the ICT tool did not improve the primary study outcome, evidence suggests that the ICT tool can improve memory functions related to activities of daily living.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Ishida
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Toshiya Murai
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keita Ueda
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of medical Welfare, Kyoto Koka Women's University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiaki A Furukawa
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rumi Tanemura
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hyogo, Japan
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12
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Zainal NH, Newman MG. Elevated Anxious and Depressed Mood Relates to Future Executive Dysfunction in Older Adults: A Longitudinal Network Analysis of Psychopathology and Cognitive Functioning. Clin Psychol Sci 2022; 11:218-238. [PMID: 36993876 PMCID: PMC10046395 DOI: 10.1177/21677026221114076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Vulnerability models posit that executive-functioning (EF) problems centrally affect future common (vs. rare) psychopathology symptoms. Conversely, scar theory postulates that depression/anxiety (vs. other psychopathology) symptoms centrally influence reduced EF. However, most studies so far have been cross-sectional. We used cross-lagged panel network analysis to determine temporal and component-to-component relations on this topic. Community older adults participated across four time points. Cognitive tests and the caregiver-rated Neuropsychiatric Inventory assessed nine psychopathology and eight cognitive-functioning nodes. Nodes with the highest bridge expected influence cross-sectionally were agitation and episodic memory. Episodic memory had the strongest inverse relation with age. Agitation had the strongest negative association with global cognition. EF nodes tended to be centrally affected by prior depressed and anxious moods rather than influential on any future nodes. Heightened anxious and depressed mood (vs. other nodes) centrally predicted future decreased EF-related (vs. non-EF-related) nodes in older adults, supporting scar (vs. vulnerability) theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Hani Zainal
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School
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13
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Effects of square-stepping exercise on executive function in individuals with Parkinson's disease: A randomized controlled pilot study. Geriatr Nurs 2022; 47:273-279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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14
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Sanchez-Lara E, Lozano-Ruiz A, Perez-Garcia M, Caracuel A. Efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions in cognitive function in the elderly people: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging Ment Health 2022; 26:1699-1709. [PMID: 34587844 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2021.1976724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The main objective was to determine the efficacy of Mindfulness-Based Interventions in improving the cognitive function of older adults (healthy adults or adults with mild cognitive impairment). METHODS A search was conducted in 4 databases. The effect sizes were extracted to perform a meta-analysis of the cognitive functions, as well as subgroup meta-analyses according to each domain: attention, memory and executive function. RESULTS The meta-analysis of cognitive functions showed an average effect size of g = .07, 95% CI [-.013; .160], p = .09, with the following values for each domain: g = .02, 95% CI [-.167; .204] for attention; g = .06, 95% CI [-.148; .262] for memory; and g = .14, 95% CI [-.042; .329] for executive function. CONCLUSION The MBI had a null global effect. The attention and memory results showed a null effect size and a small effect size was found for executive function. The methodological quality of the studies, however, was poor, so the results need to be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alvaro Lozano-Ruiz
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatment, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Perez-Garcia
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatment, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Alfonso Caracuel
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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15
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Li Y, Fu W, Zhang Q, Chen X, Li X, Du B, Deng X, Ji F, Dong Q, Jaeggi SM, Chen C, Li J. Effects of forward and backward span trainings on working memory: Evidence from a randomized controlled trial. Psychophysiology 2022; 60:e14154. [PMID: 35894226 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Both forward and backward working memory span tasks have been used in cognitive training, but no study has been conducted to test whether the two types of trainings are equally effective. Based on data from a randomized controlled trial, this study (N = 60 healthy college students) tested the effects of backward span training, forward span training, and no intervention. Event-related potential (ERP) signals were recorded at the pre-, mid-, and post-tests while the subjects were performing a distractor version of the change detection task, which included three conditions (2 targets and 0 distractor [2T0D]; 4 targets and 0 distractor [4T0D]; and 2 targets and 2 distractors [2T2D]). Behavioral data were collected from two additional tasks: a multi-object version of the change detection task, and a suppress task. Compared to no intervention, both forward and backward span trainings led to significantly greater improvement in working memory maintenance, based on indices from both behavioral (Kmax) and ERP data (CDA_2T0D and CDA_4T0D). Backward span training also improved interference control based on the ERP data (CDA_filtering efficiency) to a greater extent than did forward span training and no intervention, but the three groups did not differ in terms of behavioral indices of interference control. These results have potential implications for optimizing the current cognitive training on working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wenjin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qiumei Zhang
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, P.R. China
| | - Xiongying Chen
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders & The Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Anding Hospital, School of Mental Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders & The Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Anding Hospital, School of Mental Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Boqi Du
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Feng Ji
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, P.R. China
| | - Qi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Susanne M Jaeggi
- School of Education & Department for Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Chuansheng Chen
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
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16
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Zhang J, Zhang T, Chen YC, Chen H, Feng Y, Tang WW, Zheng JX. Decreased brain functional connectivity associated with cognitive dysfunction in women with second pregnancy. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:963943. [PMID: 36072487 PMCID: PMC9444322 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.963943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Previous research has found that women with second pregnancy may have an increased risk of cognitive dysfunction. This study aims to investigate the intrinsic functional connectivity (FC) pattern of the DMN anchored on posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) in postpartum women, especially the parous women using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Methods Twenty parous women, 26 primiparous women, and 30 nulliparous women were included for rs-fMRI scan. They were age and education well matched. A seed based FC method was conducted to reveal FC patterns with other brain regions using a region of interest in the PCC. The relationships between FC patterns and cognitive performance were further detected. Results Relative to primiparous women, parous women had significantly decreased FC primarily between the PCC and the right middle frontal gyrus and right parahippocampal gyrus. The decreased FC to the right parahippocampal gyrus in parous women was positively associated with the reduced DST scores (rho = 0.524, p = 0.031). Moreover, parous women compared with nulliparous women showed significantly decreased FC between the PCC and the left superior frontal gyrus and left middle frontal gyrus. The reduced FC to the left superior frontal gyrus in parous women was also positively associated with the lower DST scores (rho = 0.550, p = 0.022). Conclusion Our result highlights that women with second pregnancy revealed decreased FC between the DMN regions with the parahippocampal gyrus and prefrontal cortex, which was correlated with specific impaired cognitive function. This study may provide new insights into the neuropathological mechanisms of postpartum cognitive impairment and enhance our understanding of the neurobiological aspects during postpartum period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Yuhua Hospital, Yuhua Branch of Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Chen Chen
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiyou Chen
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Feng
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Wei Tang
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Wen-Wei Tang,
| | - Jin-Xia Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jin-Xia Zheng,
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17
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Thammachai A, Sapbamrer R, Rohitrattana J, Tongprasert S, Hongsibsong S, Wangsan K. The reliability of neurobehavioral tests in a thai adult population. Dement Neuropsychol 2022; 16:324-331. [PMID: 36619834 PMCID: PMC9762389 DOI: 10.1590/1980-5764-dn-2021-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Early detection of decline in neurobehavioral (NB) performance requires reliable methods of testing. Although NB tests have been shown to be consistent and reliable in Western countries, there has been limited research in Asian populations. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the test-retest reliability of NB tests in a Thai adult population and examine the impact of demographic data on NB tests. The aspects of the tests chosen were memory, attention, hand-eye coordination, motor speed, and dexterity. Methods The three NB tests used were digit span, Purdue Pegboard, and visual-motor integration. All three were administered to a population of 30 Thai adults. Results The outcomes of all Pearson's correlation coefficient tests (r) were positive and greater than 0.60, and subtest-retest reliability correlation coefficients ranged from 0.63 (p<0.001) to 0.81 (p<0.001). Interestingly, the outcomes of all of these tests were not affected by demographic data, with the exception of the Purdue Pegboard test, in which performance on the preferred hand and both hands assessment was weakly associated with age (β=-0.09, p<0.001 and β=-0.08, p<0.05, respectively). Conclusions NB tests have adequate reliability and are useful for the evaluation of clinical memory, attention, hand-eye coordination, motor speed, and dexterity in Thai adults. These tests were not affected by demographic data. However, further studies to measure the validity of the digit span, Purdue Pegboard, and visual-motor integration tests are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajchamon Thammachai
- Chiang Mai University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of
Community Medicine, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Ratana Sapbamrer
- Chiang Mai University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of
Community Medicine, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Siam Tongprasert
- Chiang Mai University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of
Rehabilitation Medicine, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Surat Hongsibsong
- Chiang Mai University, Research Institute for Health Sciences,
School of Health Sciences Research, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kampanat Wangsan
- Chiang Mai University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of
Community Medicine, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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18
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Lawson RA, Richardson SJ, Kershaw D, Davis D, Stephan BCM, Robinson L, Brayne C, Barnes L, Burn DJ, Yarnall AJ, Taylor JP, Parker S, Allan LM. Evaluation of Bedside Tests of Attention and Arousal Assessing Delirium in Parkinson's Disease, Dementia, and Older Adults. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:655-665. [PMID: 34842195 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-212849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delirium is a serious acute neuropsychiatric condition associated with altered attention and arousal. OBJECTIVE To evaluate simple bedside tests for attention and arousal to detect delirium in those with and without Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia. METHODS Participants from two prospective delirium studies were pooled comprising 30 with PD without cognitive impairment, 24 with Lewy body cognitive impairment (PD dementia or dementia with Lewy bodies), 16 with another dementia and 179 PD and dementia-free older adults. Participants completed standardised delirium assessments including tests of attention: digit span, Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale (MDAS) attention and months of the year backwards; and arousal: Glasgow Coma Scale (GSC), Observational Scale of Level of Arousal (OSLA), Modified Richmond Agitation Scale and MDAS consciousness. Delirium was diagnosed using the DSM-5 criteria. RESULTS On their first admission, 21.7%participants had prevalent delirium. Arousal measures accurately detected delirium in all participants (p < 0.01 for all), but only selected attention measures detected delirium in PD and dementia. In PD and dementia-free older adults, impaired digit span and OSLA were the optimal tests to detect delirium (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.838, p < 0.001) while in PD and dementia the optimal tests were MDAS attention and GCS (AUC=0.90 and 0.84, respectively, p < 0.001 for both). CONCLUSION Simple bedside tests of attention and arousal at a single visit could accurately detect delirium in PD, dementia and PD and dementia-free older adults; however, the optimal tests differed between groups. Combined attention and arousal scores increased accuracy, which could have clinical utility to aid the identification of delirium neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael A Lawson
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sarah J Richardson
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
- Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Daisy Kershaw
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Daniel Davis
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, UK
| | - Blossom C M Stephan
- Institute of Mental Health, School of Medicine, Nottingham University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Louise Robinson
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Carol Brayne
- Cambridge Public Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Linda Barnes
- Cambridge Public Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David J Burn
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Alison J Yarnall
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
- Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - John-Paul Taylor
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Stuart Parker
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Louise M Allan
- Centre for Research in Ageing and Cognitive Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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19
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Kjeldsen PL, Parbo P, Hansen KV, Aanerud JFA, Ismail R, Nissen PH, Dalby RB, Damholdt MF, Borghammer P, Brooks DJ. Asymmetric amyloid deposition in preclinical Alzheimer's disease: A PET study. AGING BRAIN 2022; 2:100048. [PMID: 36908895 PMCID: PMC9997142 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2022.100048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The typical spatial pattern of amyloid-β (Aβ) in diagnosed Alzheimer's disease (AD) is that of a symmetrical hemispheric distribution. However, Aβ may be asymmetrically distributed in early stages of AD. Aβ distribution on PET has previously been explored in MCI and AD, but it has yet to be directly investigated in preclinical AD (pAD). We examined how Aβ was distributed in individuals with pAD and MCI using 11C-Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB) PET. Methods In this PET study, 79 subjects were retrospectively enrolled, including 34 controls, 24 pAD, and 21 MCI. All subjects underwent APOE genotyping, 11C-PiB PET, MRI, and cognitive testing. We explored differences in Aβ load, Aβ lateralisation, and Aβ distribution, as well as associations between Aβ distribution and cognition. Results The Aβ asymmetry index (AI) differed between groups, with pAD having the highest Aβ AI as compared to both controls and MCI. There was no clear Aβ lateralisation in pAD, but there was a non-significant trend towards Aβ being more left-lateralised in MCI. There were no correlations between the cognitive scores and Aβ AI or Aβ lateralisation in pAD or MCI. Conclusion The distribution of Aβ is most asymmetrical in pAD, as Aβ first starts accumulating, and it then becomes less asymmetrical in MCI, when Aβ has spread further, suggesting that more pronounced asymmetrical Aβ distribution may be a distinguishing factor in pAD. Longitudinal studies examining the distribution of Aβ across the AD continuum are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille L Kjeldsen
- Dept. of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark.,Dept. of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Peter Parbo
- Dept. of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark.,Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Kim V Hansen
- Dept. of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Joel F A Aanerud
- Dept. of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Rola Ismail
- Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, Vejle, Lillebælt Hospital, Denmark
| | - Peter H Nissen
- Dept. of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark.,Dept. of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Rikke B Dalby
- Dept. of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark.,Dept. of Radiology, Section for Neuroradiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.,Centre for Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Malene F Damholdt
- Dept. of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark.,Dept. of Psychology, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Per Borghammer
- Dept. of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark.,Dept. of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - David J Brooks
- Dept. of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark.,Dept. of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.,Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
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20
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Douglas JWA, Evans KL. An experimental test of the impact of avian diversity on attentional benefits and enjoyment of people experiencing urban green‐space. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W. A. Douglas
- Animal and Plant Sciences Department University of Sheffield Western Bank Sheffield UK
| | - Karl L. Evans
- Animal and Plant Sciences Department University of Sheffield Western Bank Sheffield UK
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21
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Wei WS, McCoy DC, Hanno EC. Classroom-level peer self-regulation as a predictor of individual self-regulatory and social-emotional development in Brazil. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2021.101347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Foret JT, Oleson S, Hickson B, Valek S, Tanaka H, Haley AP. Metabolic Syndrome and Cognitive Function in Midlife. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2021; 36:897-907. [PMID: 33283221 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acaa112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors associated with cognitive decline. We investigated the relationship between MetS and cognition in middle-aged adults. We hypothesized that higher numbers of MetS components will relate to poorer performance on executive function (EF) tasks as frontal lobe regions critical to EF are particularly vulnerable to cardiovascular disease. METHODS 197 adults (ages 40-60) participated. MetS was evaluated using established criteria. Composite scores for cognitive domains were computed as follows: Global cognitive function (subtests from the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, 2nd Edition), EF (Stroop Color Word, Digit Span Backward, and Trails A and B), and memory (California Verbal Learning Test, 2 Edition). RESULTS Higher number of MetS components was related to weaker EF-F(4, 191) = 3.94, p = .004, MetS components ß = -.14, p = .044. A similar relationship was detected for tests of memory-F(4, 192) = 7.86, p < .001, MetS components ß = -.15, p = .032. Diagnosis of MetS was not significantly associated with EF domain score (ß = -.05, p = .506) but was significantly associated with memory scores-F(4, 189) = 8.81, p < .001, MetS diagnosis ß = -.19, p = .006. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support prior research linking MetS components at midlife to executive dysfunction and demonstrate that MetS, and its components are also associated with poorer memory function. This suggests that cognitive vulnerability can be detected at midlife. Interventions for MetS at midlife could alter cognitive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle T Foret
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Stephanie Oleson
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brennan Hickson
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Stephanie Valek
- McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hirofumi Tanaka
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Andreana P Haley
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.,Biomedical Imaging Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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23
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Yoshimura T, Osaka M, Osawa A, Maeshima S. The classical backward digit span task detects changes in working memory but is unsuitable for classifying the severity of dementia. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2021:1-7. [PMID: 34410864 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.1961774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dementia is characterized by the deterioration of working memory (WM). The backward digit span (DS) task and reading span test (RST) are measures of WM. DS task and RST have not been directly compared in assessing dementia. This study aimed to compare the performance of individuals with dementia in forward and backward DS tasks to that in RST. We investigated the ability of forward/backward DS tasks to discriminate dementia severity. Forward/backward DS tasks and RST were performed in 15 elderly Japanese individuals with dementia. Twenty-six and 20 elderly individuals for the DS task and RST, respectively, were included as controls. Clinical Dementia Rating scale (CDR) was used to evaluate dementia severity. DS task scores were significantly correlated with RST scores. Both types of DS tasks correlated with RST, only the RST distinguished dementia severity based on CDR. Our findings indicate that the backward DS task may detect WM decline in dementia, but the RST is more suitable for assessing dementia severity. The backward DS task may be an effective screening measure for dementia signs in the elderly and may be used to identify patients requiring further assessments such as the RST to evaluate dementia severity based on WM performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariko Osaka
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, Osaka, Japan
| | - Aiko Osawa
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
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24
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Chen YC, Yong W, Xing C, Feng Y, Haidari NA, Xu JJ, Gu JP, Yin X, Wu Y. Directed functional connectivity of the hippocampus in patients with presbycusis. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 14:917-926. [PMID: 31270776 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00162-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Presbycusis, associated with a diminished quality of life characterized by bilateral sensorineural hearing loss at high frequencies, has become an increasingly critical public health problem. This study aimed to identify directed functional connectivity (FC) of the hippocampus in patients with presbycusis and to explore the causes if the directed functional connections of the hippocampus were disrupted. Presbycusis patients (n = 32) and age-, sex-, and education-matched healthy controls (n = 40) were included in this study. The seed regions of bilateral hippocampus were selected to identify directed FC in patients with presbycusis using Granger causality analysis (GCA) approach. Correlation analyses were conducted to detect the associations of disrupted directed FC of hippocampus with clinical measures of presbycusis. Compared to healthy controls, decreased directed FC between inferior parietal lobule, insula, right supplementary motor area, middle temporal gyrus and hippocampus were detected in presbycusis patients. Furthermore, a negative correlation between TMB score and the decline of directed FC from left inferior parietal lobule to left hippocampus (r = -0.423, p = 0.025) and from right inferior parietal lobule to right hippocampus (r = -0.516, p = 0.005) were also observed. The decreased directed functional connections of the hippocampus were detected in patients with presbycusis, which was associated with specific cognitive performance. This study mainly emphasizes the crucial role of hippocampus in presbycusis and will enhance our understanding of the neuropathological mechanisms of presbycusis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Chen
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No.68, Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Wei Yong
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No.68, Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Chunhua Xing
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No.68, Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Yuan Feng
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No.68, Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Nasir Ahmad Haidari
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No.68, Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Jin-Jing Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No.68, Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Jian-Ping Gu
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No.68, Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Xindao Yin
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No.68, Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, China.
| | - Yuanqing Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No.68, Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, China.
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Tyagi R, Arvind H, Goyal M, Anand A, Mohanty M. Working Memory Alterations Plays an Essential Role in Developing Global Neuropsychological Impairment in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Front Psychol 2021; 11:613242. [PMID: 33519636 PMCID: PMC7843380 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.613242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuropsychological profile of Indian Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) subjects remains unidentified and needs to be evaluated. Methods A total of 69 DMD and 66 controls were subjected to detailed intelligence and neuropsychological assessment. The factor indexes were derived from various components of Malin's Intelligence Scale for Indian Children (MISIC) and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). Results Poor verbal and visual memory profiles were demonstrated by DMDs, which include RAVLT-immediate recall (IR) (p = 0.042), RAVLT-delayed recall (DR) (p = 0.009), Rey-Osterrieth complex figure test (RCFT)-IR (p = 0.001), and RCFT-DR (p = 0.001). RAVLT-memory efficiency index demonstrated poor verbal memory efficiency (p = 0.008). Significant differences in the functioning of working memory axis [RAVLT T1 (p = 0.015), recency T1 (p = 0.004), Digit Span Backward (p = 0.103)] were observed along with reduced performance in visuomotor coordination, visuospatial, and visual recognition abilities. Block designing efficiency index and attention fraction showed a normal performance in DMD kids. Conclusion Working memory deficits were found to be the crucial element of cognitive functioning in DMD cases. Working memory interventions may be beneficial to improve the neuropsychological profile in DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Tyagi
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Harshita Arvind
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Manoj Goyal
- Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Akshay Anand
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Manju Mohanty
- Department of Neurosurgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Lin H, Lin Q, Li H, Wang M, Chen H, Liang Y, Bu X, Wang W, Yi Y, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Xie Y, Du S, Yang C, Huang X. Functional Connectivity of Attention-Related Networks in Drug-Naïve Children With ADHD. J Atten Disord 2021; 25:377-388. [PMID: 30259777 DOI: 10.1177/1087054718802017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to explore alterations of seed-based functional connectivity (FC) in dorsal attention network (DAN), ventral attention network (VAN), and default mode network (DMN) in ADHD children. Method: A voxel-based comparison of FC maps between 46 drug-naïve children with ADHD and 31 healthy controls (HCs) and correlation analysis between connectivity features and behavior were performed. Results: Compared with the HCs, children with ADHD were characterized by hyperconnectivity between DAN and regions of DMN and by hyperconnectivity between DMN and a set of regions involved in somatosensory, visual, and auditory cortices. No significant group different FC was found between VAN and the whole brain. Higher FC between DMN and somatosensory, visual, and auditory cortex was associated with better performance in attention and executive function. Conclusion: The dysregulation of networks in children with ADHD not only involves the DAN and DMN but also the somatosensory, motor, visual, and auditory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixi Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Qingxia Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Hailong Li
- West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meihao Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Hong Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Yan Liang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Xuan Bu
- West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiqian Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Yanhong Yi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Yongzhong Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Yupeng Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Songmei Du
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Chuang Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Xiaoqi Huang
- West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Suárez L, Elangovan S, Au A. Cross‐sectional study on the relationship between music training and working memory in adults. AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ajpy.12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Suárez
- Department of Psychology, James Cook University, Singapore,
| | | | - Agnes Au
- Department of Psychology, James Cook University, Singapore,
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28
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Vintimilla R, Balasubramanian K, Hall J, Johnson L, O'Bryant S. Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Cognitive Dysfunction, and Mild Cognitive Impairment. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra 2020; 10:154-162. [PMID: 33442392 PMCID: PMC7772868 DOI: 10.1159/000511103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The present study sought to evaluate the contribution of cardiovascular risk factors to cognitive functioning in a sample of Mexican Americans diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods Hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity were diagnosed based on self-report and/or standardized procedures. Cognitive function was measured with MMSE, Logical Memory I and II, Trail A & B, FAS, animal naming, and digit span tests. Independent samples t tests and two-way ANOVAs were conducted for analyses, adjusting for relevant covariates. We studied 100 Mexican Americans (65 female) with MCI, ages 50–86, from a longitudinal study of cognitive aging conducted at the University of North Texas Health Science Center. Results A difference between subjects with and without obesity and memory scores was shown by t tests. Two-way ANOVAs detected an association between the coexistence of hypertension and diabetes with language measures, diabetes and dyslipidemia with executive function, and diabetes and obesity with memory and language measures. Conclusions This study provides additional evidence about the link between cardiovascular risk factors and cognitive dysfunction in MCI subjects, and also demonstrated that comorbid risk factors increased the degree of cognitive deficit in many areas, which may indicate a higher risk of developing dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Vintimilla
- Institute for Translational Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Kishore Balasubramanian
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - James Hall
- Institute for Translational Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Leigh Johnson
- Institute for Translational Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Sid O'Bryant
- Institute for Translational Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
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29
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Foret JT, Dekhtyar M, Birdsill AC, Tanaka H, Haley AP. Metabolic syndrome components moderate the association between executive function and functional connectivity in the default mode network. Brain Imaging Behav 2020; 15:2139-2148. [PMID: 33179757 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-020-00409-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Middle aged individuals with Metabolic Syndrome are at high risk for cognitive decline. Dyssynchrony in the resting state Default Mode Network is one early indicator of brain vulnerability. We set out to explore the relationship between default mode resting state functional connectivity and cognitive performance in both memory and executive domains at midlife in the presence of Metabolic Syndrome components. Seed-based Correlation Analyses were performed between the seed voxel in the posterior cingulate cortex and the medial prefrontal cortex on 200 participants (ages 40-61). Executive domain scores were significantly predicted by the interaction between number of Metabolic Syndrome components and resting state connectivity in the Default Mode Network (p = .004) such that connectivity was negatively related to executive function at higher numbers of Metabolic Syndrome components. Results were not significant for memory. Our findings indicate that clusters of cardiovascular disease risk factors alter functional relationships in the brain and highlights the need to continue exploring how compensatory techniques might operate to support cognitive performance at midlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle T Foret
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 108 E Dean Keeton, Stop A8000, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Maria Dekhtyar
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 108 E Dean Keeton, Stop A8000, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Alex C Birdsill
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Hirofumi Tanaka
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Andreana P Haley
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 108 E Dean Keeton, Stop A8000, Austin, TX, 78712, USA. .,Biomedical Imaging Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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30
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Kavrut Ozturk N, Kavakli AS, Arslan U, Aykal G, Savas M. Nível de S100B e disfunção cognitiva após prostatectomia radical laparoscópica assistida por robô: estudo observacional prospectivo. Rev Bras Anestesiol 2020; 70:573-582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjan.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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31
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Zhao L, Ng A, Chen Q, Lam B, Abrigo J, Au C, Mok VCT, Wong A, Lau AY. Impaired cognition is related to microstructural integrity in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2020; 7:1193-1203. [PMID: 32519512 PMCID: PMC7359116 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cognitive impairment is common in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the relationship between cognitive deficits and microstructural abnormalities in Chinese MS patients remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the importance of microstructural abnormalities and the associations with cognitive impairment in Chinese MS patients. Methods Three‐dimensional T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were obtained from 36 relapsing remitting MS patients. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans were acquired for 29 (81%) patients. Cognitive impairment was assessed using a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Patients were classified into cognitively impaired (CI) group and cognitively preserved (CP) group. Using volBrain and FSL software, we assessed white matter lesion burden, white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) volumetric as well as microstructural diffusivity. MRI variables explaining cognitive impairment were analyzed. Results Fifteen (42%) patients were classified as CI. Verbal learning and memory was the most commonly impaired domain (n = 16, 44%). CI patients had lower mean skeleton fractional anisotropy (FA) value than CP patients (275.45 vs. 283.61 × 10−3, P = 0.023). The final predicting model including demographic variables and global skeleton mean diffusivity (MD) explained 43.6% of variance of the presence of cognitive impairment (β = 0.131, P = 0.041). CI patients showed a widespread change of microstructural integrity comparing to CP patients, which was rarely overlapping with lesion probability map. Microstructural abnormalities in corpus callosum were associated with performance in verbal learning and memory, processing speed and selective attention (P < 0.05). Conclusion Loss of microstructural integrity demonstrated by DTI helps explain cognitive dysfunction in Chinese MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Angel Ng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qianyun Chen
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bonnie Lam
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jill Abrigo
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cheryl Au
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Vincent C T Mok
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Adrian Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alexander Y Lau
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Zheng JX, Ge L, Chen H, Yin X, Chen YC, Tang WW. Disruption within brain default mode network in postpartum women without depression. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20045. [PMID: 32358387 PMCID: PMC7440189 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that cognitive dysfunction is associated with neurophysiological changes in postpartum period. This study aimed to investigate the intrinsic functional connectivity (FC) pattern within the default mode network (DMN) and its associations with cognitive dysfunction in postpartum women without depression revealed by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).Resting-state fMRI scans were acquired from 21 postpartum women and 21 age- and education-matched nulliparous women. The posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) was selected as the seed region to detect the FC patterns and then determine whether these changes were related to specific cognitive performance.Compared with the nulliparous women, postpartum women had a significantly decreased FC between the PCC and the left medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). After correcting for age and education, the reduced FC between the PCC and the left mPFC was positively correlated with the poorer Clock-Drawing Test (CDT) scores in postpartum women (r = 0.742, P < .001).The present study mainly demonstrated decreased resting-state FC pattern within the DMN regions that was linked with impaired cognitive function in postpartum women. These findings illustrated the potential role of the DMN in postpartum women that will provide novel insight into the underlying neuropathological mechanisms in postpartum period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lili Ge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital
| | - Huiyou Chen
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xindao Yin
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Chen Chen
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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33
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Nakutin SN, Gutierrez G. Effect of Physical Activity on Academic Engagement and Executive Functioning in Children With ASD. SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2019. [DOI: 10.17105/spr-2017-0124.v48-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Joshi H, Bharath S, Balachandar R, Sadanand S, Vishwakarma HV, Aiyappan S, Saini J, Kumar KJ, John JP, Varghese M. Differentiation of Early Alzheimer's Disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Cognitively Healthy Elderly Samples Using Multimodal Neuroimaging Indices. Brain Connect 2019; 9:730-741. [DOI: 10.1089/brain.2019.0676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Joshi
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
- Multimodal Brain Image Analysis Laboratory (MBIAL), Neurobiology Research Center (NRC), National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
- Geriatric Clinic and Services, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Srikala Bharath
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
- Geriatric Clinic and Services, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Rakesh Balachandar
- Multimodal Brain Image Analysis Laboratory (MBIAL), Neurobiology Research Center (NRC), National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
- Geriatric Clinic and Services, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Shilpa Sadanand
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
- Geriatric Clinic and Services, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Harshita V. Vishwakarma
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
- Geriatric Clinic and Services, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Subramoniam Aiyappan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
- Multimodal Brain Image Analysis Laboratory (MBIAL), Neurobiology Research Center (NRC), National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Jitender Saini
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Keshav J. Kumar
- Geriatric Clinic and Services, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
- Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - John P. John
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
- Multimodal Brain Image Analysis Laboratory (MBIAL), Neurobiology Research Center (NRC), National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Mathew Varghese
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
- Geriatric Clinic and Services, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
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van Alphen R, Stams GJJM, Hakvoort L. Musical Attention Control Training for Psychotic Psychiatric Patients: An Experimental Pilot Study in a Forensic Psychiatric Hospital. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:570. [PMID: 31231183 PMCID: PMC6566130 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor attention skills constitute a major problem for psychiatric patients with psychotic symptoms, and increase their chances of treatment drop-out. This study investigated possible benefits of musical attention control training (MACT). To examine the effect of MACT on attention skills of psychiatric patients with psychotic features a randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted in a forensic psychiatric clinic. Participants (N = 35, age M = 34.7, 69% male) were pair matched (on age, gender, and educational level), and randomly assigned to an experimental and control group. The experimental group received a 30-min MACT training once a week over 6 weeks' time, whereas the controls received treatment as usual without attention training. Single blind pre- and post-neuropsychological assessments were performed to measure different attention levels. The experimental MACT group outperformed the control group in selective, sustained and alternating attention. In addition, overall attendance of MACT participants was high (87.1%). This result suggests that in this experimental pilot study MACT was effective for attention skills of psychiatric patients with psychotic features. To obtain larger intervention effects additional research is necessary, with a larger sample and a more specific MACT intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. van Alphen
- Inforsa, Forensic Psychiatric Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - G. J. J. M. Stams
- Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - L. Hakvoort
- Department of Music Therapy, ArtEZ University of the Arts, Enschede, Netherlands
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Ramos AA, Hamdan AC, Machado L. A meta-analysis on verbal working memory in children and adolescents with ADHD. Clin Neuropsychol 2019; 34:873-898. [PMID: 31007130 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2019.1604998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Previous meta-analyses have demonstrated verbal working memory (WM) dysfunction in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, the findings are inconsistent. The main objective of this meta-analysis was to investigate the performance of children and adolescents with ADHD in the Digit Span Backwards (DSB) subtest from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children or Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. We also sought to provide an updated meta-analysis on WM in children and adolescents with ADHD.Method: PubMed, PsyINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched to locate studies published between 1990 and 2016 that report DSB scores both of children and adolescents with ADHD and matched controls. Potential moderator variables were also analyzed.Results: Forty-nine studies comparing children and adolescents with ADHD (n = 4956) against healthy controls (n = 3249) generated a medium-sized effect (Hedges' g) of 0.56 (95% CI [0.49, 0.64]), indicating poorer verbal WM performance in those with ADHD. A subgroup meta-analysis of studies with participants aged 8-16 years only demonstrated low heterogeneity (I2 = 17.06, cf. 55.50 for the main analysis). Moreover, the meta-regression showed a negative association (β = -.05, p = .02) between DSB performance differences and increasing age, indicating that for every one year increase in age the effect size decreased by .05.Conclusion: These results, which emanated from the largest meta-analysis concerning verbal WM in ADHD reported to date, reinforce WM as a key domain of cognitive dysfunction in ADHD, and point to age as the main variable influencing DSB performance difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Alex Ramos
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Liana Machado
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Elkana O, Conti Y, Heyman O, Hamdan S, Franko M, Vatine JJ. The associations between executive functions and different aspects of perceived pain, beyond the influence of depression, in rehabilitation setting. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2019; 30:1303-1317. [DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2019.1574590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Odelia Elkana
- Behavioral Sciences, Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Israel
| | - Yael Conti
- Behavioral Sciences, Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Israel
| | - Ofir Heyman
- Behavioral Sciences, Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Israel
| | - Sami Hamdan
- Behavioral Sciences, Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Israel
| | - Motty Franko
- Behavioral Sciences, Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Israel
| | - Jean-Jacques Vatine
- Reuth Rehabilitation Hospital, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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38
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Keerstock S, Smiljanić R. Effects of intelligibility on within- and cross-modal sentence recognition memory for native and non-native listeners. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2018; 144:2871. [PMID: 30522310 DOI: 10.1121/1.5078589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the study was to examine whether enhancing the clarity of the speech signal through conversational-to-clear speech modifications improves sentence recognition memory for native and non-native listeners, and if so, whether this effect would hold when the stimuli in the test phase are presented in orthographic instead of auditory form (cross-modal presentation). Sixty listeners (30 native and 30 non-native English) participated in a within-modal (i.e., audio-audio) sentence recognition memory task (Experiment I). Sixty different individuals (30 native and 30 non-native English) participated in a cross-modal (i.e., audio-textual) sentence recognition memory task (Experiment II). The results showed that listener-oriented clear speech enhanced sentence recognition memory for both listener groups regardless of whether the acoustic signal was present during the test phase (Experiment I) or absent (Experiment II). Compared to native listeners, non-native listeners had longer reaction times in the within-modal task and were overall less accurate in the cross-modal task. The results showed that more cognitive resources remained available for storing information in memory during processing of easier-to-understand clearly produced sentences. Furthermore, non-native listeners benefited from signal clarity in sentence recognition memory despite processing speech signals in a cognitively more demanding second language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandie Keerstock
- Department of Linguistics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Rajka Smiljanić
- Department of Linguistics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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O’Keefe JA, Robertson EE, Ouyang B, Carnes D, McAsey A, Liu Y, Swanson M, Bernard B, Berry-Kravis E, Hall DA. Cognitive function impacts gait, functional mobility and falls in fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome. Gait Posture 2018; 66:288-293. [PMID: 30243213 PMCID: PMC6342509 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Executive function and information processing speed deficits occur in fragile X premutation carriers (PMC) with and without fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). Gait is negatively impacted by cognitive deficits in many patient populations resulting in increased morbidity and falls but these relationships have not been studied in FXTAS. RESEARCH QUESTION We sought to investigate the associations between executive function and information processing speed and gait, turning and falls in PMC with and without FXTAS compared to healthy controls. METHODS Global cognition and the cognitive domains of information processing speed, attention, response inhibition, working memory and verbal fluency were tested with a neuropsychological test battery in 18 PMC with FXTAS, 15 PMC without FXTAS, and 27 controls. An inertial sensor based instrumented Timed Up and Go was employed to test gait, turns and functional mobility. RESULTS Lower information processing speed was significantly associated with shorter stride length, reflecting slower gait speed, in PMC with FXTAS (p = 0.0006) but not PMC without FXTAS or controls. Lower response inhibition was also significantly associated with slower turn-to-sit times in PMC with FXTAS (p = 0.034) but not in those without FXTAS or controls. Lower information processing speed (p = 0.012) and working memory (p = 0.004), were significantly correlated with a greater number of self-reported falls in the past year in FXTAS participants. SIGNIFICANCE This is the first study demonstrating that worse executive function and slower information processing speed is associated with reduced gait speed and functional mobility, as well as with a higher retrospective fall history in participants with FXTAS. This information may be important in the design of cognitive and motor interventions for this neurodegenerative disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan A. O’Keefe
- Department of Cell & Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL,Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Erin E. Robertson
- Department of Cell & Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Bichun Ouyang
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Danielle Carnes
- Department of Cell & Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Andrew McAsey
- Department of Cell & Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Yuanqing Liu
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Maija Swanson
- Rush Medical College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Bryan Bernard
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Elizabeth Berry-Kravis
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL,Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL,Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Deborah A Hall
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
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Zheng JX, Chen YC, Chen H, Jiang L, Bo F, Feng Y, Tang WW, Yin X, Gu JP. Disrupted Spontaneous Neural Activity Related to Cognitive Impairment in Postpartum Women. Front Psychol 2018; 9:624. [PMID: 29774003 PMCID: PMC5944019 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Prior research has demonstrated that the postpartum period is associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment. This study aims to investigate whether disrupted spontaneous neural activity exists in postpartum women without depression using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and to detect the relationship between these abnormalities and cognitive impairment. Materials and Methods: Postpartum women (n = 22) were compared with age- and education-matched nulliparous women (n = 23) using rs-fMRI. We calculated the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) values to evaluate spontaneous neural activity and detect the relationship between rs-fMRI data and cognitive performance. Results: Relative to nulliparous women, postpartum women had significantly decreased ALFF and ReHo values primarily in the left posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and prefrontal cortex and increased ALFF values in left cerebellar posterior lobe. We found a positive correlation between the ALFF and ReHo values in the PCC and the complex figure test (CFT)-delayed scores in postpartum women (r = 0.693, p = 0.001; r = 0.569, p = 0.011, respectively). Moreover, the clock-drawing test (CDT) scores showed positive correlations with the ALFF and ReHo values in the right superior frontal gyrus (SFG; r = 0.492, p = 0.033; r = 0.517, p = 0.023, respectively). Conclusion: Our combined ALFF and ReHo analyses revealed decreased spontaneous neural activity, mainly in the PCC and prefrontal cortex, which was correlated with specific impaired cognitive functioning in postpartum women. This study may elucidate the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying postpartum cognitive impairment and enhance our understanding of the neurobiological aspects of the postpartum period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xia Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Chen Chen
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiyou Chen
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Bo
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Feng
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Wei Tang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xindao Yin
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian-Ping Gu
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Looby A, Sant'Ana S. Nonmedical prescription stimulant users experience subjective but not objective impairments in attention and impulsivity. Am J Addict 2018; 27:238-244. [PMID: 29569336 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Nonmedical prescription stimulant use is frequently reported by college students to improve academic performance, yet it is unknown whether users truly experience cognitive impairments that may drive use. This research compared students with at least one report of nonmedical prescription stimulant use and nonusers on both self-report and objective measures of inattention and impulsivity. METHODS Two studies examined inattention (N = 155) and impulsivity (N = 115) among college students. Participants completed self-report questionnaires and cognitive tests, including Digit Span, the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test, and a Continuous Performance Test to assess inattention, and the Balloon Analogue Risk Task and the Stop Signal Task to assess risk-taking and impulsivity. RESULTS Self-reports of inattention and impulsive symptoms were significantly higher among users, controlling for gender, GPA, self-reported ADHD, alcohol use, and drug use; however, no objective differences were found. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Nonmedical prescription stimulant users may engage in use to overcome perceived deficits in cognitive abilities despite lack of objective evidence. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE Understanding discrepancies in objective performance and subjective reports may aid in the development of effective interventions for nonmedical prescription stimulant use. (Am J Addict 2018;27:238-244).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Looby
- Department of Psychology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY
| | - Sarah Sant'Ana
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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Chen YC, Chen H, Jiang L, Bo F, Xu JJ, Mao CN, Salvi R, Yin X, Lu G, Gu JP. Presbycusis Disrupts Spontaneous Activity Revealed by Resting-State Functional MRI. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:44. [PMID: 29593512 PMCID: PMC5859072 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Presbycusis, age-related hearing loss, is believed to involve neural changes in the central nervous system, which is associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment. The goal of this study was to determine if presbycusis disrupted spontaneous neural activity in specific brain areas involved in auditory processing, attention and cognitive function using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) approach. Methods: Hearing and resting-state fMRI measurements were obtained from 22 presbycusis patients and 23 age-, sex- and education-matched healthy controls. To identify changes in spontaneous neural activity associated with age-related hearing loss, we compared the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) of fMRI signals in presbycusis patients vs. controls and then determined if these changes were linked to clinical measures of presbycusis. Results: Compared with healthy controls, presbycusis patients manifested decreased spontaneous activity mainly in the superior temporal gyrus (STG), parahippocampal gyrus (PHG), precuneus and inferior parietal lobule (IPL) as well as increased neural activity in the middle frontal gyrus (MFG), cuneus and postcentral gyrus (PoCG). A significant negative correlation was observed between ALFF/ReHo activity in the STG and average hearing thresholds in presbycusis patients. Increased ALFF/ReHo activity in the MFG was positively correlated with impaired Trail-Making Test B (TMT-B) scores, indicative of impaired cognitive function involving the frontal lobe. Conclusions: Presbycusis patients have disrupted spontaneous neural activity reflected by ALFF and ReHo measurements in several brain regions; these changes are associated with specific cognitive performance and speech/language processing. These findings mainly emphasize the crucial role of aberrant resting-state ALFF/ReHo patterns in presbycusis patients and will lead to a better understanding of the neuropathological mechanisms underlying presbycusis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiyou Chen
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Bo
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Jing Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cun-Nan Mao
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Richard Salvi
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Xindao Yin
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangming Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian-Ping Gu
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Cormier DC, Bulut O, McGrew KS, Singh D. Exploring the Relations between Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) Cognitive Abilities and Mathematics Achievement. APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.3350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Damien C. Cormier
- Centre for Research in Applied Measurement and Evaluation; University of Alberta; Edmonton Canada
| | - Okan Bulut
- Centre for Research in Applied Measurement and Evaluation; University of Alberta; Edmonton Canada
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Brunner D, Abramovitch A, Etherton J. A yoga program for cognitive enhancement. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182366. [PMID: 28783749 PMCID: PMC5544241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies suggest that yoga practice may improve cognitive functioning. Although preliminary data indicate that yoga improves working memory (WM), high-resolution information about the type of WM subconstructs, namely maintenance and manipulation, is not available. Furthermore, the association between cognitive enhancement and improved mindfulness as a result of yoga practice requires empirical examination. The aim of the present study is to assess the impact of a brief yoga program on WM maintenance, WM manipulation and attentive mindfulness. Methods Measures of WM (Digit Span Forward, Backward, and Sequencing, and Letter-Number Sequencing) were administered prior to and following 6 sessions of yoga (N = 43). Additionally, the Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale was administered to examine the potential impact of yoga practice on mindfulness, as well as the relationships among changes in WM and mindfulness. Results Analyses revealed significant improvement from pre- to post- training assessment on both maintenance WM (Digit Span Forward) and manipulation WM (Digit Span Backward and Letter-Number Sequencing). No change was found on Digit Span Sequencing. Improvement was also found on mindfulness scores. However, no correlation was observed between mindfulness and WM measures. Conclusions A 6-session yoga program was associated with improvement on manipulation and maintenance WM measures as well as enhanced mindfulness scores. Additional research is needed to understand the extent of yoga-related cognitive enhancement and mechanisms by which yoga may enhance cognition, ideally by utilizing randomized controlled trials and more comprehensive neuropsychological batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon Brunner
- Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Amitai Abramovitch
- Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, United States of America
| | - Joseph Etherton
- Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, United States of America
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Giannouli V. Memory and Hashimoto's thyroiditis under levothyroxine treatment: is there a placebo or nocebo effect? Endocrine 2017; 57:183-186. [PMID: 28205014 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1262-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vaitsa Giannouli
- School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Growing Up After Critical Illness: Verbal, Visual-Spatial, and Working Memory Problems in Neonatal Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Survivors. Crit Care Med 2017; 44:1182-90. [PMID: 26937861 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000001626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess neuropsychologic outcome in 17- and 18-year-old neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation survivors. DESIGN A prospective longitudinal follow-up study. SETTING Follow-up program at the Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital in Rotterdam, The Netherlands. PATIENTS Thirty adolescents 17 or 18 years old, treated between 1991 and 1997, underwent neuropsychologic assessment. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Attention, memory, executive functioning, visual-spatial functions, social-emotional functioning, and behavior were assessed with validated instruments, and data were compared with reference data. Included predictors for analysis of adverse outcome were diagnosis, age at start extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, convulsions, and use of antiepileptics. Adolescents' performance (expressed as mean [SD] z score) was significantly lower than the norm on short-term and long-term verbal memory (z score = -1.40 [1.58], p = 0.016; z score = -1.54 [1.67], p = 0.010, respectively), visual-spatial memory (z score = -1.65 [1.37], p = 0.008; z score = -1.70 [1.23], p = 0.008, respectively), and working memory (32% vs 9% in the norm population). Parents reported more problems for their children regarding organization of materials (z score = -0.60 [0.90]; p = 0.03) and behavior evaluation (z score = -0.53 [0.88]; p = 0.05) on a questionnaire. Patients reported more withdrawn/depressed behavior (z score = -0.47 [0.54]; p = 0.02), somatic complaints (z score = -0.43 [0.48]; p = 0.03), and social problems (z score = -0.41 [0.46]; p = 0.04). Patients reported more positive feelings of self-esteem and an average health status. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents treated with neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation are at risk of verbal, visual-spatial, and working memory problems. Future research should focus on 1) the longitudinal outcome of specific neuropsychologic skills in adolescence and adulthood; 2) identifying risk factors of neuropsychologic dysfunction; 3) evaluating to what extent "severity of illness" is responsible for acquired brain injury; and 4) effects of timely cognitive rehabilitation.
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Using Resources of Nature in the Counselling Room: Qualitative Research into Ecotherapy Practice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COUNSELLING 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10447-017-9294-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Pustilnik A, Elkana O, Vatine JJ, Franko M, Hamdan S. Neuropsychological Markers of Suicidal Risk in the Context of Medical Rehabilitation. Arch Suicide Res 2017; 21:293-306. [PMID: 27049683 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2016.1171815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
While great strides have been made to advance the understanding of the neurobiology of suicidal behavior (SB), the neural and neuropsychological mechanisms associated with SB are not well understood. The purpose of the current study is to identify neurocognitive markers of SB in the context of medical rehabilitation. The performances of 39 patients at a medical rehabilitation center, aged 21-78, were examined on a series of neurocognitive executive tasks-decision-making (Iowa Gambling Task - IGT), mental flexibility (WCST), response inhibition (SST) and working memory (digit span). Self-report questionnaires were administered, for Suicidal behaviors, depression, Anxiety, and PTSD as well as perceived social support. Suicidal participants performed more poorly on the IGT. A mediation analysis presented a significant direct effect of decision making on suicidal risk (p < 0.14) as well as significant indirect effect of decision making on suicidal risk that was mediated by the depressive symptoms (95% BCa CI [-0.15, -0.018]) with a medium effect size (κ2 = 0.20, 95% BCa CI [0.067, 0.381]). Despite the complexity of relationship between decision-making and suicidal risk, these results suggest that clinicians should routinely assess decision-making abilities in adults at risk for suicide due to the fact that impaired decision-making may increase suicidal risk above and beyond that conferred by depression.
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Zubko O, Gould RL, Gay HC, Cox HJ, Coulson MC, Howard RJ. Effects of electromagnetic fields emitted by GSM phones on working memory: a meta-analysis. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2017; 32:125-135. [PMID: 27645289 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Current treatments for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) do not affect the course of the illness and brain stimulation techniques are increasingly promoted as potential therapeutic interventions for AD. This study reviews the effects of electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure versus sham exposure on working memory (WM) performance of healthy human participants. METHOD Online literature databases and previous systematic reviews were searched for studies of EMF and WM in participants without reported memory problems. Two thousand eight hundred and fifty seven studies were identified, and 10 studies met the inclusion criteria. An assessment of study quality was completed, and separate, random effects meta-analyses were conducted for each of the three WM tasks included: n-back, substitution and digit span forward. RESULTS No differences were found between participants exposed to active EMF versus sham conditions in any of the three working memory tasks examined. CONCLUSION Results indicate that EMF does not affect WM during the n-back, substitution and digit-span tasks. Future studies should focus on the possible effects of chronic exposure to EMF in older adults with AD using a battery of comparable WM and attention tasks, before EMF can be seriously considered as a potential modulator of WM in AD. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Zubko
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, King's College London, UK
| | - R L Gould
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, King's College London, UK
| | - H C Gay
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, King's College London, UK
| | - H J Cox
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, King's College London, UK
| | - M C Coulson
- Department of Psychology, Middlesex University, UK
| | - R J Howard
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, King's College London, UK.,Division of Psychiatry, University College London, UK
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