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Oyovwi OM, Ben-Azu B, Tesi EP, Emojevwe V, Rotu RA, Moke GE, Umukoro E, Asiwe JN, Nwangwa KE. Possible mechanisms involved in the protective effect of lutein against cyclosporine-induced testicular damage in rats. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24989. [PMID: 38314281 PMCID: PMC10837563 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and aberrant inflammatory response have important implications in cyclosporin-induced reproductive functions. Previous studies have shown that agents with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities might be beneficial in reversing cyclosporin-induced reproductive impairment. Lutein is a naturally occurring compound with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effect of lutein against cyclosporin-induced reproductive impairment remains in complete. Hence, we investigated the protective effect of lutein, specifically focusing on the role of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor-2 (Nrf2)/heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1)/connexin-43 (Cx-43) upregulation system against cyclosporine-induced reproductive impairment. Six male Wistar rats were allotted into 5 groups and given daily gavage of cyclosporine (40 mg/kg) and/or lutein (30 mg/kg) for four (4) weeks or in combination, respectively. The testicular antioxidant scaffolds: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), add to sulfhydryl (T-SH), non-protein sulfhydryl (NP-SH), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S -transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), myeloperoxidase (MPO), testicular proinflammatory cytokines, apoptotic related protein, nucleic acids, sialic acid, testicular proton pump ATPase, stress responsive protein, BTB-related protein and total protein levels in the testes were assayed thereafter. Cyclosporin significantly increased NOX-1, TNF-α, IL-1β, MPO, caspase-3 and -9 levels, which were reversed by lutein. Lutein reversed cyclosporin-induced decreases in Nrf2, HO-1, BCL-2, cytochrome C, with corresponding increase in CAT, SOD, GSH, T-SH, NP-SH, GST, GR, GSH-Px, and Cx-43 levels compared to cyclosporin groups. Lutein also abates cyclosporin-induced alterations Na + -K + -ATPase activities. Our findings showed that lutein's protective effect against cyclosporin-induced reproductive impairment might be associated with mechanisms linked to its antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties, notably through up-regulation of Nrf2/HO-1/Cx-43 signaling and down-regulation of NOX-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Edesiri Prince Tesi
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Delta State Polytechnic, Ogwashi-Uku, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Victor Emojevwe
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Rume Arientare Rotu
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Goodies Emuesiri Moke
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Emuesiri Umukoro
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Clinical Science, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Jerome Ndudi Asiwe
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Kingsley Eze Nwangwa
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
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Joshi K, Kumar P, Kataria R. Microbial carotenoid production and their potential applications as antioxidants: A current update. Process Biochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2023.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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Li Y, Zha Y, Wang G, Xie T, Zhao C, Yin Y, Guo H. Willow can be recommended as a strong candidate for the phytoremediation of cadmium and pyrene co-polluted soil under flooding condition. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:41081-41092. [PMID: 35083690 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18228-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soil cadmium (Cd) and pyrene (PYR) pollutions have gained worldwide attention due to their negative effects on the environment. Intermittent flooding in rain-rich areas may affect phytoremediation of Cd and PYR in soil. Therefore, a pot-culture experiment, with and without flooding, was conducted to study the effects of flooding on soil Cd and PYR phytoremediation. Concentrations of Cd, PYR, and nutrients in soils and plants, as well as plant physiological and biochemical responses, were examined. Under both flooding and non-flooding conditions, willow (Salix × aureo-pendula CL 'J1011') demonstrated a better ability to remove soil Cd and PYR. Flooding led to higher Cd accumulation in roots than that in shoots. Conversely, non-flooding resulted in higher Cd accumulation in shoots than that in roots. The maximum concentrations of Cd in shoots were 11.02 and 14.07 mg kg-1 with and without flooding, respectively. The maximum dissipation rates of PYR in soil were 47.35% and 88.61% under flooding and non-flooding conditions, respectively. In addition, flooding significantly increased the photosynthetic pigment, photosynthetic fluorescence, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in leaves, compared with non-flooding treatment. Flooding also increased the concentrations of Mg, Mn, P, Fe, and K in roots and shoots. This study outlines an effective insight for the phytoremediation of Cd- and PYR-contaminated soil under flooding condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yepu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University (Xianlin Campus), 163 Xianlin Road, Jiangsu Province, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Centre for Critical Zone Science, University of Leeds and Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yidi Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University (Xianlin Campus), 163 Xianlin Road, Jiangsu Province, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Centre for Critical Zone Science, University of Leeds and Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Guobing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University (Xianlin Campus), 163 Xianlin Road, Jiangsu Province, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Centre for Critical Zone Science, University of Leeds and Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Tanchun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University (Xianlin Campus), 163 Xianlin Road, Jiangsu Province, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Centre for Critical Zone Science, University of Leeds and Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuicui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University (Xianlin Campus), 163 Xianlin Road, Jiangsu Province, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
- Joint International Research Centre for Critical Zone Science, University of Leeds and Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongyan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University (Xianlin Campus), 163 Xianlin Road, Jiangsu Province, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Centre for Critical Zone Science, University of Leeds and Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
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Food-grade lactic acid bacteria and probiotics as a potential protective tool against erythrotoxic dietary xenobiotics. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Turk C, Camlar M, Diniz G, Arslan FD, Oren MM, Ozer F. Effects of Lutein on Brain Damage and Vasospasm in an Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Model. World Neurosurg 2020; 143:e450-e455. [PMID: 32750510 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.07.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vasospasm developing after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity. Lutein is a carotenoid with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of present study was to investigate effects of lutein on the basilar artery and nerve tissues. METHODS Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control (group 1), SAH (group 2), and SAH treated with lutein (group 3). Lutein was administered for 3 days by means of orogastric gavage. Basilar artery lumen area, wall thickness, serum total antioxidant status, serum total oxidant status, and oxidative stress index were calculated. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical analyses were conducted. RESULTS No statistically significant difference was found between groups in terms of wall thickness; lumen area; and serum total antioxidant status, serum total oxidant status, and oxidative stress index values. A statistically significant difference was found between groups colored with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (P < 0.005). Post hoc analysis was used to examine the results between groups. Results of group 1 and group 3 were equal (P = 1) and lower than group 2 (P = 0.04 and P = 0.006, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Lutein was found to have a positive effect on width of the basilar artery lumen area. Therefore, positive effects of lutein on vasospasm might be statistically significant if lutein is administered at higher doses. Lutein was found to be effective in preventing brain damage after SAH. To our knowledge, this study is the first in the literature to examine the effect of lutein on vasospasm and brain damage after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caglar Turk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Artvin State Hospital, Artvin, Turkey.
| | - Mahmut Camlar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tepecik Research and Training Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gülden Diniz
- Department of Pathology, Izmir Democracy University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Fatma Demet Arslan
- Department of Biochemistry, Tepecik Research and Training Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Meryem Merve Oren
- Department of Public Health, Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fusun Ozer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tepecik Research and Training Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Izmir, Turkey
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Ikonne EU, Ikpeazu VO, Ugbogu EA. The potential health benefits of dietary natural plant products in age related eye diseases. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04408. [PMID: 32685729 PMCID: PMC7355812 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, there has been a tremendous increase in the number of cases of age-related eye diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), cataract, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. These diseases are the leading causes of visual impairment and blindness all over the world and are associated with many pathological risk factors such as aging, pollution, high levels of glucose (hyperglycaemia), high metabolic rates, and light exposure. These risk factors lead to the generation of uncontrollable reactive oxygen species (ROS), which causes oxidative stress. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of age-related eye diseases through the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and lipid peroxidation, which leads to the production of inflammatory cytokines, angiogenesis, protein and DNA damages, apoptosis that causes macular degeneration (AMD), cataract, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. This review provides updated information on the beneficial effects of dietary natural plant products (DPNPs) against age-related eye diseases. In this review, supplementation of DPNPs demonstrated preventive and therapeutic effects on people at risk of or with age-related eye diseases due to their capacity to scavenge free radicals, ameliorate inflammatory molecules, neutralize the oxidation reaction that occurs in photoreceptor cells, decrease vascular endothelial growth factor and the blood-retinal barrier and increase the antioxidant defence system. However, further experiments and clinical trials are required to establish the daily doses of DPNPs that will safely and effectively prevent age-related eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor Okezie Ikpeazu
- Department of Biochemistry, Abia State University, P.M.B 2000, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria
| | - Eziuche Amadike Ugbogu
- Department of Biochemistry, Abia State University, P.M.B 2000, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria
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Cota F, Costa S, Giannantonio C, Purcaro V, Catenazzi P, Vento G. Lutein supplementation and retinopathy of prematurity: a meta-analysis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 35:175-180. [PMID: 32041442 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1712700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a multifactorial retinal disorder characterized by an abnormal vascular development of the retina of the preterm infants. Carotenoids are natural pigments that are synthesized by all plants and some microorganisms where they play a role in photoprotection and coloration. Lutein and zeaxanthin (L/Z) are two carotenoids identified as the major components of the macular pigment. Recently it has been suggested that lutein and its isomer zeaxanthin may act as antioxidant agents and that they may prevent ROP.Objective: The primary objective of this study is to assess the safety and effectiveness of oral lutein in the prevention of retinopathy of prematurity in preterm neonates.Study design: We conducted a systematic search for randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials without any language or publication year restriction. The studies have to recruit preterm neonates ≤32 completed weeks of gestation and to compare the administration of oral L/Z at any dosage or duration, versus placebo in order to prevent ROP.Result: Data from three RCT with a total of 406 participants failed to show any reduction in ROP incidence nor the risk of BPD, sepsis, NEC and mortality. It may reduce the number of transfusions but this result has to be assessed in a separate ad hoc trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cota
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Obstetrics and Neonatology Area, Division of Neonatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Simonetta Costa
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Obstetrics and Neonatology Area, Division of Neonatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmen Giannantonio
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Obstetrics and Neonatology Area, Division of Neonatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Velia Purcaro
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Obstetrics and Neonatology Area, Division of Neonatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Piero Catenazzi
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Obstetrics and Neonatology Area, Division of Neonatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vento
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Obstetrics and Neonatology Area, Division of Neonatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Hamidi M, Kozani PS, Kozani PS, Pierre G, Michaud P, Delattre C. Marine Bacteria versus Microalgae: Who Is the Best for Biotechnological Production of Bioactive Compounds with Antioxidant Properties and Other Biological Applications? Mar Drugs 2019; 18:E28. [PMID: 31905716 PMCID: PMC7024282 DOI: 10.3390/md18010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity play remarkable roles in the prevention of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. ROS, which are formed by different pathways, have various pathological influences such as DNA damage, carcinogenesis, and cellular degeneration. Incremental demands have prompted the search for newer and alternative resources of natural bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties. The marine environment encompasses almost three-quarters of our planet and is home to many eukaryotic and prokaryotic microorganisms. Because of extreme physical and chemical conditions, the marine environment is a rich source of chemical and biological diversity, and marine microorganisms have high potential as a source of commercially interesting compounds with various pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmeceutical applications. Bacteria and microalgae are the most important producers of valuable molecules including antioxidant enzymes (such as superoxide dismutase and catalase) and antioxidant substances (such as carotenoids, exopolysaccharides, and bioactive peptides) with various valuable biological properties and applications. Here, we review the current knowledge of these bioactive compounds while highlighting their antioxidant properties, production yield, health-related benefits, and potential applications in various biological and industrial fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Hamidi
- Food and Drug Research Center, Vice-Chancellery of Food and Drug, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht P.O. Box 41446/66949, Iran;
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht P.O. Box 44771/66595, Iran;
| | - Pouya Safarzadeh Kozani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht P.O. Box 44771/66595, Iran;
| | - Pooria Safarzadeh Kozani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran P.O. Box 14115/111, Iran;
| | - Guillaume Pierre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (G.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (G.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Cédric Delattre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (G.P.); (P.M.)
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, 75005 Paris, France
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Mammadov R, Suleyman B, Akturan S, Cimen FK, Kurt N, Suleyman Z, Malkoc İ. Effect of lutein on methotrexate-induced oxidative lung damage in rats: a biochemical and histopathological assessment. Korean J Intern Med 2019; 34:1279-1286. [PMID: 31495083 PMCID: PMC6823580 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2018.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS This study aimed to investigate the effect of lutein on methotrexate (MTX)-induced pulmonary toxicity in rats biochemically and histopathologically. METHODS The rats in the MTX + lutein (MTXL, n = 6) group were given 1 mg/kg of lutein orally. A 0.9% NaCl solution was administered orally to the MTX (n = 6) group and the healthy group (HG, n = 6). One hour later, a single 20 mg/kg dose of MTX was injected intraperitoneally in the MTXL and MTX. Lutein or 0.9% NaCl solution was administered once a day for 5 days. At the end of this period, malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), total glutathione (tGSH), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were measured in the lung tissues from the animals euthanized with 50 mg/kg thiopental sodium anesthesia. Subsequently, histopathological examinations were performed. RESULTS The levels of MDA, MPO, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the lung tissue of the MTX were significantly higher than those of the MTXL and HG groups (p < 0.0001), and the amount of tGSH was lower. The histopathological findings in the MTX group, in which the oxidants and cytokines were higher, were more severe. CONCLUSION Lutein prevented the MTX-induced oxidative lung damage biochemically and histopathologically. This result indicates that lutein may be useful in the treatment of MTX-induced lung damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renad Mammadov
- Department of Pharmacology, Erzincan University Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey
- Correspondence to Renad Mammadov, M.D. Department of Pharmacology, Erzincan University Faculty of Medicine, Basbaglar Street, Erzincan 24100, Turkey Tel: +90-507-0115922 Fax: +90-446-2261819 E-mail:
| | - Bahadir Suleyman
- Department of Pharmacology, Erzincan University Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Selcuk Akturan
- Department of Family Medicine, Erzincan University Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Ferda Keskin Cimen
- Department of Pathology, Erzincan University Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Nezahat Kurt
- Department of Biochemistry, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Suleyman
- Department of Nursing, Erzincan University Faculty of Health Sciences, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - İsmail Malkoc
- Department of Anatomy, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
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Abstract
Thermal injury may lead to multiple organ dysfunction through release of proinflammatory mediators and reactive oxygen radicals. This study investigated the effects of thermal injury on remote organs of rats and the possible protective effect of lutein. Thermal trauma was induced in the back of rats by exposing them to 90 °C bath for 10 s. Rats were sacrificed 48 h after burn, and blood samples were collected to monitor liver and kidney functions. Tissue samples from liver, kidneys, and lungs were taken for studying oxidative stress parameters, gene expressions of TNF-α and Casp-3, besides histopathological examination. Skin scald injury caused significant elevations of liver and kidney function biomarkers in the serum. In tissue samples, increments of MDA, GPx, and 8-OHdG were recorded while GSH level and the activities of CAT and SOD were suppressed. The expressions of TNF-α and caspase-3 mRNA were increased, and histopathological results revealed remote organ injury. Oral administration of lutein (250 mg/kg) resulted in amelioration of the biochemical and molecular changes induced by burn as well as the histopathological alterations. According to the findings of the present study, lutein possesses anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects that protect against burn-induced damage in remote organs.
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Langi P, Kiokias S, Varzakas T, Proestos C. Carotenoids: From Plants to Food and Feed Industries. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1852:57-71. [PMID: 30109624 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8742-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In this review, carotenoids from plants are described, and their natural existence is addressed. Carotenoids are 40-carbon isoprenoid molecules that produce the red, yellow, and orange pigmentation found in nature. Various plants, microalgae, bacteria, and fungi are natural sources of carotenoids and are presented in detail. The chemistry of carotenoids and their classification is also described along with the effect of carotenoids on human health which is explained with focus on lutein-zeaxanthin, astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, capsanthin, and lycopene. Clinical studies suggest that carotenoid consumption is associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and eye disease. Finally, another issue discussed is the role of carotenoids in animals and their feed with focus on birds, fish and crustaceans, livestock, and poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Langi
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotirios Kiokias
- Department of Food Technology, School of Agricultural Technology, Food Technology and Nutrition, Technological Educational Institute of Peloponnese, Kalamata, Greece
| | - Theodoros Varzakas
- Department of Food Technology, School of Agricultural Technology, Food Technology and Nutrition, Technological Educational Institute of Peloponnese, Kalamata, Greece.
| | - Charalampos Proestos
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Milani A, Basirnejad M, Shahbazi S, Bolhassani A. Carotenoids: biochemistry, pharmacology and treatment. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1290-1324. [PMID: 27638711 PMCID: PMC5429337 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids and retinoids have several similar biological activities such as antioxidant properties, the inhibition of malignant tumour growth and the induction of apoptosis. Supplementation with carotenoids can affect cell growth and modulate gene expression and immune responses. Epidemiological studies have shown a correlation between a high carotenoid intake in the diet with a reduced risk of breast, cervical, ovarian, colorectal cancers, and cardiovascular and eye diseases. Cancer chemoprevention by dietary carotenoids involves several mechanisms, including effects on gap junctional intercellular communication, growth factor signalling, cell cycle progression, differentiation-related proteins, retinoid-like receptors, antioxidant response element, nuclear receptors, AP-1 transcriptional complex, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, carotenoids can stimulate the proliferation of B- and T-lymphocytes, the activity of macrophages and cytotoxic T-cells, effector T-cell function and the production of cytokines. Recently, the beneficial effects of carotenoid-rich vegetables and fruits in health and in decreasing the risk of certain diseases has been attributed to the major carotenoids, β-carotene, lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin, crocin (/crocetin) and curcumin, due to their antioxidant effects. It is thought that carotenoids act in a time- and dose-dependent manner. In this review, we briefly describe the biological and immunological activities of the main carotenoids used for the treatment of various diseases and their possible mechanisms of action. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Principles of Pharmacological Research of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.11/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Milani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDSPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | | | - Sepideh Shahbazi
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDSPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | - Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDSPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
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Carotenoids from microalgae: A review of recent developments. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:1396-1412. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Roldán-Fidalgo A, Martín Saldaña S, Trinidad A, Olmedilla-Alonso B, Rodríguez-Valiente A, García-Berrocal JR, Ramírez-Camacho R. In vitro and in vivo effects of lutein against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 68:197-204. [PMID: 26850526 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cisplatin is a commonly prescribed drug that produces ototoxicity as a side effect. Lutein is a carotenoid with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties previously tested for eye, heart and skin diseases but not evaluated to date in ear diseases. AIM To evaluate the protective effects of lutein on HEI-OC1 auditory cell line and in a Wistar rat model of cisplatin ototoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro study: Culture HEI-OC1 cells were exposed to lutein (2.5-100 μM) and to 25 μM cisplatin for 24h. In vivo study: Twenty eight female Wistar rats were randomized into three groups. Group A (n=8) received intratympanic lutein (0.03 mL) (1mg/mL) in the right ear and saline solution in the left one to determine the toxicity of lutein. Group B (n=8) received also intraperitoneal cisplatin (10mg/kg) to test the efficacy of lutein against cisplatin ototoxicity. Group C (n=12) received intratympanic lutein (0.03 mL) (1mg/mL) to quantify lutein in cochlear fluids (30 min, 1h and 5 days after treatment). Hearing function was evaluated by means of Auditory Steady-State Responses before the procedure and 5 days after (groups A and B). Morphological changes were studied by confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS In vitro study: Lutein significantly reduced the cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in the HEI-OC1 cells when they were pre-treated with lutein concentrations of 60 and 80 μM. In vivo study: Intratympanic lutein (1mg/mL) application showed no ototoxic effects. However it did not achieve protective effect against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in Wistar rats. CONCLUSIONS Although lutein has shown beneficial effects in other pathologies, the present study only obtained protection against cisplatin ototoxicity in culture cells, but not in the in vivo model. The large molecule size, the low dose administered, and restriction to diffusion in the inner ear could account for this negative result.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Roldán-Fidalgo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - S Martín Saldaña
- Foundation for Biomedical Research, Puerta de Hierro Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Trinidad
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Olmedilla-Alonso
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Rodríguez-Valiente
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J R García-Berrocal
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Ramírez-Camacho
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Desai P, Shete H, Adnaik R, Disouza J, Patravale V. Therapeutic targets and delivery challenges for Alzheimer’s disease. World J Pharmacol 2015; 4:236-264. [DOI: 10.5497/wjp.v4.i3.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease, the 21st Century epidemic, is one of the most significant social and health crises which has currently afflicted nearly 44 million patients worldwide and about new 7.7 million cases are reported every year. This portrays the unmet need towards better understanding of Alzheimer’s disease pathomechanisms and related research towards more effective treatment strategies. The review thus comprehensively addresses Alzheimer’s disease pathophysiology with an insight of underlying multicascade pathway and elaborates possible therapeutic targets- particularly anti-amyloid approaches, anti-tau approaches, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, glutamatergic system modifiers, immunotherapy, anti-inflammatory targets, antioxidants, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors and insulin. In spite of extensive research leading to identification of newer targets and potent drugs, complete cure of Alzheimer’s disease appears to be an unreached holy grail. This can be attributed to their ineffective delivery across blood brain barrier and ultimately to the brain. With this understanding, researchers are now focusing on development of drug delivery systems to be delivered via suitable route that can circumvent blood brain barrier effectively with enhanced patient compliance. In this context, we have summarized current drug delivery strategies by oral, transdermal, intravenous, intranasal and other miscellaneous routes and have accentuated the future standpoint towards promising therapy ultimately leading to Alzheimer’s disease cure.
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New antioxidant drugs for neonatal brain injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:108251. [PMID: 25685254 PMCID: PMC4313724 DOI: 10.1155/2015/108251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The brain injury concept covers a lot of heterogeneity in terms of aetiology involving multiple factors, genetic, hemodynamic, metabolic, nutritional, endocrinological, toxic, and infectious mechanisms, acting in antenatal or postnatal period. Increased vulnerability of the immature brain to oxidative stress is documented because of the limited capacity of antioxidant enzymes and the high free radicals (FRs) generation in rapidly growing tissue. FRs impair transmembrane enzyme Na+/K+-ATPase activity resulting in persistent membrane depolarization and excessive release of FR and excitatory aminoacid glutamate. Besides being neurotoxic, glutamate is also toxic to oligodendroglia, via FR effects. Neuronal cells die of oxidative stress. Excess of free iron and deficient iron/binding metabolising capacity are additional features favouring oxidative stress in newborn. Each step in the oxidative injury cascade has become a potential target for neuroprotective intervention. The administration of antioxidants for suspected or proven brain injury is still not accepted for clinical use due to uncertain beneficial effects when treatments are started after resuscitation of an asphyxiated newborn. The challenge for the future is the early identification of high-risk babies to target a safe and not toxic antioxidant therapy in combination with standard therapies to prevent brain injury and long-term neurodevelopmental impairment.
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Anand R, Gill KD, Mahdi AA. Therapeutics of Alzheimer's disease: Past, present and future. Neuropharmacology 2013; 76 Pt A:27-50. [PMID: 23891641 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 500] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide. The etiology is multifactorial, and pathophysiology of the disease is complex. Data indicate an exponential rise in the number of cases of AD, emphasizing the need for developing an effective treatment. AD also imposes tremendous emotional and financial burden to the patient's family and community. The disease has been studied over a century, but acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and memantine are the only drugs currently approved for its management. These drugs provide symptomatic improvement alone but do less to modify the disease process. The extensive insight into the molecular and cellular pathomechanism in AD over the past few decades has provided us significant progress in the understanding of the disease. A number of novel strategies that seek to modify the disease process have been developed. The major developments in this direction are the amyloid and tau based therapeutics, which could hold the key to treatment of AD in the near future. Several putative drugs have been thoroughly investigated in preclinical studies, but many of them have failed to produce results in the clinical scenario; therefore it is only prudent that lessons be learnt from the past mistakes. The current rationales and targets evaluated for therapeutic benefit in AD are reviewed in this article. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'The Synaptic Basis of Neurodegenerative Disorders'.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Anand
- Department of Biochemistry, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632002, Tamilnadu, India.
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Radical scavenging activity-based and AP-1-targeted anti-inflammatory effects of lutein in macrophage-like and skin keratinocytic cells. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:787042. [PMID: 23533312 PMCID: PMC3606807 DOI: 10.1155/2013/787042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lutein is a naturally occurring carotenoid with antioxidative, antitumorigenic, antiangiogenic, photoprotective, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective properties. Although the anti-inflammatory effects of lutein have previously been described, the mechanism of its anti-inflammatory action has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to investigate the regulatory activity of lutein in the inflammatory responses of skin-derived keratinocytes or macrophages and to elucidate the mechanism of its inhibitory action. Lutein significantly reduced several skin inflammatory responses, including increased expression of interleukin-(IL-) 6 from LPS-treated macrophages, upregulation of cyclooxygenase-(COX-) 2 from interferon-γ/tumor necrosis-factor-(TNF-) α-treated HaCaT cells, and the enhancement of matrix-metallopeptidase-(MMP-) 9 level in UV-irradiated keratinocytes. By evaluating the intracellular signaling pathway and the nuclear transcription factor levels, we determined that lutein inhibited the activation of redox-sensitive AP-1 pathway by suppressing the activation of p38 and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK). Evaluation of the radical and ROS scavenging activities further revealed that lutein was able to act as a strong anti-oxidant. Taken together, our findings strongly suggest that lutein-mediated AP-1 suppression and anti-inflammatory activity are the result of its strong antioxidative and p38/JNK inhibitory activities. These findings can be applied for the preparation of anti-inflammatory and cosmetic remedies for inflammatory diseases of the skin.
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