1
|
Yavuz O, Arslan HH, Tokur O, Marangoz O, Nuhoglu Ozturk Z, Mushtaq S. Monitoring of environmental persistent organic pollutants in hair samples of cats and dogs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 933:173020. [PMID: 38719047 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated 32 persistent organic pollutants, including 9 organochlorine pesticides, 15 polychlorinated biphenyls, 6 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and 2 organophosphate pesticides in the hair samples of domestic cats and dogs living in an urban area in Samsun, Turkiye. Hair samples were collected from 35 cats and 38 dogs, grouped by sex and age (<3 or >3 years old). Samples were extracted using a liquid-liquid extraction method and analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The results revealed the presence of organochlorine pesticides (n = 58, 468.65 ± 92.30 ng/g), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (n = 57, 15.65 ± 3.91 ng/g), polychlorinated biphenyls (n = 55, 54.11 ± 9.47 ng/g), and organophosphate pesticides (n = 25, 568.43 ± 113.17 ng/g) in the samples. PCBs 81, 118, 128, 208, and 2,4-DDE were not detected in any samples. Only one sample did not contain any of the searched compounds. Fluorene was the most frequently detected pollutant (n = 53, 72.6 %), followed by β-hexachlorocyclohexane (n = 34, 46.6 %). The highest maximum concentration was observed for hexachlorobenzene (2748.03 ng/g), followed by aldrin (2313.45 ng/g) and fenitrothion (2081.13 ng/g). Pollutant concentrations did not differ between cats and dogs, sexes, and ages (p > 0.05). This study highlights the significant threat that urban areas pose to pets, and therefore, POPs should be monitored periodically in hair and other samples. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to investigate POP levels in hair samples from cats and dogs in Turkiye.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oguzhan Yavuz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ceyhan Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkiye.
| | - Handan Hilal Arslan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ceyhan Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkiye
| | - Orhan Tokur
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkiye
| | - Ozge Marangoz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkiye
| | - Zeyno Nuhoglu Ozturk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkiye
| | - Saima Mushtaq
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkiye
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hegedus C, Andronie L, Uiuiu P, Jurco E, Lazar EA, Popescu S. Pets, Genuine Tools of Environmental Pollutant Detection. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2923. [PMID: 37760323 PMCID: PMC10525180 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In a shared environment, our companion animals became unintended sentinels for pollutant exposure consequences, developing even earlier similar conditions to humans. This review focused on the human-pet cohabitation in an environment we all share. Alongside other species, canine and feline companions are veritable models in human medical research. The latency period for showing chronic exposure effects to pollutants is just a few years in them, compared to considerably more, decades in humans. Comparing the serum values of people and their companion animals can, for example, indicate the degree of poisonous lead load we are exposed to and of other substances as well. We can find 2.4 times higher perfluorochemicals from stain- and grease-proof coatings in canine companions, 23 times higher values of flame retardants in cats, and 5 times more mercury compared to the average levels tested in humans. All these represent early warning signals. Taking these into account, together with the animal welfare orientation of today's society, finding non-invasive methods to detect the degree of environmental pollution in our animals becomes paramount, alongside the need to raise awareness of the risks carried by certain chemicals we knowingly use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Hegedus
- Department of Fundamental Sciences, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Luisa Andronie
- Department of Biophysics, Meteorology and Climatology, Faculty of Forestry and Cadastre, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Paul Uiuiu
- Department of Fundamental Sciences, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Eugen Jurco
- Department of Technological Sciences, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Eva Andrea Lazar
- Association for the Welfare of Horses, 725700 Vatra Dornei, Romania;
| | - Silvana Popescu
- Department of Animal Hygiene and Welfare, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
González-Gómez X, Figueiredo-González M, Villar-López R, Martínez-Carballo E. Biomonitoring of organic pollutants in pet dog plasma samples in North-Western Spain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 867:161462. [PMID: 36623653 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Most of organic pollutants (OPs) have the ability to interfere with biological systems causing negative effects in living beings, including humans. In the last decades, pets have been used as bioindicators of human exposure because they share the same habitat with their homeowners. We sought to determine levels of approximately 70 OPs, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polybrominated biphenyl ethers (PBDEs), organophosphate pesticides (OPPs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and pyrethroids (PYRs) in plasma samples from 39 pet dogs from Ourense (north-western Spain). The results revealed that PAHs were the dominant OPs (mean value 175 ± 319 ng/g lipid weight (lw)), followed by PYRs (132 ± 352 ng/g lw), PCBs (122 ± 96 ng/g lw), OCPs (33 ± 17 ng/g lw), PBDEs (19 ± 18 ng/g lw) and OPPs (2.1 ± 2.7 ng/g lw) in plasma samples. We have previously detected the target OPs in hair samples of pets, collected simultaneously and similar trend of some OPs has been observed. Moreover, pyrene and chrysene showed correlations between levels detected in both matrices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiana González-Gómez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, IAQBUS - Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Constantino Candeira S/N, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain.
| | - María Figueiredo-González
- Food and Health Omics, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus da Auga, University of Vigo, Ourense 32004, Spain.
| | - Roberto Villar-López
- Food and Health Omics, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus da Auga, University of Vigo, Ourense 32004, Spain
| | - Elena Martínez-Carballo
- Food and Health Omics, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus da Auga, University of Vigo, Ourense 32004, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yurdakok-Dikmen B, Kuzukiran O, Uyar R, Boztepe UG, Çelik HT, Ozyuncu O, Turgut Y, Kanca H, Karakas-Alkan K, Filazi A. Live in same region, respond differently: Canine and human response to pollutants in placental accumulation. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 301:134470. [PMID: 35367487 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Their presence in the environment is particularly concerning in cases of fetal exposure, which is the most vulnerable period of life for both human and animals who share the same environment. Placenta, as a sample collected using noninvasive methods to screen EDCs, is a good indicator for potential fetal exposure. Although recent studies indicate that companion animal may correspond to human exposure, species-specific anatomo-morphological and metabolic differences are controversial. In this study, placenta samples of 60 women and 25 dogs living and giving birth within the same region were evaluated for the presence of PCB, OCP, PBDE, and PAH residues; where, socio-demographic factors were also assessed to identify the possible sources. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method was validated for the matrix, and among 45 screened and targeted pollutants, only 18 were found in human placentas. While the most frequently detected pollutants were DDTs, followed by PAHs and PCBs in decreasing order, the pollutants with the highest concentrations were PAHs, followed by PCBs and DDTs. Only five of the target contaminants were detected in the dog placentas. These results indicate that; as dogs have different bioaccumulation capacities and higher excretion rates than humans, the life-long effects of exposure to endocrine compound and possible consequences related to adverse health outcomes are expected to vary and concentrations cannot be directly correlated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Begum Yurdakok-Dikmen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Kuzukiran
- Eldivan Vocational School of Health Services, Cankiri Karatekin University, Eldivan, Cankiri, Turkey
| | - Recep Uyar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Turkey
| | - Ummu Gulsum Boztepe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Turkey
| | - Hasan Tolga Çelik
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Ozyuncu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yagmur Turgut
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Turkey
| | - Halit Kanca
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kubra Karakas-Alkan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Filazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yavuz O, Arslan HH, Tokur O, Nuhoglu Z, Marangoz O, Mushtaq S, Arslan A, Ozdil C. Environmental organic pollutants in hair samples from sport horses. EQUINE VET EDUC 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. Yavuz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ondokuz Mayis University Samsun Turkey
| | - H. H. Arslan
- Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ondokuz Mayis University SamsunTurkey
| | - O. Tokur
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ondokuz Mayis University Samsun Turkey
| | - Z. Nuhoglu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ondokuz Mayis University Samsun Turkey
| | - O. Marangoz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ondokuz Mayis University Samsun Turkey
| | - S. Mushtaq
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ondokuz Mayis University Samsun Turkey
| | | | - C. Ozdil
- Jockey Club of Turkey Sanliurfa Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tian Z, Yang Y, Wang L. An improved method for assessing environmental impacts caused by chemical pollutants: A case study in textiles production. Toxicol Ind Health 2020; 36:228-236. [PMID: 32427535 DOI: 10.1177/0748233720919662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The use of chemicals in the textile industry has been widely investigated. This study used an improved method with the USEtox model to assess the environmental impacts of chemical pollutants discharged by the textile industry. The environmental impacts attributed to the discharged chemical pollutants were ranked using a quantity analysis method and a toxicity analysis method. The rankings of the two methods were compared by calculating Spearman's correlation coefficients and outliers. The results showed that the human health and ecological hazards potential were mainly caused by heavy metals. The rankings of the environmental impacts calculated with the quantity analysis method were different from those calculated with the toxicity analysis method. Cadmium, hexachlorobenzene and mercury caused severe human and ecological hazards with a small volume of emissions. Zinc and hexavalent chromium were highly toxic chemical pollutants, which could cause severe human health and ecological hazards potential. These five kinds of chemical pollutants should be preferentially controlled to mitigate the environmental impacts caused by chemical pollutants discharged from the textile industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zejun Tian
- Engineering Research Center of Clothing of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Silk and Fashion Culture Research Center of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Ecological Civilization Research Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiduo Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Clothing of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Silk and Fashion Culture Research Center of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Ecological Civilization Research Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Laili Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Clothing of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Silk and Fashion Culture Research Center of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Ecological Civilization Research Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Karthikraj R, Lee S, Kannan K. Biomonitoring of exposure to bisphenols, benzophenones, triclosan, and triclocarban in pet dogs and cats. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 180:108821. [PMID: 31639656 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Similar to humans, pet animals are exposed to environmental contaminants through multiple sources and pathways. Although a few studies have demonstrated exposure of cats and dogs to environmental chemicals, little is known about exposure to bisphenols, benzophenone UV filters, and antibacterial agents. In this study, we measured three bisphenols, three benzophenone-type UV filters, triclosan (TCS), and triclocarban (TCC) in dog (n = 50) and cat urine (n = 50) collected from New York State, USA. Among bisphenols, BPS was found at the highest concentrations (mean ± SD: 3.2 ± 8.5 ng/mL in dogs and 8.85 ± 30.0 ng/mL in cats) with detection frequencies of 96% in dogs and 78% in cats. Among benzophenones, BP-3 (oxybenzone) was the dominant compound in pet urine, followed by BP-1 and BP-8. TCS was found at concentrations higher than those of TCC in both cat and dog urine. There were no significant differences in bisphenol concentrations between sexes or age groups, both in dogs and cats. The calculated hazard quotients (HQ) suggested that the current exposure levels of BPS and BP-3 in pets were 2-5 orders of magnitude below the tentative threshold values available for humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajendiran Karthikraj
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY, 12201-0509, United States
| | - Sunmi Lee
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY, 12201-0509, United States
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY, 12201-0509, United States; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, 12201-0509, United States; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|