Effects of bentonite nanoparticles inhalation on lung tissue and blood antioxidant indices in a rat model

Bentonite Nanoparticles and Honey Co-Administration Effects on Skin Wound Healing: Experimental Study in the BALB/c MICE

In recent years, nanotechnology and the subsequent production of nanoparticles have developed excellent methods for medical applications, including wound healing. One of these nanoparticles is bentonite nanoparticles (BNPs) which show high ability in tissue engineering. But our knowledge of its effectiveness in wound healing is based on little data. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to evaluate the wound healing ability of BNPs and in the next step the suitability of honey as a solvent for these nanoparticles. Methods: In this experimental study, an excisional wound injury model was developed in adult male BALB/c mice (n = 60) by creative two equal-sized wounds (5 mm) on either side of their back midline. The animals were allocated into five groups (n = 12 each) as untreated control (U), honey (H), polyethylene glycol (P), and (BNPs) dissolved in honey or polyethylene glycol (H + BNPs, P + BNPs). Animals have received their relative topical treatments twice per day for 14 consecutive days. Tissue sampling was carried out on days 4, 7, 10, and 14. The tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Trichrome-Masson staining methods. The histomorphological parameters including inflammatory cells infiltration, fibroblasts, re-epithelialization, granulation formation, and collagenases were evaluated in all tissue sections. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software. Comparison between the groups was performed by one-way analysis of variance following Tukey's post-hoc test. Compared to the control group, BNPs showed significant wound healing activities with lower inflammatory cells infiltration, higher fibroblastosis and new epithelium thickness, and greater granulation area and collagen fibers density in the ulcer bed. In addition, honey as a solvent synergistically increased the wound healing activity of the studied nanoparticle. These results for the first time are clearly showing that BNPs have a promising wound healing activity, especially when applied with honey concurrently.

Wound Healing Effects of Chitosan Nanosheets/Honey Compounds in Male BALB/c Mice

Background and aim: Up to now, proper wound care management has remained as an important clinical challenge. Chitosan nanosheets (CNSs) showed a great potential in tissue engineering, but our knowledge about their wound healing effectiveness is based on very limited data. Thus, the aim of this research was to evaluate the wound healing potential of CNSs and honey as a vehicle for these nanoparticles. Methods: The skin excisional wound injury model was made in adult male BALB/c mice (n = 60) by creating two identical sized wounds (5mm) on either side of their dorsal midline. The animals were divided into five groups (n = 12 each) as untreated control, honey, polyethylene glycol, and CNSs dissolved either in honey or polyethylene glycol. Animals were received their relative topical treatments twice per day for 14 consecutive days. Tissue sampling was carried out on days 4, 7, 10, and 14 post wounding. The histological parameters including inflammatory cells infiltration, fibroblast proliferation, re-epithelialization, granulation formation, and collagen formation were evaluated in all studied time points. Results: Compared to the control group, CNSs showed significant wound healing activities with lower inflammatory cells infiltration, higher fibroblastosis and new epithelium thickness, and greater granulation area and collagen fibers density in the ulcer bed. In addition, honey synergistically increased the wound healing activity of the studied nanoparticles. Conclusion: These results showed that CNSs have promising wound healing activity specially when dissolved with honey concurrently.

Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery System: The Magic Bullet for the Treatment of Chronic Pulmonary Diseases

Chronic pulmonary diseases encompass different persistent and lethal diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), cystic fibrosis (CF), asthma, and lung cancers that affect millions of people globally. Traditional pharmacotherapeutic treatment approaches (i.e., bronchodilators, corticosteroids, chemotherapeutics, peptide-based agents, etc.) are not satisfactory to cure or impede diseases. With the advent of nanotechnology, drug delivery to an intended site is still difficult, but the nanoparticle's physicochemical properties can accomplish targeted therapeutic delivery. Based on their surface, size, density, and physical-chemical properties, nanoparticles have demonstrated enhanced pharmacokinetics of actives, achieving the spotlight in the drug delivery research field. In this review, the authors have highlighted different nanoparticle-based therapeutic delivery approaches to treat chronic pulmonary diseases along with the preparation techniques. The authors have remarked the nanosuspension delivery via nebulization and dry powder carrier is further effective in the lung delivery system since the particles released from these systems are innumerable to composite nanoparticles. The authors have also outlined the inhaled particle's toxicity, patented nanoparticle-based pulmonary formulations, and commercial pulmonary drug delivery devices (PDD) in other sections. Recently advanced formulations employing nanoparticles as therapeutic carriers for the efficient treatment of chronic pulmonary diseases are also canvassed.