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Brown MP, Verma S, Palmer I, Guerrero Zuniga A, Mehta A, Rosensweig C, Keles MF, Wu MN. A subclass of evening cells promotes the switch from arousal to sleep at dusk. Curr Biol 2024; 34:2186-2199.e3. [PMID: 38723636 PMCID: PMC11111347 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Animals exhibit rhythmic patterns of behavior that are shaped by an internal circadian clock and the external environment. Although light intensity varies across the day, there are particularly robust differences at twilight (dawn/dusk). These periods are also associated with major changes in behavioral states, such as the transition from arousal to sleep. However, the neural mechanisms by which time and environmental conditions promote these behavioral transitions are poorly defined. Here, we show that the E1 subclass of Drosophila evening clock neurons promotes the transition from arousal to sleep at dusk. We first demonstrate that the cell-autonomous clocks of E2 neurons primarily drive and adjust the phase of evening anticipation, the canonical behavior associated with "evening" clock neurons. We next show that conditionally silencing E1 neurons causes a significant delay in sleep onset after dusk. However, rather than simply promoting sleep, activating E1 neurons produces time- and light-dependent effects on behavior. Activation of E1 neurons has no effect early in the day but then triggers arousal before dusk and induces sleep after dusk. Strikingly, these activation-induced phenotypes depend on the presence of light during the day. Despite their influence on behavior around dusk, in vivo voltage imaging of E1 neurons reveals that their spiking rate and pattern do not significantly change throughout the day. Moreover, E1-specific clock ablation has no effect on arousal or sleep. Thus, we suggest that, rather than specifying "evening" time, E1 neurons act, in concert with other rhythmic neurons, to promote behavioral transitions at dusk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Brown
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Shubha Verma
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Isabelle Palmer
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | - Anuradha Mehta
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Clark Rosensweig
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - Mehmet F Keles
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mark N Wu
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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2
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Han E, Lee SS, Park KH, Blum ID, Liu Q, Mehta A, Palmer I, Issa H, Han A, Brown MP, Sanchez-Franco VM, Velasco M, Tabuchi M, Wu MN. Tob Regulates the Timing of Sleep Onset at Night in Drosophila. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0389232024. [PMID: 38485259 PMCID: PMC11063825 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0389-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Sleep is regulated by homeostatic sleep drive and the circadian clock. While tremendous progress has been made in elucidating the molecular components of the core circadian oscillator, the output mechanisms by which this robust oscillator generates rhythmic sleep behavior remain poorly understood. At the cellular level, growing evidence suggests that subcircuits in the master circadian pacemaker suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in mammals and in the clock network in Drosophila regulate distinct aspects of sleep. Thus, to identify novel molecules regulating the circadian timing of sleep, we conducted a large-scale screen of mouse SCN-enriched genes in Drosophila Here, we show that Tob (Transducer of ERB-B2) regulates the timing of sleep onset at night in female fruit flies. Knockdown of Tob pan-neuronally, either constitutively or conditionally, advances sleep onset at night. We show that Tob is specifically required in "evening neurons" (the LNds and the fifth s-LNv) of the clock network for proper timing of sleep onset. Tob levels cycle in a clock-dependent manner in these neurons. Silencing of these "evening" clock neurons results in an advanced sleep onset at night, similar to that seen with Tob knockdown. Finally, sharp intracellular recordings demonstrate that the amplitude and kinetics of LNd postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) cycle between day and night, and this cycling is attenuated with Tob knockdown in these cells. Our data suggest that Tob acts as a clock output molecule in a subset of clock neurons to potentiate their activity in the evening and enable the proper timing of sleep onset at night.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Han
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Sang Soo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Kristen H Park
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Ian D Blum
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Anuradha Mehta
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Isabelle Palmer
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Habon Issa
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Alice Han
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Matt P Brown
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | | | - Miguel Velasco
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Masashi Tabuchi
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Mark N Wu
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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Sekiguchi M, Katoh S, Yokosako T, Saito A, Sakai M, Fukuda A, Itoh TQ, Yoshii T. The Trissin/TrissinR signaling pathway in the circadian network regulates evening activity in Drosophila melanogaster under constant dark conditions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 704:149705. [PMID: 38430699 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The circadian clock in Drosophila is governed by a neural network comprising approximately 150 neurons, known as clock neurons, which are intricately interconnected by various neurotransmitters. The neuropeptides that play functional roles in these clock neurons have been identified; however, the roles of some neuropeptides, such as Trissin, remain unclear. Trissin is expressed in lateral dorsal clock neurons (LNds), while its receptor, TrissinR, is expressed in dorsal neuron 1 (DN1) and LNds. In this study, we investigated the role of the Trissin/TrissinR signaling pathway within the circadian network in Drosophila melanogaster. Analysis involving our newly generated antibody against the Trissin precursor revealed that Trissin expression in the LNds cycles in a circadian manner. Behavioral analysis further demonstrated that flies with Trissin or TrissinR knockout or knockdown showed delayed evening activity offset under constant darkness conditions. Notably, this observed delay in evening activity offset in TrissinRNAi flies was restored via the additional knockdown of Ion transport peptide (ITP), indicating that the Trissin/TrissinR signaling pathway transmits information via ITP. Therefore, this pathway may be a key regulator of the timing of evening activity offset termination, orchestrating its effects in collaboration with the neuropeptide, ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Sekiguchi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Shun Katoh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yokosako
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Aika Saito
- Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Momoka Sakai
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Ayumi Fukuda
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Taichi Q Itoh
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Taishi Yoshii
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan; Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
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Abhilash L, Shafer OT. A two-process model of Drosophila sleep reveals an inter-dependence between circadian clock speed and the rate of sleep pressure decay. Sleep 2024; 47:zsad277. [PMID: 37930351 PMCID: PMC11275470 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is controlled by two processes-a circadian clock that regulates its timing and a homeostat that regulates the drive to sleep. Drosophila has been an insightful model for understanding both processes. For four decades, Borbély and Daan's two-process model has provided a powerful framework for understanding sleep regulation. However, the field of fly sleep has not employed such a model as a framework for the investigation of sleep. To this end, we have adapted the two-process model to the fly and established its utility by showing that it can provide empirically testable predictions regarding the circadian and homeostatic control of fly sleep. We show that the ultradian rhythms previously reported for loss-of-function clock mutants in the fly are robustly detectable and a predictable consequence of a functional sleep homeostat in the absence of a functioning circadian system. We find that a model in which the circadian clock speed and homeostatic rates act without influencing each other provides imprecise predictions regarding how clock speed influences the strength of sleep rhythms and the amount of daily sleep. We also find that quantitatively good fits between empirical values and model predictions were achieved only when clock speeds were positively correlated with rates of decay of sleep pressure. Our results indicate that longer sleep bouts better reflect the homeostatic process than the current definition of sleep as any inactivity lasting 5 minutes or more. This two-process model represents a powerful framework for work on the molecular and physiological regulation of fly sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshman Abhilash
- The Advanced Science Research Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Orie Thomas Shafer
- The Advanced Science Research Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
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Fernandez MP, Trannoy S, Certel SJ. Fighting Flies: Quantifying and Analyzing Drosophila Aggression. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2023; 2023:618-627. [PMID: 37019610 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.top107985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Aggression is an innate behavior that likely evolved in the framework of defending or obtaining resources. This complex social behavior is influenced by genetic, environmental, and internal factors. Drosophila melanogaster remains an effective and exciting model organism with which to unravel the mechanistic basis of aggression due to its small but sophisticated brain, an impressive array of neurogenetic tools, and robust stereotypical behavioral patterns. The investigations of many laboratories have led to the identification of external and internal state factors that promote aggression, sex differences in the patterns and outcome of aggression, and neurotransmitters that regulate aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P Fernandez
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Barnard College, New York City, New York 10027, USA
| | - Severine Trannoy
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Sarah J Certel
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, USA
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Téfit MA, Budiman T, Dupriest A, Yew JY. Environmental microbes promote phenotypic plasticity in reproduction and sleep behaviour. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:5186-5200. [PMID: 37577956 PMCID: PMC10544802 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The microbiome has been hypothesized as a driving force of phenotypic variation in host organisms that is capable of extending metabolic processes, altering development and in some cases, conferring novel functions that are critical for survival. Only a few studies have directly shown a causal role for the environmental microbiome in altering host phenotypic features. To assess the extent to which environmental microbes induce variation in host life-history traits and behaviour, we inoculated axenic Drosophila melanogaster with microbes isolated from drosophilid populations collected from two different field sites and generated two populations with distinct bacterial and fungal profiles. We show that microbes isolated from environmental sites with modest abiotic differences induce large variation in host reproduction, fatty acid levels, stress tolerance and sleep behaviour. Importantly, clearing microbes from each experimental population removed the phenotypic differences. The results support the causal role of environmental microbes as drivers of host phenotypic plasticity and potentially, rapid adaptation and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélisandre A Téfit
- School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Tifanny Budiman
- School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Adrianna Dupriest
- School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Joanne Y Yew
- School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
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Brown MP, Verma S, Palmer I, Zuniga AG, Rosensweig C, Keles MF, Wu MN. A subclass of evening cells promotes the switch from arousal to sleep at dusk. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.28.555147. [PMID: 37693540 PMCID: PMC10491161 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.28.555147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Animals exhibit rhythmic patterns of behavior that are shaped by an internal circadian clock and the external environment. While light intensity varies across the day, there are particularly robust differences at twilight (dawn/dusk). These periods are also associated with major changes in behavioral states, such as the transition from arousal to sleep. However, the neural mechanisms by which time and environmental conditions promote these behavioral transitions are poorly defined. Here, we show that the E1 subclass of Drosophila evening clock neurons promotes the transition from arousal to sleep at dusk. We first demonstrate that the cell-autonomous clocks of E2 neurons alone are required to drive and adjust the phase of evening anticipation, the canonical behavior associated with "evening" clock neurons. We next show that conditionally silencing E1 neurons causes a significant delay in sleep onset after dusk. However, rather than simply promoting sleep, activating E1 neurons produces time- and light- dependent effects on behavior. Activation of E1 neurons has no effect early in the day, but then triggers arousal before dusk and induces sleep after dusk. Strikingly, these phenotypes critically depend on the presence of light during the day. Despite their influence on behavior around dusk, in vivo voltage imaging of E1 neurons reveals that their spiking rate does not vary between dawn and dusk. Moreover, E1-specific clock ablation has no effect on arousal or sleep. Thus, we suggest that, rather than specifying "evening" time, E1 neurons act, in concert with other rhythmic neurons, to promote behavioral transitions at dusk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P. Brown
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, U.S.A
| | - Shubha Verma
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, U.S.A
| | - Isabelle Palmer
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, U.S.A
| | | | - Clark Rosensweig
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60201, U.S.A
| | - Mehmet F. Keles
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, U.S.A
| | - Mark N. Wu
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, U.S.A
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, U.S.A
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Hidalgo S, Chiu JC. CRUMB: a shiny-based app to analyze rhythmic feeding in Drosophila using the FLIC system. F1000Res 2023; 12:374. [PMID: 37396048 PMCID: PMC10314183 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.132587.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhythmic feeding activity has become an important research area for circadian biologists as it is now clear that metabolic input is critical for regulating circadian rhythms, and chrononutrition has been shown to promote health span. In contrast to locomotor activity rhythm, studies conducting high throughput analysis of Drosophila rhythmic food intake have been limited and few monitoring system options are available. One monitoring system, the Fly Liquid-Food Interaction Counter (FLIC) has become popular, but there is a lack of efficient analysis toolkits to facilitate scalability and ensure reproducibility by using unified parameters for data analysis. Here, we developed Circadian Rhythm Using Mealtime Behavior (CRUMB), a user-friendly Shiny app to analyze data collected using the FLIC system. CRUMB leverages the 'plotly' and 'DT' packages to enable interactive raw data review as well as the generation of easily manipulable graphs and data tables. We used the main features of the FLIC master code provided with the system to retrieve feeding events and provide a simplified pipeline to conduct circadian analysis. We also replaced the use of base functions in time-consuming processes such as 'rle' and 'read.csv' with faster versions available from other packages to optimize computing time. We expect CRUMB to facilitate analysis of feeding-fasting rhythm as a robust output of the circadian clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Hidalgo
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 94534, USA
| | - Joanna C Chiu
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 94534, USA
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Kuwano R, Katsura M, Iwata M, Yokosako T, Yoshii T. Pigment-dispersing factor and CCHamide1 in the Drosophila circadian clock network. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:284-299. [PMID: 36786215 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2166416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Animals possess a circadian central clock in the brain, where circadian behavioural rhythms are generated. In the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster), the central clock comprises a network of approximately 150 clock neurons, which is important for the maintenance of a coherent and robust rhythm. Several neuropeptides involved in the network have been identified, including Pigment-dispersing factor (PDF) and CCHamide1 (CCHa1) neuropeptides. PDF signals bidirectionally to CCHa1-positive clock neurons; thus, the clock neuron groups expressing PDF and CCHa1 interact reciprocally. However, the role of these interactions in molecular and behavioural rhythms remains elusive. In this study, we generated Pdf 01 and CCHa1SK8 double mutants and examined their locomotor activity-related rhythms. The single mutants of Pdf 01 or CCHa1SK8 displayed free-running rhythms under constant dark conditions, whereas approximately 98% of the double mutants were arrhythmic. In light-dark conditions, the evening activity of the double mutants was phase-advanced compared with that of the single mutants. In contrast, both the single and double mutants had diminished morning activity. These results suggest that the effects of the double mutation varied in behavioural parameters. The double and triple mutants of per 01, Pdf 01, and CCHa1SK8 further revealed that PDF signalling plays a role in the suppression of activity during the daytime under a clock-less background. Our results provide insights into the interactions between PDF and CCHa1 signalling and their roles in activity rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riko Kuwano
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Maki Katsura
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mai Iwata
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yokosako
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Taishi Yoshii
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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