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Oka K. Fibrillin protein, a candidate for creating a suitable scaffold in PDL regeneration while avoiding ankylosis. Genesis 2022; 60:e23486. [PMID: 35678273 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The tooth is stabilized by fiber-rich tissue called the periodontal ligament (PDL). The narrow space of the PDL does not calcify in the physiological state even thought it exists between two calcified tissues, namely, the cementum of the root and alveolar bone. Two situations that require PDL regeneration are periodontitis and dental trauma. Periodontitis induces the loss of PDL and alveolar bone due to inflammation related to infection. Conversely, in PDLs damaged by dental trauma, accelerating bone formation as an overreaction of the healing process is induced, thereby inducing dentoalveolar ankylosis at the tooth root surface. PDL regeneration following dental trauma must therefore be considered separately from periodontitis. Therefore, PDL regeneration in dental trauma must be considered separately from periodontitis. This review focuses on the components involved in avoiding dentoalveolar ankylosis, including oxytalan fibers, aggregated microfibrils, epithelial cell rests of Malassez (ERM), and TGF-β signaling. During root development, oxytalan fibers produced by PDL cells work in collaboration with the epithelial components in the PDL (e.g., Hertwig's root sheath [HERS] and ERM). We herein describe the functions of oxytalan fibers, ERM, and TGF-β signals which are involved in the avoidance of bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Oka
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
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2
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K S, Vijayaraghavan N, Krishnan V. Time–dependent variation in expression patterns of Lysyl Oxidase, Type I Collagen and tropoelastin mRNA in response to orthodontic force application. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 102:218-224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Tsuruga E, Irie K, Yajima T. Fibrillin-2 Degradation by Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 in Periodontium. J Dent Res 2016; 86:352-6. [PMID: 17384031 DOI: 10.1177/154405910708600410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Elastic system fibers, comprised of microfibrils and tropoelastin, are extracellular components of periodontal tissue. During development, the microfibrils act as a template on which tropoelastin is deposited. However, the process of elastic system fiber remodeling is not fully understood. Therefore, we examined whether matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in the remodeling of fibrillins (major components of microfibrils) by human gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts. Gingival and PDL fibroblasts were cultured for 6 weeks. In some cultures, MMP inhibitor or tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinsase-2 (TIMP-2) was added to the medium for an additional 2 weeks. Active MMP-2 (62 kDa) appeared as cell-membrane-associated or in extracellular matrix only in PDL fibroblast cell layers. The addition of MMP inhibitor or TIMP-2 significantly increased fibrillin-2 accumulation in PDL fibroblast cell layers, and decreased the amount of fibrillin-2 fragments, suggesting that active MMP-2 may degrade fibrillin-2, and that MMPs may play a role in the remodeling of elastic system fibers in PDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tsuruga
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan.
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Kira-Tatsuoka M, Oka K, Tsuruga E, Ozaki M, Sawa Y. Immunohistochemical expression of fibrillin-1 and fibrillin-2 during tooth development. J Periodontal Res 2014; 50:714-20. [PMID: 25524144 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Oxytalan fibers are categorized as a microfibril assembly without elastin deposition, and are unique components in the periodontal ligament (PDL). However, little is known about their formation during PDL development. To clarify the mechanisms of oxytalan fiber formation in developing PDL, we performed immunohistochemical analysis to detect the direct expression of fibrillin-1 and fibrillin-2, which are major components of microfibrils. MATERIAL AND METHODS Frozen sections of lower molars from mice at several stages of growth were prepared without chemical fixation and decalcification using the film transfer method. Immunostaining was performed with anti-fibrillin-1 and -2, and anticytokeratin antibodies. RESULTS Fibrillin-1 was not expressed in the dental follicle during the crown forming stage. At postneonatal day 9, fibrillin-1 expression started with meshwork appearance between the epithelial cells from Hertwig's epithelial root sheath at the root dentin surface. Fibirillin-2 was detected much earlier than fibrillin-1 expression. Fibrillin-2 was expressed with a liner appearance, running parallel to the root axis in PDL, and was partially co-expressed with cytokeratin 14 expression in Hertwig's epithelial root sheath. Furthermore, we detected both fibrillin-1 and fibrillin-2 expression in human PDL. Fibrillin-1 was detected in fibers with a vertically oriented root axis in PDL. Fibrillin-2 was widely expressed in PDL, including around the epithelial cell rests of Malassez. Fibrillin-1 and fibrillin-2 were clearly co-expressed in thick fiber structures in human PDL. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that both fibrillin-1 and fibrillin-2 expression is required to form thick oxytalan fibers in PDL. Based on the expression patterns for fibrillin-1 and fibrillin-2, they have different functions during tooth root and PDL development. Early expression of fibrillin-2 may regulate dental epithelial cell behavior during root and PDL development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kira-Tatsuoka
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan.,Section of Functional Structure, Department of Morphological Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - K Oka
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - E Tsuruga
- Section of Functional Structure, Department of Morphological Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - M Ozaki
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Y Sawa
- Section of Functional Structure, Department of Morphological Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
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Fujita T, Tsuruga E, Yamanouchi K, Sawa Y, Ishikawa H. Microfibril-associated glycoprotein-1 controls human ciliary zonule development in vitro. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2014; 47:11-7. [PMID: 24761045 PMCID: PMC3972425 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The ciliary zonule in the eye, also known as Zinn’s zonule, is composed of oxytalan fibers, which are bundles of microfibrils consisting mainly of fibrillin-1. However, it is still unclear which of the microfibril-associated molecules present in the ciliary zonule controls oxytalan fibers. Microfibril-associated glycoprotein-1 (MAGP-1) is the only microfibril-associated molecule identified in the human ciliary zonule. In the present study, we used siRNA against MAGP-1 in cultures of human non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cells to examine the extracellular deposition and appearance of fibrillin-1 employing Western blotting and immunofluorescence. MAGP-1 suppression led to a reduction of fibrillin-1 deposition. Immunofluorescence also confirmed that RNAi-mediated down-regulation of MAGP-1 led to suppression of fiber development. These results suggest that MAGP-1 plays a crucial role in the extracellular deposition of fibrillin-1 during formation of the human ciliary zonule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Fujita
- Section of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Growth & Development, Division of Clinical Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Eichi Tsuruga
- Section of Functional Structure, Department of Morphological Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Kaori Yamanouchi
- Section of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Growth & Development, Division of Clinical Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Yoshihiko Sawa
- Section of Functional Structure, Department of Morphological Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Hiroyuki Ishikawa
- Section of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Growth & Development, Division of Clinical Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College
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Kawagoe M, Tsuruga E, Oka K, Sawa Y, Ishikawa H. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 degrades fibrillin-1 and fibrillin-2 of oxytalan fibers in the human eye and periodontal ligaments in vitro. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2013; 46:153-9. [PMID: 24194629 PMCID: PMC3813822 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxytalan fibers are distributed in the eye and periodontal ligaments (PDL). The ciliary zonule, known as Zinn’s zonule, in the eye is composed of oxytalan fibers, which are bundles of microfibrils consisting mainly of fibrillin-1 and fibrillin-2. As turnover of oxytalan fibers is slow during life, their degradation mechanism remains unclarified. This study was performed to examine degradation pattern of fibrillin-1 and fibrillin-2 by experimental MMP activation. We cultured human non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cells (HNPCEC) and PDL fibroblasts for 7 days, then treated them with concanavalin A to activate matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, and examined the degradation of fibrillin-1 and fibrillin-2 for 72 hr using immunofluorescence. At 7 days of HNPCEC culture, fibrillin-1-positive fibers were observed, some of which merged with fibrillin-2. After MMP-2 activation, fibrillin-1-positive fibers became thin and disappeared by 72 hr, while fibrillin-2-positive fibers disappeared almost completely within 24 hr. At 7 days of PDL fibroblast culture, fibrillin-1-positive fibers were mostly merged with fibrillin-2. After MMP-2 activation, fibrillin-1-positive fibers became thin by 24 hr and had almost disappeared by 48 hr, while fibrillin-2-positive fibers decreased constantly after 24 hr. A MMP-2 inhibitor completely suppressed these degradations. These results suggest that the patterns of fibrillin-1 and fibrillin-2 degradation differ between the eye and the PDL, possibly reflecting the sensitivity of fibrillin-1 and fibrillin-2 of each type of oxytalan fiber against MMP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Kawagoe
- Section of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Division of Clinical Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Eichi Tsuruga
- Section of Functional Structure, Department of Morphological Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Kyoko Oka
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Division of Clinical Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Yoshihiko Sawa
- Section of Functional Structure, Department of Morphological Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Hiroyuki Ishikawa
- Section of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Division of Clinical Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College
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Saito M, Kurokawa M, Oda M, Oshima M, Tsutsui K, Kosaka K, Nakao K, Ogawa M, Manabe RI, Suda N, Ganjargal G, Hada Y, Noguchi T, Teranaka T, Sekiguchi K, Yoneda T, Tsuji T. ADAMTSL6β protein rescues fibrillin-1 microfibril disorder in a Marfan syndrome mouse model through the promotion of fibrillin-1 assembly. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:38602-38613. [PMID: 21880733 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.243451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a systemic disorder of the connective tissues caused by insufficient fibrillin-1 microfibril formation and can cause cardiac complications, emphysema, ocular lens dislocation, and severe periodontal disease. ADAMTSL6β (A disintegrin-like metalloprotease domain with thrombospondin type I motifs-like 6β) is a microfibril-associated extracellular matrix protein expressed in various connective tissues that has been implicated in fibrillin-1 microfibril assembly. We here report that ADAMTSL6β plays an essential role in the development and regeneration of connective tissues. ADAMTSL6β expression rescues microfibril disorder after periodontal ligament injury in an MFS mouse model through the promotion of fibrillin-1 microfibril assembly. In addition, improved fibrillin-1 assembly in MFS mice following the administration of ADAMTSL6β attenuates the overactivation of TGF-β signals associated with the increased release of active TGF-β from disrupted fibrillin-1 microfibrils within periodontal ligaments. Our current data thus demonstrate the essential contribution of ADAMTSL6β to fibrillin-1 microfibril formation. These findings also suggest a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of MFS through ADAMTSL6β-mediated fibrillin-1 microfibril assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Saito
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
| | - Misaki Kurokawa
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Masahito Oda
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Oshima
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Ko Tsutsui
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Kosaka
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, Department of Oral Medicine, Kanagawa Dental College, Yokosuka Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Nakao
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Miho Ogawa
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Organ Technologies Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ri-Ichiroh Manabe
- RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Naoto Suda
- Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan
| | - Ganburged Ganjargal
- Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Hada
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan
| | - Toshihide Noguchi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nisshin 470-0195, Japan
| | - Toshio Teranaka
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, Department of Oral Medicine, Kanagawa Dental College, Yokosuka Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan
| | - Kiyotoshi Sekiguchi
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yoneda
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takashi Tsuji
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Organ Technologies Inc., Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Yamauchi Y, Tsuruga E, Nakashima K, Sawa Y, Ishikawa H. Fibulin-4 and -5, but not Fibulin-2, are Associated with Tropoelastin Deposition in Elastin-Producing Cell Culture. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2010; 43:131-8. [PMID: 21245979 PMCID: PMC3015050 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.10026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Elastic system fibers consist of microfibrils and tropoelastin. During development, microfibrils act as a template on which tropoelastin is deposited. Fibrillin-1 is the major component of microfibrils. It is not clear whether elastic fiber-associated molecules, such as fibulins, contribute to tropoelastin deposition. Among the fibulin family, fibulin-2, -4 and -5 are capable of binding to tropoelastin and fibrillin-1. In the present study, we used the RNA interference (RNAi) technique to establish individual gene-specific knockdown of fibulin-2, -4 and -5 in elastin-producing cells (human gingival fibroblasts; HGF). We then examined the extracellular deposition of tropoelastin using immunofluorescence. RNAi-mediated down-regulation of fibulin-4 and -5 was responsible for the diminution of tropoelastin deposition. Suppression of fibulin-5 appeared to inhibit the formation of fibrillin-1 microfibrils, while that of fibulin-4 did not. Similar results to those for HGF were obtained with human dermal fibroblasts. These results suggest that fibulin-4 and -5 may be associated in different ways with the extracellular deposition of tropoelastin during elastic fiber formation in elastin-producing cells in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Yamauchi
- Section of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Growth & Development, Division of Clinical Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Eichi Tsuruga
- Section of Functional Structure, Department of Morphological Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Kazuki Nakashima
- Section of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Growth & Development, Division of Clinical Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Yoshihiko Sawa
- Section of Functional Structure, Department of Morphological Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Hiroyuki Ishikawa
- Section of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Growth & Development, Division of Clinical Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College
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9
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Ultrastructural localization of fibrillin-1 and fibrillin-2 in oxytalan fibers in periodontal ligament of Japanese Macaca fuscata monkey. J Mol Histol 2010; 41:225-31. [PMID: 20676737 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-010-9282-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Hisanaga Y, Nakashima K, Tsuruga E, Nakatomi Y, Hatakeyama Y, Ishikawa H, Sawa Y. Fibulin-5 contributes to microfibril assembly in human periodontal ligament cells. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2009; 42:151-7. [PMID: 19918324 PMCID: PMC2775106 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.09021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The elastic system fibers comprise oxytalan, elaunin and elastic fibers, which differ in their relative microfibril and elastin content. Human periodontal ligaments (PDL) contain only oxytalan fibers (pure microfibrils) among them. Since fibulin-5 regulates the organization of elastic fibers to link the fibers to cells, we hypothesized that fibulin-5 may contribute to the formation of oxytalan fibers. We used siRNA for fibulin-5 in PDL cell culture to examine the extracellular deposition of fibrillin-1 and -2, which are the major components of microfibrils. Fibulin-5 was labeled on microfibrils positive for fibrillin-1 and -2. Fibulin-5 suppression reduced the level of fibrillin-1 and -2 deposition to 60% of the control level. These results suggest that fibulin-5 may control the formation of oxytalan fibers, and play a role in the homeostasis of oxytalan fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Hisanaga
- Section of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Growth & Development, Division of Clinical Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Kazuki Nakashima
- Section of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Growth & Development, Division of Clinical Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Eichi Tsuruga
- Section of Functional Structure, Department of Morphological Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Yuka Nakatomi
- Section of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Growth & Development, Division of Clinical Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Yuji Hatakeyama
- Section of Functional Structure, Department of Morphological Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Hiroyuki Ishikawa
- Section of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Growth & Development, Division of Clinical Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Yoshihiko Sawa
- Section of Functional Structure, Department of Morphological Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Fukuoka Dental College
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Marfan syndrome and its disorder in periodontal tissues. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2009; 312B:503-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.21278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Tsuruga E, Nakashima K, Ishikawa H, Yajima T, Sawa Y. Stretching modulates oxytalan fibers in human periodontal ligament cells. J Periodontal Res 2009; 44:170-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2008.01099.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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13
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Hwang JY, Johnson PY, Braun KR, Hinek A, Fischer JW, O'Brien KD, Starcher B, Clowes AW, Merrilees MJ, Wight TN. Retrovirally mediated overexpression of glycosaminoglycan-deficient biglycan in arterial smooth muscle cells induces tropoelastin synthesis and elastic fiber formation in vitro and in neointimae after vascular injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2008; 173:1919-28. [PMID: 18988796 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2008.070875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Galactosamine-containing glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), such as the chondroitin sulfate chains of the proteoglycan versican, have been shown to inhibit elastogenesis. Another proteoglycan that may influence elastogenesis is biglycan, which possesses two GAG chains. To assess the importance of these chains on elastogenesis in blood vessels, rat aortic smooth muscle cells were transduced with a GAG-deficient biglycan cDNA-containing retroviral vector (LmBSN). Control cells were transduced with either biglycan or empty vector. Transduced cells were characterized in vitro and then seeded into balloon-injured rat carotid arteries to determine the effects on neointimal structure. Cultured cells overexpressing LmBSN showed marked up-regulation of tropoelastin and fibulin-5 mRNAs, increased amounts of desmosine and insoluble elastin, and increased deposition of elastic fibers as compared with empty vector- and biglycan-transduced cells. Conversely, collagen alpha(1) synthesis and the deposition of collagen fibers were both markedly decreased in LmBSN cultures. In vivo, neointimae formed from cells that overexpressed LmBSN and showed increased deposits of elastin that aggregated into parallel nascent fibers, generally arranged circumferentially. Neointimae that formed from cells with biglycan or empty vector contained fewer and less aggregated deposits of elastin. These findings suggest that the GAG chains of biglycan serve as inhibitors of elastin synthesis and assembly, and that biglycan can act as an important modulator of the composition of the extracellular matrix of blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yong Hwang
- Hope Heart Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
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Tsuruga E, Sato A, Ueki T, Nakashima K, Nakatomi Y, Ishikawa H, Yajima T, Sawa Y. Integrin alphavbeta3 regulates microfibril assembly in human periodontal ligament cells. Tissue Cell 2008; 41:85-9. [PMID: 18789468 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2008.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2008] [Revised: 07/18/2008] [Accepted: 07/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Fibrillin-1 is the major structural component of extracellular microfibrils. However, the mechanism by which extracellular fibrillin-1 assembles into microfibrils is not fully understood. Fibrillin-1 contains the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif, which may allow binding to RGD-recognizing integrins. We hypothesized that integrin alphavbeta3 on the cell surface of human periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts may influence fibrillin-1 assembly into cell/matrix layers. We treated PDL fibroblasts with an integrin alphavbeta3-specific antagonist to examine fibrillin-1 assembly. Western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis showed that treatment with the integrin alphavbeta3 antagonist at 5 muM clearly abolished fibrillin-1 deposition. These results provide for the first time evidence that integrin alphavbeta3 regulates extracellular assembly of fibrillin-1, thereby modulating cell-mediated homeostasis of microfibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tsuruga
- Section of Functional Structure, Department of Morphological Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan.
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15
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Tsuruga E, Yajima T, Irie K. Microfibril-associated glycoprotein-1 and fibrillin-2 are associated with tropoelastin deposition in vitro. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2005; 37:120-9. [PMID: 15381155 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2004.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2004] [Accepted: 06/01/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Elastic system fibers consist of microfibrils and tropoelastin. During development, microfibrils act as a template on which tropoelastin is deposited. Microfibril-associated glycoprotein-1 (MAGP-1) and fibrillin-2, the major components of microfibrils, provide the likely template for tropoelastin deposition. In this study, we used the RNA interference (RNAi) technique to establish MAGP-1 and fibrillin-2 gene-specific knock-downs individually in elastin-producing cells (human gingival fibroblasts). We then examined the extracellular deposition of tropoelastin by western blotting. These two genes were specifically suppressed to < 30% of the control level, and this was responsible for the diminution of tropoelastin deposition. An immunofluorescence study also confirmed that RNAi-mediated down-regulation of MAGP-1 or fibrillin-2 led to the loss of tropoelastin immunoreactivity. These results suggest that MAGP-1 and fibrillin-2 are, directly or indirectly, associated with the extracellular deposition of tropoelastin during elastic fiber formation in human gingival fibroblasts in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eichi Tsuruga
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan.
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Tsuruga E, Yajima T, Irie K. Induction of fibulin-5 gene is regulated by tropoelastin gene, and correlated with tropoelastin accumulation in vitro. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2004; 36:395-400. [PMID: 14687918 DOI: 10.1016/s1357-2725(03)00238-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Fibulin-5 (also known as DANCE) is an elastin-binding protein that is thought to play a role in elastogenesis. We examined the relationship between the gene expression of fibulin-5 and the gene expression and accumulation of tropoelastin by comparing elastin-producing cells (human gingival fibroblasts) with non-elastin-producing cells (human periodontal ligament fibroblasts) by Northern blot analysis. Fibulin-5 gene induction was found only in elastin-producing cells. Induction of the fibulin-5 gene in elastin-producing cells occurred after induction of the tropoelastin gene, and the fibulin-5 level was reduced upon RNA interference-mediated down-regulation of tropoelastin. Fibulin-5 gene induction was also correlated with a rapid increase of tropoelastin accumulation within the cell layer. These results may suggest that the fibulin-5 gene induction is directly or indirectly regulated by tropoelastin gene expression and plays a role in the accumulation of elastic fibers within matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eichi Tsuruga
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan.
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