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Callegari E, Agnolucci J, Angiola F, Fais P, Giorgetti A, Giraudo C, Viel G, Cecchetto G. The Precision, Inter-Rater Reliability, and Accuracy of a Handheld Scanner Equipped with a Light Detection and Ranging Sensor in Measuring Parts of the Body-A Preliminary Validation Study. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:500. [PMID: 38257593 PMCID: PMC10820714 DOI: 10.3390/s24020500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthropometric measurements play a crucial role in medico-legal practices. Actually, several scanning technologies are employed in post-mortem investigations for forensic anthropological measurements. This study aims to evaluate the precision, inter-rater reliability, and accuracy of a handheld scanner in measuring various body parts. METHODS Three independent raters measured seven longitudinal distances using an iPad Pro equipped with a LiDAR sensor and specific software. These measurements were statistically compared to manual measurements conducted by an operator using a laser level and a meterstick (considered the gold standard). RESULTS The Friedman test revealed minimal intra-rater variability in digital measurements. Inter-rater variability analysis yielded an ICC = 1, signifying high agreement among the three independent raters. Additionally, the accuracy of digital measurements displayed errors below 1.5%. CONCLUSIONS Preliminary findings demonstrate that the pairing of LiDAR technology with the Polycam app (ver. 3.2.11) and subsequent digital measurements with the MeshLab software (ver. 2022.02) exhibits high precision, inter-rater agreement, and accuracy. Handheld scanners show potential in forensic anthropology due to their simplicity, affordability, and portability. However, further validation studies under real-world conditions are essential to establish the reliability and effectiveness of handheld scanners in medico-legal settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Callegari
- Unit of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Falloppio 50, 35100 Padova, Italy; (E.C.); (J.A.); (F.A.); (G.V.)
| | - Jacopo Agnolucci
- Unit of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Falloppio 50, 35100 Padova, Italy; (E.C.); (J.A.); (F.A.); (G.V.)
| | - Francesco Angiola
- Unit of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Falloppio 50, 35100 Padova, Italy; (E.C.); (J.A.); (F.A.); (G.V.)
| | - Paolo Fais
- Unit of Legal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Zamboni 33, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (P.F.); (A.G.)
| | - Arianna Giorgetti
- Unit of Legal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Zamboni 33, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (P.F.); (A.G.)
| | - Chiara Giraudo
- Unit of Radiology, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35100 Padova, Italy;
| | - Guido Viel
- Unit of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Falloppio 50, 35100 Padova, Italy; (E.C.); (J.A.); (F.A.); (G.V.)
| | - Giovanni Cecchetto
- Unit of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Falloppio 50, 35100 Padova, Italy; (E.C.); (J.A.); (F.A.); (G.V.)
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Beucler N, Haikal C, Kaya JM. A Penetrating Lumbar Spine Injury With Misleading Neurological Symptoms. Mil Med 2023; 188:e440-e444. [PMID: 33852015 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usab137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Penetrating spinal injuries require specific neurosurgical attention. To date, there are no guidelines regarding emergency neurosurgical management of such injuries and the decision whether to operate is made individually, based on the neurological examination and the analysis of any imaging available. We report the case of a 22-year-old patient who sustained two gunshots in the thighs and one in the lumbar spine. Clinical examination revealed neurological deficit in both legs prevailing on the right side. Discussion between the radiologist and the neurosurgeon concluded to an injury to the left S1 nerve root within the spinal canal, and to the right sciatic nerve. Thus, there was no need for a decompressive laminectomy. In the light of the current literature, penetrating spinal injuries rarely require an extensive surgical exploration; indications for such a procedure include incomplete neurological deficit with persistent neurological compression, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, and obvious instability. Furthermore, penetrating spinal injuries are rarely encountered, even for military neurosurgeons. Their surgical management and especially the need for laminectomy, stabilization, and dural sac watertight closure are still a matter of debate. An expert consensus statement would give food to surgeons facing penetrating spinal injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Beucler
- Neurosurgery Department, Sainte-Anne Military Teaching Hospital, Toulon, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur 83800, France.,Ecole du Val-de-Grâce, French Military Health Service Academy, Paris, Ile-de-France 75230, France
| | - Christelle Haikal
- Radiology Department, Timone University Hospital, APHM, Marseille, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur 13005, France
| | - Jean-Marc Kaya
- Neurosurgery Department, Nord University Hospital, APHM, Marseille, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur 13015, France
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Ditkofsky N, Nair JR, Frank Y, Mathur S, Nanda B, Moreland R, Rotman JA. Understanding Ballistic Injuries. Radiol Clin North Am 2023; 61:119-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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