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Gibson D, Brar V, Li R, Kalra A, Goodwin A, Couser N. The High Association of Ophthalmic Manifestations in Individuals With Mucolipidosis Type IV. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2022; 59:332-337. [PMID: 35192386 DOI: 10.3928/01913913-20211206-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To present a case report of mucolipidosis type IV (ML4) and review the literature for all of the ophthalmic abnormalities associated with this disease. METHODS A systematic review of the literature using PubMed/Medline was conducted, and with the addition of the current case report, the eye and ocular adnexa findings of 93 patients with ML4 are summarized. RESULTS The most common ophthalmic findings reported among the 93 patients included corneal clouding (90.3%), strabismus (58.1%), optic nerve pallor (52.2%), retinal dystrophy/pigmentary changes (50.5%), and retinal vascular attenuation (38.9%). Other less commonly reported findings included nystagmus, photophobia, ocular pain, excessive lacrimation, ptosis, and cataracts. CONCLUSIONS The ophthalmic findings discussed in the current case report and literature review serve as indicators for ML4. Early diagnosis of ML4 is important in forming a multidisciplinary management plan, genetic counseling strategy, and maximizing the visual development of affected individuals. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabimus. 2022;59(5):332-337.].
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Mucolipidosis Type IV in Omani Families with a Novel MCOLN1 Mutation: Search for Evidence of Founder Effect. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020248. [PMID: 35205297 PMCID: PMC8872508 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucolipidosis Type IV (MLIV) is caused by a deficiency of the mucolipin cation channel encoded by Mucolipin TRP Cation Channel 1 gene (MCOLN1). It is a slowly progressive neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorder causing severe psychomotor developmental delay and progressive visual impairment, which is often misdiagnosed as cerebral palsy. We describe six patients with MLIV from two Omani families with a novel c.237+5G>A mutation in the MCOLN1 gene predicted to affect mRNA splicing. Mutation screening with a high-resolution melting (HRM) assay in a large population sample did not detect this mutation in control subjects. This report highlights the importance of considering MLIV in the differential diagnosis of patients in a pediatric age group with cerebral palsy-like presentation. Although the same rare mutation was seen in two apparently unrelated families, this was not seen in the sample screened from the general population. The HRM assay provides a cost-effective assay for population screening for the c.237+5G>A mutation.
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Jezela-Stanek A, Ciara E, Stepien KM. Neuropathophysiology, Genetic Profile, and Clinical Manifestation of Mucolipidosis IV-A Review and Case Series. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124564. [PMID: 32604955 PMCID: PMC7348969 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV) is an ultra-rare lysosomal storage disorder caused by biallelic mutations in MCOLN1 gene encoding the transient receptor potential channel mucolipin-1. So far, 35 pathogenic or likely pathogenic MLIV-related variants have been described. Clinical manifestations include severe intellectual disability, speech deficit, progressive visual impairment leading to blindness, and myopathy. The severity of the condition may vary, including less severe psychomotor delay and/or ocular findings. As no striking recognizable facial dysmorphism, skeletal anomalies, organomegaly, or lysosomal enzyme abnormalities in serum are common features of MLIV, the clinical diagnosis may be significantly improved because of characteristic ophthalmological anomalies. This review aims to outline the pathophysiology and genetic defects of this condition with a focus on the genotype–phenotype correlation amongst cases published in the literature. The authors will present their own clinical observations and long-term outcomes in adult MLIV cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Jezela-Stanek
- Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Ciara
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Children’s Memorial Heath Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Karolina M. Stepien
- Adult Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford M6 8HD, UK
- Correspondence:
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Crouch DJM, Winney B, Koppen WP, Christmas WJ, Hutnik K, Day T, Meena D, Boumertit A, Hysi P, Nessa A, Spector TD, Kittler J, Bodmer WF. Genetics of the human face: Identification of large-effect single gene variants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E676-E685. [PMID: 29301965 PMCID: PMC5789906 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1708207114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To discover specific variants with relatively large effects on the human face, we have devised an approach to identifying facial features with high heritability. This is based on using twin data to estimate the additive genetic value of each point on a face, as provided by a 3D camera system. In addition, we have used the ethnic difference between East Asian and European faces as a further source of face genetic variation. We use principal components (PCs) analysis to provide a fine definition of the surface features of human faces around the eyes and of the profile, and chose upper and lower 10% extremes of the most heritable PCs for looking for genetic associations. Using this strategy for the analysis of 3D images of 1,832 unique volunteers from the well-characterized People of the British Isles study and 1,567 unique twin images from the TwinsUK cohort, together with genetic data for 500,000 SNPs, we have identified three specific genetic variants with notable effects on facial profiles and eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J M Crouch
- Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Bruce Winney
- Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Willem P Koppen
- Centre for Vision, Speech and Signal Processing, Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - William J Christmas
- Centre for Vision, Speech and Signal Processing, Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Katarzyna Hutnik
- Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Tammy Day
- Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Devendra Meena
- Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Abdelhamid Boumertit
- Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Pirro Hysi
- TwinsUK, St. Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Ayrun Nessa
- TwinsUK, St. Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Tim D Spector
- TwinsUK, St. Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Josef Kittler
- Centre for Vision, Speech and Signal Processing, Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Walter F Bodmer
- Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom;
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
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Affiliation(s)
- Vykuntaraju K Gowda
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. .,Bangalore Child Neurology and Rehabilitation Center, No 8/A, First Cross, First Main, Near Adhichunchanagiri Choultry, Vijayanagar, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560104, India.
| | | | - Maya Bhat
- Department of Neuroradiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Asha Benakappa
- Department of Pediatrics, Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Wakabayashi K, Gustafson AM, Sidransky E, Goldin E. Mucolipidosis type IV: an update. Mol Genet Metab 2011; 104:206-13. [PMID: 21763169 PMCID: PMC3205274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV) is a neurodevelopmental as well as neurodegenerative disorder with severe psychomotor developmental delay, progressive visual impairment, and achlorydria. It is characterized by the presence of lysosomal inclusions in many cell types in patients. MLIV is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in MCOLN1, which encodes for mucolipin-1, a member of the transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channel family. Although approximately 70-80% of patients identified are Ashkenazi Jewish, MLIV is a pan-ethnic disorder. Importantly, while MLIV is thought to be a rare disease, its frequency may be greater than currently appreciated, for its common presentation as a cerebral palsy-like encephalopathy can lead to misdiagnosis. Moreover, patients with milder variants are often not recognized as having MLIV. This review provides an update on the ethnic distribution, clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, methods of diagnosis, molecular genetics, differential diagnosis, and treatment of patients with MLIV. An enhanced awareness of the manifestations of this disorder may help to elucidate the true frequency and range of symptoms associated with MLIV, providing insight into the pathogenesis of this multi-system disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ellen Sidransky
- Section on Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 35, Room 1A213, 35 Convent Dr., MSC 3708, Bethesda, MD 20892-3708
| | - Ehud Goldin
- Section on Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 35, Room 1A213, 35 Convent Dr., MSC 3708, Bethesda, MD 20892-3708
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Geer JS, Skinner SA, Goldin E, Holden KR. Mucolipidosis type IV: a subtle pediatric neurodegenerative disorder. Pediatr Neurol 2010; 42:223-6. [PMID: 20159435 PMCID: PMC2824620 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2009.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2009] [Revised: 09/22/2009] [Accepted: 10/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The mucolipidoses are a heterogeneous group of autosomal recessive neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorders. Mucolipidosis type IV is rare; it is seen predominantly in the Ashkenazi Jewish population and usually presents with global neurodevelopmental delays in infancy, subtle corneal opacifications or clouding, and very slowly progressive neurodegeneration over many years. Elevation of serum gastrin is reported; findings from x-rays of bone and joints and lysosomal studies are normal. Reported here are two cases of mucolipidosis type IV in children not of Ashkenazi Jewish origin who presented during infancy with nonspecific global psychomotor delays, generalized hypotonia, and mild corneal abnormalities, but remained undiagnosed for years. A rare gene mutation in MCOLN1 was confirmed in one of the two patients, in addition to abnormal serum gastrin levels. More striking was the length of time that these children eluded detection of their final diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ehud Goldin
- Developmental and Metabolic Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kenton R. Holden
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, South Carolina, Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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