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Guillet S, Lazarov T, Jordan N, Boisson B, Tello M, Craddock B, Zhou T, Nishi C, Bareja R, Yang H, Rieux-Laucat F, Lorenzo RIF, Dyall SD, Isenberg D, D’Cruz D, Lachmann N, Elemento O, Viale A, Socci ND, Abel L, Nagata S, Huse M, Miller WT, Casanova JL, Geissmann F. ACK1 and BRK non-receptor tyrosine kinase deficiencies are associated with familial systemic lupus and involved in efferocytosis. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.02.15.24302255. [PMID: 38883731 PMCID: PMC11177913 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.15.24302255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease, the pathophysiology and genetic basis of which are incompletely understood. Using a forward genetic screen in multiplex families with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) we identified an association between SLE and compound heterozygous deleterious variants in the non-receptor tyrosine kinases (NRTKs) ACK1 and BRK. Experimental blockade of ACK1 or BRK increased circulating autoantibodies in vivo in mice and exacerbated glomerular IgG deposits in an SLE mouse model. Mechanistically, non-receptor tyrosine kinases (NRTKs) regulate activation, migration, and proliferation of immune cells. We found that the patients' ACK1 and BRK variants impair efferocytosis, the MERTK-mediated anti-inflammatory response to apoptotic cells, in human induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (hiPSC)-derived macrophages, which may contribute to SLE pathogenesis. Overall, our data suggest that ACK1 and BRK deficiencies are associated with human SLE and impair efferocytosis in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Guillet
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Ecole doctorale Bio Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité.Paris, France
| | - Tomi Lazarov
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of MedicalSciences, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Natasha Jordan
- Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Inflammation (CMCBI), King’s College London and Louise Coote Lupus Unit, Guy’s and Thomas’ Hospitals, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Bertrand Boisson
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, 10065 NY, USA
- University of Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Maria Tello
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Barbara Craddock
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8661
| | - Ting Zhou
- SKI Stem Cell Research Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Chihiro Nishi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry & Immunology, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871
| | - Rohan Bareja
- Cary and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Meyer Cancer Center Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Hairu Yang
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | | | | | - Sabrina D. Dyall
- Department of Biosciences and Ocean Studies, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius
| | - David Isenberg
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, The Rayne Building, University College London
| | - David D’Cruz
- Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Inflammation (CMCBI), King’s College London and Louise Coote Lupus Unit, Guy’s and Thomas’ Hospitals, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Nico Lachmann
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Cary and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Meyer Cancer Center Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Agnes Viale
- Marie-Josée & Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Nicholas D. Socci
- Marie-Josée & Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Bioinformatics Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Laurent Abel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, 10065 NY, USA
- University of Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Shigekazu Nagata
- Laboratory of Biochemistry & Immunology, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871
| | - Morgan Huse
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - W. Todd Miller
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8661
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, 10065 NY, USA
- University of Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, 10065 NY, USA
- Lab of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, INSERM, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France, EU
- Department of Pediatrics, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France, EU
| | - Frederic Geissmann
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of MedicalSciences, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Inflammation (CMCBI), King’s College London and Louise Coote Lupus Unit, Guy’s and Thomas’ Hospitals, London SE1 1UL, UK
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Qin Y, Ma J, Vinuesa CG. Monogenic lupus: insights into disease pathogenesis and therapeutic opportunities. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2024; 36:191-200. [PMID: 38420886 PMCID: PMC7616038 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000001008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to provide an overview of the genes and molecular pathways involved in monogenic lupus, the implications for genome diagnosis, and the potential therapies targeting these molecular mechanisms. RECENT FINDINGS To date, more than 30 genes have been identified as contributors to monogenic lupus. These genes are primarily related to complement deficiency, activation of the type I interferon (IFN) pathway, disruption of B-cell and T-cell tolerance and metabolic pathways, which reveal the multifaceted nature of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis. SUMMARY In-depth study of the causes of monogenic lupus can provide valuable insights into of pathogenic mechanisms of SLE, facilitate the identification of effective biomarkers, and aid in developing therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Qin
- China Australia Centre for Personalized Immunology (CACPI), Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Jianyang Ma
- China Australia Centre for Personalized Immunology (CACPI), Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Carola G. Vinuesa
- China Australia Centre for Personalized Immunology (CACPI), Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
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Egleston M, Dong L, Howlader AH, Bhat S, Orris B, Bianchet MA, Greenberg MM, Stivers JT. Deoxyguanosine-Linked Bifunctional Inhibitor of SAMHD1 dNTPase Activity and Nucleic Acid Binding. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:2200-2210. [PMID: 37233733 PMCID: PMC10596003 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sterile alpha motif histidine-aspartate domain protein 1 (SAMHD1) is a deoxynucleotide triphosphohydrolase that exists in monomeric, dimeric, and tetrameric forms. It is activated by GTP binding to an A1 allosteric site on each monomer subunit, which induces dimerization, a prerequisite for dNTP-induced tetramerization. SAMHD1 is a validated drug target stemming from its inactivation of many anticancer nucleoside drugs leading to drug resistance. The enzyme also possesses a single-strand nucleic acid binding function that promotes RNA and DNA homeostasis by several mechanisms. To discover small molecule inhibitors of SAMHD1, we screened a custom ∼69 000-compound library for dNTPase inhibitors. Surprisingly, this effort yielded no viable hits and indicated that exceptional barriers for discovery of small molecule inhibitors existed. We then took a rational fragment-based inhibitor design approach using a deoxyguanosine (dG) A1 site targeting fragment. A targeted chemical library was synthesized by coupling a 5'-phosphoryl propylamine dG fragment (dGpC3NH2) to 376 carboxylic acids (RCOOH). Direct screening of the products (dGpC3NHCO-R) yielded nine initial hits, one of which (R = 3-(3'-bromo-[1,1'-biphenyl]), 5a) was investigated extensively. Amide 5a is a competitive inhibitor against GTP binding to the A1 site and induces inactive dimers that are deficient in tetramerization. Surprisingly, 5a also prevented ssDNA and ssRNA binding, demonstrating that the dNTPase and nucleic acid binding functions of SAMHD1 can be disrupted by a single small molecule. A structure of the SAMHD1-5a complex indicates that the biphenyl fragment impedes a conformational change in the C-terminal lobe that is required for tetramerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Egleston
- Department
of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Linghao Dong
- Department
of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - A. Hasan Howlader
- Department
of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Shridhar Bhat
- Department
of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Benjamin Orris
- Department
of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Mario A. Bianchet
- Department
of Neurology and Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Marc M. Greenberg
- Department
of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - James T. Stivers
- Department
of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
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Gagne S, Sivaraman V, Akoghlanian S. Interferonopathies masquerading as non-Mendelian autoimmune diseases: pattern recognition for early diagnosis. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1169638. [PMID: 37622085 PMCID: PMC10445166 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1169638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I interferonopathies are a broad category of conditions associated with increased type I interferon gene expression and include monogenic autoinflammatory diseases and non-Mendelian autoimmune diseases such as dermatomyositis and systemic lupus erythematosus. While a wide range of clinical presentations among type I interferonopathies exists, these conditions often share several clinical manifestations and implications for treatment. Presenting symptoms may mimic non-Mendelian autoimmune diseases, including vasculitis and systemic lupus erythematosus, leading to delayed or missed diagnosis. This review aims to raise awareness about the varied presentations of monogenic interferonopathies to provide early recognition and appropriate treatment to prevent irreversible damage and improve quality of life and outcomes in this unique patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Gagne
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Vidya Sivaraman
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Shoghik Akoghlanian
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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Hong SM, Chen W, Feng J, Dai D, Shen N. Novel Mutations in ACP5 and SAMHD1 in a Patient With Pediatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:885006. [PMID: 35633950 PMCID: PMC9136231 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.885006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study of genetic predisposition to pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (pSLE) has brought new insights into the pathophysiology of SLE, as it is hypothesized that genetic predisposition is greater in children. Furthermore, identifying genetic variants and linking disrupted genes to abnormal immune pathways and clinical manifestations can be beneficial for both diagnosis and treatment. Here, we identified genetic alterations in a patient with childhood-onset SLE and analyzed the immunological mechanisms behind them to support future diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. METHODS Whole exome sequencing (WES) was adopted for genetic analysis of a patient with childhood-onset SLE. Gene mutations were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Clinical data of this patient were collected and summarized. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was used to provide interacting genes of the perturbed genes. Online Enrichr tool and Cytoscape software were used to analysis the related pathways of these genes. RESULTS We present a case of a 2-year-old girl who was diagnosed with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and SLE. The patient was characterized by cutaneous bleeding spots on both lower extremities, thrombocytopenia, decreased serum complements levels, increased urinary red blood cells, and positive ANA and dsDNA. The patient was treated with methylprednisolone and mycophenolate, but clinical remission could not be achieved. The genomic analysis identified three novel mutations in this pSLE patient, a double-stranded missense mutation in ACP5 (c.1152G>T and c.420G>A) and a single-stranded mutation in SAMHD1 (c.1423G>A). Bioinformatic analysis showed that these two genes and their interacting genes are enriched in the regulation of multiple immune pathways associated with SLE, including cytokine signaling and immune cell activation or function. Analysis of the synergistic regulation of these two genes suggests that abnormalities in the type I interferon pathway caused by genetic variants may contribute to the pathogenesis of SLE. CONCLUSION The combined complexity of polymorphisms in the coding regions of ACP5 and SAMHD1 influences the susceptibility to SLE. Alterations in these genes may lead to abnormalities in the type I interferon pathway. Our study extends the spectrum of mutations in the ACP5 and SAMHD1 genes. The identification of these mutations could aid in the diagnosis of SLE with genetic counseling and suggest potential precise treatments for specific pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Min Hong
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Feng
- Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dai Dai
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shenzhen Futian Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Shenzhen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE) and Divisions of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Joint Research Laboratory for Rheumatology of Shenzhen University Health Science Center and Shenzhen Futian Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Shenzhen, China
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Wang K, Zhang Z, Meng D, Li J. Investigating genetic drivers of juvenile dermatomyositis pathogenesis using bioinformatics methods. J Dermatol 2021; 48:1007-1020. [PMID: 33891717 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is a chronic autoimmune disease. The pathogenic mechanisms remain ill-defined. The purpose of this study was to identify key genes related to JDM. Microarray datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The differentially expressed genes (DEG) were identified. Then, Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were carried out. In addition, the hub genes were selected by cytoHubba. The expression profile and diagnostic capacity (receiver-operator curve [ROC]) of interested hub genes were verified. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was also carried out. Moreover, the signature of hub genes was then used as a search query to explore the Connectivity Map (CMAP). A total of 128 DEG were identified. The enriched functions and pathways of the DEG include response to virus, negative regulation of cell migration, cadmium ion transmembrane transport, defense response to Gram-negative bacterium, positive regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation, and negative regulation of angiogenesis. Twenty-one hub genes were identified. The expression levels of the interested genes were also confirmed. ROC analysis confirmed that the expression of these genes can distinguish JDM from controls. GSEA showed that these genes are mainly related to "inflammatory response", "complement", "interferon-α response", "IL6/JAK/STAT3 signaling", "TGF-β signaling", "IL2/STAT5 signaling" and "TNF-α signaling via NF-κB". The CMAP research found some compounds with the potential to counteract the effects of the dysregulated molecular signature in JDM. In this study, bioinformatics methods were used to identify DEG, which helps us understand the molecular mechanisms of JDM and provide candidate targets for diagnosis and treatment of JDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Zhongyuan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Deqian Meng
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Ju Li
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
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De Giorgis V, Varesio C, Viri M, Giordano L, La Piana R, Tonduti D, Roncarolo F, Masnada S, Pichiecchio A, Veggiotti P, Fazzi E, Orcesi S. The epileptology of Aicardi-Goutières syndrome: electro-clinical-radiological findings. Seizure 2021; 86:197-209. [PMID: 33589296 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although epileptic seizures occur in approximately a quarter of patients with Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS), their phenotypic and electrophysiological characterization remains elusive. The aim of our study was to characterize epilepsy phenotypes and electroencephalographic (EEG) patterns in AGS and look for possible correlations with clinical, genetic and neuroradiological features. METHODS We selected patients with an established AGS diagnosis followed at three Italian reference centers. Medical records, EEGs and MRI/CT findings were reviewed. EEGs were independently and blindly reviewed by three board-certified pediatric epileptologists. Chi square and Fisher's exact tests were used to test associations between epilepsy and EEG feature categories and clinical, radiological and genetic variables. RESULTS Twenty-seven patients were enrolled. We reviewed 63 EEGs and at least one brain MRI scan per patient. Epilepsy, mainly in the form of epileptic spasms and focal seizures, was present in 37 % of the cohort; mean age at epilepsy onset was 9.5 months (range 1-36). The presence of epilepsy was associated with calcification severity (p = 0.016) and startle reactions (p = 0.05). Organization of EEG electrical activity appeared to be disrupted or markedly disrupted in 73 % of cases. Severe EEG disorganization correlated with microcephaly (p < 0.001) and highly abnormal MRI T2-weighted signal intensity in white matter (p = 0.022). Physiological organization of the EEG was found to be better preserved during sleep (87 %) than wakefulness (38 %). Focal slow activity was recorded in more than one third of cases. Fast activity, either diffuse or with frontal location, was more frequent in the awake state (78 %) than in sleep (50 %). Interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) were present in 33 % of awake and 45 % of sleep recordings. IEDs during sleep were associated with a higher risk of a epileptic seizures (p = 0.008). SIGNIFICANCE The hallmarks of EEG recordings in AGS were found to be: disruption of electrical organization, the presence of focal slow and fast activity, and the presence of IEDs, both in patients with and in those without epilepsy. The associations between epilepsy and calcification and between EEG pattern and the finding of a highly abnormal white matter T2 signal intensity suggest a common anatomical correlate. However, the complex anatomical-electroclinical basis of AGS-related epilepsy still requires further elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina De Giorgis
- Department of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Costanza Varesio
- Department of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Viri
- Department of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, AOU Maggiore della Carità Novara, Novara, Italy
| | - Lucio Giordano
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta La Piana
- Department of Neuroradiology and Laboratory of Neurogenetics of Motion, Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A2B4, Canada
| | - Davide Tonduti
- Pediatric Neurology Unit - COALA (Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Leukodystrophies) -V. Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Roncarolo
- Institute of Public Health Research of University of Montreal (IRSPUM), University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Silvia Masnada
- Pediatric Neurology Unit - COALA (Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Leukodystrophies) -V. Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Pichiecchio
- Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Veggiotti
- Pediatric Neurology Unit - COALA (Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Leukodystrophies) -V. Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy; Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Department, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Fazzi
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Simona Orcesi
- Department of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Efficient Generation and Correction of Mutations in Human iPS Cells Utilizing mRNAs of CRISPR Base Editors and Prime Editors. Genes (Basel) 2020. [PMID: 32384610 DOI: 10.3390/genes11050511.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to CRISPR/Cas9 nucleases, CRISPR base editors (BE) and prime editors (PE) enable predefined nucleotide exchanges in genomic sequences without generating DNA double strand breaks. Here, we employed BE and PE mRNAs in conjunction with chemically synthesized sgRNAs and pegRNAs for efficient editing of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). Whereas we were unable to correct a disease-causing mutation in patient derived iPSCs using a CRISPR/Cas9 nuclease approach, we corrected the mutation back to wild type with high efficiency utilizing an adenine BE. We also used adenine and cytosine BEs to introduce nine different cancer associated TP53 mutations into human iPSCs with up to 90% efficiency, generating a panel of cell lines to investigate the biology of these mutations in an isogenic background. Finally, we pioneered the use of prime editing in human iPSCs, opening this important cell type for the precise modification of nucleotides not addressable by BEs and to multiple nucleotide exchanges. These approaches eliminate the necessity of deriving disease specific iPSCs from human donors and allows the comparison of different disease-causing mutations in isogenic genetic backgrounds.
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9
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Sürün D, Schneider A, Mircetic J, Neumann K, Lansing F, Paszkowski-Rogacz M, Hänchen V, Lee-Kirsch MA, Buchholz F. Efficient Generation and Correction of Mutations in Human iPS Cells Utilizing mRNAs of CRISPR Base Editors and Prime Editors. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E511. [PMID: 32384610 PMCID: PMC7288465 DOI: 10.3390/genes11050511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In contrast to CRISPR/Cas9 nucleases, CRISPR base editors (BE) and prime editors (PE) enable predefined nucleotide exchanges in genomic sequences without generating DNA double strand breaks. Here, we employed BE and PE mRNAs in conjunction with chemically synthesized sgRNAs and pegRNAs for efficient editing of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). Whereas we were unable to correct a disease-causing mutation in patient derived iPSCs using a CRISPR/Cas9 nuclease approach, we corrected the mutation back to wild type with high efficiency utilizing an adenine BE. We also used adenine and cytosine BEs to introduce nine different cancer associated TP53 mutations into human iPSCs with up to 90% efficiency, generating a panel of cell lines to investigate the biology of these mutations in an isogenic background. Finally, we pioneered the use of prime editing in human iPSCs, opening this important cell type for the precise modification of nucleotides not addressable by BEs and to multiple nucleotide exchanges. These approaches eliminate the necessity of deriving disease specific iPSCs from human donors and allows the comparison of different disease-causing mutations in isogenic genetic backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duran Sürün
- Medical Systems Biology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (D.S.); (A.S.); (J.M.); (F.L.); (M.P.-R.)
| | - Aksana Schneider
- Medical Systems Biology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (D.S.); (A.S.); (J.M.); (F.L.); (M.P.-R.)
| | - Jovan Mircetic
- Medical Systems Biology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (D.S.); (A.S.); (J.M.); (F.L.); (M.P.-R.)
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden (NCT/UCC), Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Katrin Neumann
- Stem Cell Engineering Facility, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Felix Lansing
- Medical Systems Biology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (D.S.); (A.S.); (J.M.); (F.L.); (M.P.-R.)
| | - Maciej Paszkowski-Rogacz
- Medical Systems Biology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (D.S.); (A.S.); (J.M.); (F.L.); (M.P.-R.)
| | - Vanessa Hänchen
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (V.H.); (M.A.L.-K.)
| | - Min Ae Lee-Kirsch
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (V.H.); (M.A.L.-K.)
| | - Frank Buchholz
- Medical Systems Biology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (D.S.); (A.S.); (J.M.); (F.L.); (M.P.-R.)
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10
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Zhang Z, Zheng L, Yu Y, Wu J, Yang F, Xu Y, Guo Q, Wu X, Cao S, Cao L, Song X. Involvement of SAMHD1 in dNTP homeostasis and the maintenance of genomic integrity and oncotherapy (Review). Int J Oncol 2020; 56:879-888. [PMID: 32319570 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.4988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sterile alpha motif and histidine/aspartic acid domain‑containing protein 1 (SAMHD1), the only deoxynucleotide triphosphate (dNTP) hydrolase in eukaryotes, plays a crucial role in regulating the dynamic balance and ratio of cellular dNTP pools. Furthermore, SAMHD1 has been reported to be involved in the pathological process of several diseases. Homozygous SAMHD1 mutations have been identified in immune system disorders, such as autoimmune disease Aicardi‑Goutières syndrome (AGS), whose primary pathogenesis is associated with the abnormal accumulation and disproportion of dNTPs. SAMHD1 is also considered to be an intrinsic virus‑restriction factor by suppressing the viral infection process, including reverse transcription, replication, packaging and transmission. In addition, SAMHD1 has been shown to promote genome integrity during homologous recombination following DNA damage, thus being considered a promising candidate for oncotherapy applications. The present review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of SAMHD1 regarding the regulation of dNTP homeostasis and DNA damage response. Additionally, its potential effects on tumorigenesis and oncotherapy are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Lixia Zheng
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Jinying Wu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Yingxi Xu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Qiqiang Guo
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Wu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Sunrun Cao
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Liu Cao
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
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11
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Qin Z, Bonifati S, St Gelais C, Li TW, Kim SH, Antonucci JM, Mahboubi B, Yount JS, Xiong Y, Kim B, Wu L. The dNTPase activity of SAMHD1 is important for its suppression of innate immune responses in differentiated monocytic cells. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:1575-1586. [PMID: 31914403 PMCID: PMC7008377 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sterile alpha motif and HD domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) is a deoxynucleoside triphosphohydrolase (dNTPase) with a nuclear localization signal (NLS). SAMHD1 suppresses innate immune responses to viral infection and inflammatory stimuli by inhibiting the NF-κB and type I interferon (IFN-I) pathways. However, whether the dNTPase activity and nuclear localization of SAMHD1 are required for its suppression of innate immunity remains unknown. Here, we report that the dNTPase activity, but not nuclear localization of SAMHD1, is important for its suppression of innate immune responses in differentiated monocytic cells. We generated monocytic U937 cell lines stably expressing WT SAMHD1 or mutated variants defective in dNTPase activity (HD/RN) or nuclear localization (mNLS). WT SAMHD1 in differentiated U937 cells significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNAs, as well as IFN-α, IFN-β, and TNF-α mRNA levels induced by Sendai virus infection. In contrast, the HD/RN mutant did not exhibit this inhibition in either U937 or THP-1 cells, indicating that the dNTPase activity of SAMHD1 is important for suppressing NF-κB activation. Of note, in lipopolysaccharide-treated or Sendai virus-infected U937 or THP-1 cells, the mNLS variant reduced TNF-α or IFN-β mRNA expression to a similar extent as did WT SAMHD1, suggesting that SAMHD1-mediated inhibition of innate immune responses is independent of SAMHD1's nuclear localization. Moreover, WT and mutant SAMHD1 similarly interacted with key proteins in NF-κB and IFN-I pathways in cells. This study further defines the role and mechanisms of SAMHD1 in suppressing innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Qin
- Center for Retrovirus Research, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Serena Bonifati
- Center for Retrovirus Research, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Corine St Gelais
- Center for Retrovirus Research, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Tai-Wei Li
- Center for Retrovirus Research, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Sun-Hee Kim
- Center for Retrovirus Research, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Jenna M Antonucci
- Center for Retrovirus Research, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Bijan Mahboubi
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Jacob S Yount
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Yong Xiong
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Baek Kim
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Li Wu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242; Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210.
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12
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Tirosh I, Spielman S, Barel O, Ram R, Stauber T, Paret G, Rubinsthein M, Pessach IM, Gerstein M, Anikster Y, Shukrun R, Dagan A, Adler K, Pode-Shakked B, Volkov A, Perelman M, Greenberger S, Somech R, Lahav E, Majmundar AJ, Padeh S, Hildebrandt F, Vivante A. Whole exome sequencing in childhood-onset lupus frequently detects single gene etiologies. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2019; 17:52. [PMID: 31362757 PMCID: PMC6668194 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-019-0349-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) comprise a diverse range of clinical manifestations. To date, more than 30 single gene causes of lupus/lupus like syndromes in humans have been identified. In the clinical setting, identifying the underlying molecular diagnosis is challenging due to phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. METHODS We employed whole exome sequencing (WES) in patients presenting with childhood-onset lupus with severe and/or atypical presentations to identify cases that are explained by a single-gene (monogenic) cause. RESULTS From January 2015 to June 2018 15 new cases of childhood-onset SLE were diagnosed in Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital. By WES we identified causative mutations in four subjects in five different genes: C1QC, SLC7A7, MAN2B1, PTEN and STAT1. No molecular diagnoses were established on clinical grounds prior to genetic testing. CONCLUSIONS We identified a significant fraction of monogenic SLE etiologies using WES and confirm the genetic locus heterogeneity in childhood-onset lupus. These results highlight the importance of establishing a genetic diagnosis for children with severe or atypical lupus by providing accurate and early etiology-based diagnoses and improving subsequent clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irit Tirosh
- 0000 0001 2107 2845grid.413795.dDepartment of Pediatrics B, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601 Ramat Gan, Israel ,0000 0001 2107 2845grid.413795.dRheumatology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel ,0000 0004 1937 0546grid.12136.37Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Shiri Spielman
- 0000 0001 2107 2845grid.413795.dRheumatology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel ,0000 0004 1937 0546grid.12136.37Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ortal Barel
- 0000 0001 2107 2845grid.413795.dThe Genomic Unit, Sheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Reut Ram
- 0000 0001 2107 2845grid.413795.dDepartment of Pediatrics B, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601 Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Tali Stauber
- 0000 0001 2107 2845grid.413795.dDepartment of Pediatrics A Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel ,0000 0004 1937 0546grid.12136.37Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Gideon Paret
- 0000 0001 2107 2845grid.413795.dIntensive care unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel ,0000 0004 1937 0546grid.12136.37Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Marina Rubinsthein
- 0000 0001 2107 2845grid.413795.dIntensive care unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel ,0000 0004 1937 0546grid.12136.37Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Itai M. Pessach
- 0000 0001 2107 2845grid.413795.dIntensive care unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel ,0000 0004 1937 0546grid.12136.37Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Maya Gerstein
- 0000 0001 2107 2845grid.413795.dDepartment of Pediatrics B, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601 Ramat Gan, Israel ,0000 0004 1937 0546grid.12136.37Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yair Anikster
- 0000 0001 2107 2845grid.413795.dMetabolic Disease Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel ,0000 0004 1937 0546grid.12136.37Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Rachel Shukrun
- 0000 0001 2107 2845grid.413795.dDepartment of Pediatrics B, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601 Ramat Gan, Israel ,0000 0004 1937 0546grid.12136.37Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Adi Dagan
- 0000 0001 2107 2845grid.413795.dDepartment of Pediatrics B, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601 Ramat Gan, Israel ,0000 0004 1937 0546grid.12136.37Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Katerina Adler
- 0000 0001 2107 2845grid.413795.dThe Genomic Unit, Sheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ben Pode-Shakked
- 0000 0001 2107 2845grid.413795.dDepartment of Pediatrics B, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601 Ramat Gan, Israel ,0000 0001 2107 2845grid.413795.dMetabolic Disease Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel ,0000 0004 1937 0546grid.12136.37Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Alexander Volkov
- 0000 0001 2107 2845grid.413795.dPathology Department, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel ,0000 0004 1937 0546grid.12136.37Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Marina Perelman
- 0000 0001 2107 2845grid.413795.dPathology Department, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel ,0000 0004 1937 0546grid.12136.37Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Shoshana Greenberger
- 0000 0001 2107 2845grid.413795.dDepartment of Dermatology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel ,0000 0004 1937 0546grid.12136.37Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Raz Somech
- 0000 0001 2107 2845grid.413795.dDepartment of Pediatrics A Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel ,0000 0004 1937 0546grid.12136.37Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Einat Lahav
- 0000 0001 2107 2845grid.413795.dDepartment of Pediatrics A Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel ,0000 0004 1937 0546grid.12136.37Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel ,0000 0001 2107 2845grid.413795.dNephrology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, 5265601 Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Amar J. Majmundar
- 000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cDivision of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Shai Padeh
- 0000 0001 2107 2845grid.413795.dDepartment of Pediatrics B, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601 Ramat Gan, Israel ,0000 0004 1937 0546grid.12136.37Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- 000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cDivision of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Asaf Vivante
- Department of Pediatrics B, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Ramat Gan, Israel. .,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel. .,Nephrology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, 5265601, Ramat Gan, Israel.
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13
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Samanta D, Ramakrishnaiah R, Crary SE, Sukumaran S, Burrow TA. Multiple Autoimmune Disorders in Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome. Pediatr Neurol 2019; 96:37-39. [PMID: 30898416 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aicardi-Goutières syndrome is an early-onset encephalopathy with presumed immune pathogenesis caused by inherited defects in nucleic acid metabolism. It is a model disease to study systemic autoimmunity, and there are many clinical, genetic, and basic science considerations that underline a possible overlap between Aicardi-Goutières syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus. RESULTS We describe a 15-year-old girl with Aicardi-Goutières syndrome due to compound heterozygous pathogenic variants in SAMHD1 (sterile alpha motif domain and HD domain-containing protein 1). Over time, she developed multiple autoimmune diseases (vitiligo, alopecia areata, immune thrombocytopenia, positive antithyroglobulin antibodies) without positive antinuclear antibody or features of systemic lupus erythematosus. Her thrombocytopenia was refractory to treatment with corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin but responded to a standard course of rituximab. CONCLUSION This is the first report of a multiple autoimmune syndrome in a patient with molecularly proven Aicardi-Goutières syndrome. This study illustrates an emerging pattern of the natural history of Aicardi-Goutières syndrome characterized by early encephalopathic presentation followed by symptoms of systemic autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debopam Samanta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas.
| | - Raghu Ramakrishnaiah
- Division of Neuroradiology and Pediatric Radiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Shelley E Crary
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Sukesh Sukumaran
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Thomas A Burrow
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
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14
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Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of SAMHD1 is important for LINE-1 suppression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 510:551-557. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Martinez-Lopez A, Martin-Fernandez M, Buta S, Kim B, Bogunovic D, Diaz-Griffero F. SAMHD1 deficient human monocytes autonomously trigger type I interferon. Mol Immunol 2018; 101:450-460. [PMID: 30099227 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Germline mutations in the human SAMHD1 gene cause the development of Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome (AGS), with a dominant feature being increased systemic type I interferon(IFN) production. Here we tested the state of type I IFN induction and response to, in SAMHD1 knockout (KO) human monocytic cells. SAMHD1 KO cells exhibited spontaneous transcription and translation of IFN-β and subsequent interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) as compared to parental wild-type cells. This elevation of IFN-β and ISGs was abrogated via inhibition of the TBK1-IRF3 pathway in the SAMHD1 KO cells. In agreement, we found that SAMHD1 KO cells present high levels of phosphorylated TBK1 when compared to control cells. Moreover, addition of blocking antibody against type I IFN also reversed elevation of ISGs. These experiments suggested that SAMHD1 KO cells are persistently auto-stimulating the TBK1-IRF3 pathway, leading to an enhanced production of type I IFN and subsequent self-induction of ISGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Martinez-Lopez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Marta Martin-Fernandez
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Sofija Buta
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Baek Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Dusan Bogunovic
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Felipe Diaz-Griffero
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States.
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16
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Monogenic systemic lupus erythematosus: insights in pathophysiology. Rheumatol Int 2018; 38:1763-1775. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-018-4048-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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17
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review recent scientific advances and therapeutic approaches in the expanding field of type I interferonopathies. Type I interferonopathies represent a genetically and phenotypically heterogenous group of disorders of the innate immune system caused by constitutive activation of antiviral type I interferon (IFN). Clinically, type I interferonopathies are characterized by autoinflammation and varying degrees of autoimmunity or immunodeficiency. The elucidation of the underlying genetic causes has revealed novel cell-intrinsic mechanisms that protect the organism against inappropriate immune recognition of self nucleic acids by cytosolic nucleic acid sensors. The type I IFN system is subject to a tight and complex regulation. Disturbances of its checks and balances can spark an unwanted immune response causing uncontrolled type I IFN signaling. Novel mechanistic insight into pathways that control the type I IFN system is providing opportunities for targeted therapeutic approaches by repurposing drugs such as Janus kinase inhibitors or reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
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18
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Kretschmer S, Lee-Kirsch MA. Type I interferon-mediated autoinflammation and autoimmunity. Curr Opin Immunol 2017; 49:96-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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19
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease known for its clinical heterogeneity. Over time, new insights into the complex genetic origin of SLE have started to explain some of this clinical variability. These findings, reviewed here, have also yielded important understanding in the immune mechanisms behind SLE pathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS Several new monogenic disorders with lupus-like phenotype have been described. These can be organized into physiologic pathways that parallel mechanisms of disease in SLE. Examples include genes important for DNA damage repair (e.g., TREX1), nucleic acid sensing and type I interferon overproduction (e.g., STING, TREX1), apoptosis (FASLG), tolerance (PRKCD), and clearance of self-antigen (DNASE1L3). Further study of monogenic lupus may lead to better genotype/phenotype correlations in SLE. Eventually, the ability to understand individual patients according to their genetic profile may allow the development of more targeted and personalized approaches to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindy S Lo
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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20
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Achleitner M, Kleefisch M, Hennig A, Peschke K, Polikarpova A, Oertel R, Gabriel B, Schulze L, Lindeman D, Gerbaulet A, Fiebig U, Lee-Kirsch MA, Roers A, Behrendt R. Lack of Trex1 Causes Systemic Autoimmunity despite the Presence of Antiretroviral Drugs. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:2261-2269. [PMID: 28835460 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Biallelic mutations of three prime repair exonuclease 1 (TREX1) cause the lupus-like disease Aicardi-Goutières syndrome in which accumulation of a yet unknown endogenous DNA substrate of TREX1 triggers a cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-dependent type I IFN response and systemic autoimmunity. Products of reverse transcription originating from endogenous retroelements have been suggested to be a major substrate for TREX1, and reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs) were proposed as a therapeutic option in autoimmunity ensuing from defects of TREX1. In this study, we treated Trex1-/- mice with RTIs. The serum RTI levels reached were sufficient to block retrotransposition of endogenous retroelements. However, the treatment did not reduce the spontaneous type I IFN response and did not ameliorate lethal inflammation. Furthermore, long interspersed nuclear elements 1 retrotransposition was not enhanced in the absence of Trex1. Our data do not support the concept of retroelement-derived cDNA as key triggers of systemic autoimmunity in Trex1-deficient humans and mice and motivate the continuing search for the pathogenic IFN-inducing Trex1 substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Achleitner
- Institute for Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Kleefisch
- Institute for Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Hennig
- Institute for Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Katrin Peschke
- Institute for Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anastasia Polikarpova
- Institute for Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Reinhard Oertel
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Benjamin Gabriel
- Division for HIV and Other Retroviruses, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Livia Schulze
- Institute for Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dirk Lindeman
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; and
| | - Alexander Gerbaulet
- Institute for Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Uwe Fiebig
- Division for HIV and Other Retroviruses, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Min Ae Lee-Kirsch
- Molecular Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Axel Roers
- Institute for Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Rayk Behrendt
- Institute for Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
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21
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Tsokos GC, Lo MS, Costa Reis P, Sullivan KE. New insights into the immunopathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2017; 12:716-730. [PMID: 27872476 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2016.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 783] [Impact Index Per Article: 111.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aetiology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is multifactorial, and includes contributions from the environment, stochastic factors, and genetic susceptibility. Great gains have been made in understanding SLE through the use of genetic variant identification, mouse models, gene expression studies, and epigenetic analyses. Collectively, these studies support the concept that defective clearance of immune complexes and biological waste (such as apoptotic cells), neutrophil extracellular traps, nucleic acid sensing, lymphocyte signalling, and interferon production pathways are all central to loss of tolerance and tissue damage. Increased understanding of the pathogenesis of SLE is driving a renewed interest in targeted therapy, and researchers are now on the verge of developing targeted immunotherapy directed at treating either specific organ system involvement or specific subsets of patients with SLE. Accordingly, this Review places these insights within the context of our current understanding of the pathogenesis of SLE and highlights pathways that are ripe for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- George C Tsokos
- Division of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Mindy S Lo
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Patricia Costa Reis
- Department of Pediatrics, Lisbon Medical School, Lisbon University, Santa Maria Hospital, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-035 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Kathleen E Sullivan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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22
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White TE, Brandariz-Nuñez A, Martinez-Lopez A, Knowlton C, Lenzi G, Kim B, Ivanov D, Diaz-Griffero F. A SAMHD1 mutation associated with Aicardi-Goutières syndrome uncouples the ability of SAMHD1 to restrict HIV-1 from its ability to downmodulate type I interferon in humans. Hum Mutat 2017; 38:658-668. [PMID: 28229507 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the human SAMHD1 gene are known to correlate with the development of the Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS), which is an inflammatory encephalopathy that exhibits neurological dysfunction characterized by increased production of type I interferon (IFN); this evidence has led to the concept that the SAMHD1 protein negatively regulates the type I IFN response. Additionally, the SAMHD1 protein has been shown to prevent efficient HIV-1 infection of macrophages, dendritic cells, and resting CD4+ T cells. To gain insights on the SAMHD1 molecular determinants that are responsible for the deregulated production of type I IFN, we explored the biochemical, cellular, and antiviral properties of human SAMHD1 mutants known to correlate with the development of AGS. Most of the studied SAMHD1 AGS mutants exhibit defects in the ability to oligomerize, decrease the levels of cellular deoxynucleotide triphosphates in human cells, localize exclusively to the nucleus, and restrict HIV-1 infection. At least half of the tested variants preserved the ability to be degraded by the lentiviral protein Vpx, and all of them interacted with RNA. Our investigations revealed that the SAMHD1 AGS variant p.G209S preserve all tested biochemical, cellular, and antiviral properties, suggesting that this residue is a determinant for the ability of SAMHD1 to negatively regulate the type I IFN response in human patients with AGS. Overall, our work genetically separated the ability of SAMHD1 to negatively regulate the type I IFN response from its ability to restrict HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy E White
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, New York
| | - Alberto Brandariz-Nuñez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, New York
| | - Alicia Martinez-Lopez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, New York
| | | | - Gina Lenzi
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Baek Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Dmitri Ivanov
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Felipe Diaz-Griffero
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, New York
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23
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Li M, Zhang D, Zhu M, Shen Y, Wei W, Ying S, Korner H, Li J. Roles of SAMHD1 in antiviral defense, autoimmunity and cancer. Rev Med Virol 2017; 27. [PMID: 28444859 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme, sterile α motif and histidine-aspartic acid domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) diminishes infection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) by hydrolyzing intracellular deoxynucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs) in myeloid cells and resting CD4+ T cells. This dNTP degradation reduces the dNTP concentration to a level insufficient for viral cDNA synthesis, thereby inhibiting retroviral replication. This antiviral enzymatic activity can be inhibited by viral protein X (Vpx). The HIV-2/SIV Vpx causes degradation of SAMHD1, thus interfering with the SAMHD1-mediated restriction of retroviral replication. Recently, SAMHD1 has been suggested to restrict HIV-1 infection by directly digesting genomic HIV-1 RNA through a still controversial RNase activity. Here, we summarize the current knowledge about structure, antiviral mechanisms, intracellular localization, interferon-regulated expression of SAMHD1. We also describe SAMHD1-deficient animal models and an antiviral drug on the basis of disrupting proteasomal degradation of SAMHD1. In addition, the possible roles of SAMHD1 in regulating innate immune sensing, Aicardi-Goutières syndrome and cancer are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, PR China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Mengying Zhu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Yuxian Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Songcheng Ying
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, PR China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Heinrich Korner
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui Province, PR China.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, PR China
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24
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Devarapu SK, Lorenz G, Kulkarni OP, Anders HJ, Mulay SR. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Autoimmunity and Lupus Nephritis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 332:43-154. [PMID: 28526137 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmunity involves immune responses directed against self, which are a result of defective self/foreign distinction of the immune system, leading to proliferation of self-reactive lymphocytes, and is characterized by systemic, as well as tissue-specific, inflammation. Numerous mechanisms operate to ensure the immune tolerance to self-antigens. However, monogenetic defects or genetic variants that weaken immune tolerance render susceptibility to the loss of immune tolerance, which is further triggered by environmental factors. In this review, we discuss the phenomenon of immune tolerance, genetic and environmental factors that influence the immune tolerance, factors that induce autoimmunity such as epigenetic and transcription factors, neutrophil extracellular trap formation, extracellular vesicles, ion channels, and lipid mediators, as well as costimulatory or coinhibitory molecules that contribute to an autoimmune response. Further, we discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms of autoimmune tissue injury and inflammation during systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Devarapu
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - G Lorenz
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Abteilung für Nephrologie, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - H-J Anders
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - S R Mulay
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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25
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Azizi G, Pouyani MR, Abolhassani H, Sharifi L, dizaji MZ, Mohammadi J, Mirshafiey A, Aghamohammadi A. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of immune dysregulation and autoimmunity. Cell Immunol 2016; 310:14-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) play a central role in the immune defense against viral infections. Type I IFN activation is induced by pattern-recognition receptors of the innate immune system that sense pathogen-derived nucleic acids. Cellular responses to type I IFN signaling are orchestrated by a complex network of regulatory pathways that involve both the innate and adaptive immune system. The genetic and molecular dissection of rare Mendelian disorders associated with constitutive overproduction of type I IFN has provided unique insight into cell-intrinsic disease mechanisms that initiate and sustain autoinflammation and autoimmunity and that are caused by disturbances in the intracellular nucleic acid metabolism or in cytosolic nucleic acid-sensing pathways. Collectively, these findings have greatly advanced our understanding of mechanisms that protect the organism against inappropriate immune activation triggered by self nucleic acids while maintaining a prompt and efficient immune response to foreign nucleic acids derived from invading pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ae Lee-Kirsch
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany;
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27
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Li Y, Kong J, Peng X, Hou W, Qin X, Yu XF. Structural Insights into the High-efficiency Catalytic Mechanism of the Sterile α-Motif/Histidine-Aspartate Domain-containing Protein. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:29428-37. [PMID: 26438820 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.663658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sterile α-motif/histidine-aspartate domain-containing protein (SAMHD1), a homo-tetrameric GTP/dGTP-dependent dNTP triphosphohydrolase, catalyzes the conversion of dNTP into deoxynucleoside and triphosphate. As the only characterized dNTP triphosphohydrolase in human cells, SAMHD1 plays an important role in human innate immunity, autoimmunity, and cell cycle control. Previous biochemical studies and crystal structures have revealed that SAMHD1 interconverts between an inactive monomeric or dimeric form and a dGTP/GTP-induced active tetrameric form. Here, we describe a novel state of SAMHD1 (109-626 amino acids, SAMHD1C) that is characterized by a rapid initial hydrolysis rate. Interestingly, the crystal structure showed that this novel SAMHD1 tetramer contains only GTP and has structural features distinct from the GTP/dNTP-bound SAMHD1 tetramer. Our work thus reveals structural features of SAMHD1 that may represent one of its biological assembly states in cells. The biochemical and structural information generated by the present study not only provides an ordered pathway for the assembly and activation of SAMHD1 but also provides insights into the potential mechanisms of the high-efficiency catalytic activity of this enzyme family in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Li
- From the School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072 and
| | - Jia Kong
- From the School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072 and
| | - Xin Peng
- From the School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072 and
| | - Wen Hou
- From the School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072 and
| | - Xiaohong Qin
- From the School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072 and
| | - Xiao-Fang Yu
- From the School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072 and the Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, 519 East Minzhu Avenue, Changchun 130061, Jilin Province, China
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28
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Seamon KJ, Stivers JT. A High-Throughput Enzyme-Coupled Assay for SAMHD1 dNTPase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 20:801-9. [PMID: 25755265 DOI: 10.1177/1087057115575150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sterile alpha motif and histidine-aspartate domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) is a recently discovered enzyme that plays a central role in nucleotide metabolism and innate immunity. SAMHD1 has deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) triphosphohydrolase activity that depletes the dNTP substrates required for DNA synthesis in cells. The involvement of SAMHD1 in biological processes as varied as viral restriction, endogenous retroelement control, cancer, and modulation of anticancer/antiviral nucleoside drug efficacy makes it a valuable target for the development of small-molecule inhibitors. We report a high-throughput colorimetric assay for SAMHD1 dNTP hydrolase activity that takes advantage of Escherichia coli inorganic pyrophosphatase to convert PPPi to 3 Pi. The assay was validated by screening a library of 2653 clinically used compounds. Fifteen primary hits were obtained (0.57% hit rate); 80% of these were confirmed in a direct secondary assay for dNTP hydrolysis. The zinc salt of the antibiotic cephalosporin C was a potent inhibitor of SAMHD1 with an IC50 of 1.1 ± 0.1 µM, and this inhibition was largely attributable to the presence of zinc. The assay also screened a targeted library of nucleosides and their analogs, revealing that the antiviral drug acycloguanosine (acyclovir) is an inhibitor possessing excellent properties for future fragment-based drug development efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Seamon
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James T Stivers
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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29
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Schmidt S, Schenkova K, Adam T, Erikson E, Lehmann-Koch J, Sertel S, Verhasselt B, Fackler OT, Lasitschka F, Keppler OT. SAMHD1's protein expression profile in humans. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 98:5-14. [PMID: 25646359 PMCID: PMC7166976 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4hi0714-338rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
First cross‐sectional expression profile of SAMHD1 in human tissue provides insight into its regulation on HIV target cells and effects its expression or phosphorylation state by proinflammatory cytokines. The deoxynucleoside triphosphate triphosphohydrolase and 3′ → 5′ exonuclease SAMHD1 restricts HIV‐1 infection in noncycling hematopoietic cells in vitro, and SAMHD1 mutations are associated with AGS. Little is known about the in vivo expression and functional regulation of this cellular factor. Here, we first assessed the SAMHD1 protein expression profile on a microarray of 25 human tissues from >210 donors and in purified primary cell populations. In vivo, SAMHD1 was expressed in the majority of nucleated cells of hematopoietic origin, including tissue‐resident macrophages, DCs, pDCs, all developmental stages of thymic T cells, monocytes, NK cells, as well as at lower levels in B cells. Of note, SAMHD1 was abundantly expressed in HIV target cells residing in the anogenital mucosa, providing a basis for its evaluation as a cellular factor that may impact the efficiency of HIV transmission. Next, we examined the effect of the activation status and proinflammatory cytokine treatment of cells on expression and phosphorylation of SAMHD1. Activated, HIV‐susceptible CD4+ T cells carried pSAMHD1(T592), whereas resting CD4+ T cells and macrophages expressed the unphosphorylated protein with HIV‐restrictive activity. Surprisingly, stimulation of these primary cells with IFN‐α, IFN‐γ, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐12, IL‐18, IL‐27, or TNF‐α affected neither SAMHD1 expression levels nor threonine 592 phosphorylation. Only IL‐1β moderately down‐regulated SAMHD1 in activated CD4+ T cells. Taken together, this study establishes the first cross‐sectional protein expression profile of SAMHD1 in human tissues and provides insight into its cell cycle‐dependent phosphorylation and unresponsiveness to multiple proinflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Schmidt
- *Institute of Medical Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, University of Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, Institute of Pathology, and Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, Heidelberg, Germany; and Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristina Schenkova
- *Institute of Medical Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, University of Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, Institute of Pathology, and Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, Heidelberg, Germany; and Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tarek Adam
- *Institute of Medical Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, University of Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, Institute of Pathology, and Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, Heidelberg, Germany; and Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elina Erikson
- *Institute of Medical Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, University of Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, Institute of Pathology, and Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, Heidelberg, Germany; and Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Judith Lehmann-Koch
- *Institute of Medical Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, University of Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, Institute of Pathology, and Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, Heidelberg, Germany; and Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Serkan Sertel
- *Institute of Medical Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, University of Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, Institute of Pathology, and Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, Heidelberg, Germany; and Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bruno Verhasselt
- *Institute of Medical Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, University of Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, Institute of Pathology, and Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, Heidelberg, Germany; and Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Oliver T Fackler
- *Institute of Medical Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, University of Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, Institute of Pathology, and Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, Heidelberg, Germany; and Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Felix Lasitschka
- *Institute of Medical Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, University of Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, Institute of Pathology, and Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, Heidelberg, Germany; and Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Oliver T Keppler
- *Institute of Medical Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, University of Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, Institute of Pathology, and Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, Heidelberg, Germany; and Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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30
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Koharudin LMI, Wu Y, DeLucia M, Mehrens J, Gronenborn AM, Ahn J. Structural basis of allosteric activation of sterile α motif and histidine-aspartate domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) by nucleoside triphosphates. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:32617-27. [PMID: 25288794 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.591958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sterile α motif and histidine-aspartate domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) plays a critical role in inhibiting HIV infection, curtailing the pool of dNTPs available for reverse transcription of the viral genome. Recent structural data suggested a compelling mechanism for the regulation of SAMHD1 enzymatic activity and revealed dGTP-induced association of two inactive dimers into an active tetrameric enzyme. Here, we present the crystal structures of SAMHD1 catalytic core (residues 113-626) tetramers, complexed with mixtures of nucleotides, including dGTP/dATP, dGTP/dCTP, dGTP/dTTP, and dGTP/dUTP. The combined structural and biochemical data provide insight into dNTP promiscuity at the secondary allosteric site and how enzymatic activity is modulated. In addition, we present biochemical analyses of GTP-induced SAMHD1 full-length tetramerization and the structure of SAMHD1 catalytic core tetramer in complex with GTP/dATP, revealing the structural basis of GTP-mediated SAMHD1 activation. Altogether, the data presented here advance our understanding of SAMHD1 function during cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardus M I Koharudin
- From the Department of Structural Biology and Pittsburgh Center for HIV-Host Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Ying Wu
- From the Department of Structural Biology and Pittsburgh Center for HIV-Host Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Maria DeLucia
- From the Department of Structural Biology and Pittsburgh Center for HIV-Host Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Jennifer Mehrens
- From the Department of Structural Biology and Pittsburgh Center for HIV-Host Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Angela M Gronenborn
- From the Department of Structural Biology and Pittsburgh Center for HIV-Host Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Jinwoo Ahn
- From the Department of Structural Biology and Pittsburgh Center for HIV-Host Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
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31
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Abstract
Paediatric-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is usually more severe than its adult counterpart. In particular, there is a higher incidence of renal and central nervous system involvement. Specific measures to assess disease activity and damage have been implemented. The disease is very rare before the fifth birthday and therefore the onset of an SLE picture in the first years of life should lead to the suspicion of the presence of one of the rare monogenic diseases that causes SLE or of one of those congenital diseases that has been showed to be closely associated with the SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Malattia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Genoa and Pediatria e Reumatologia, G. Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy.
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Ramantani G, Maillard LG, Bast T, Husain RA, Niggemann P, Kohlhase J, Hertzberg C, Ungerath K, Innes MA, Walkenhorst H, Bevot A, von Stülpnagel C, Thomas K, Niemann F, Ergun MA, Tacke U, Häusler M, Ikonomidou C, Korinthenberg R, Lee-Kirsch MA. Epilepsy in Aicardi-Goutières syndrome. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2014; 18:30-7. [PMID: 24011626 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS) is a genetically determined early-onset encephalopathy with variable phenotype, including neurologic manifestations such as dystonia, spasticity, epileptic seizures, progressive microcephaly, and severe developmental delay. The aim of our study was the characterization of epilepsy, one of the most frequent and severe AGS manifestations, in molecularly confirmed patients. METHODS We reviewed the medical records, EEG, and CT/MRI findings in 16 patients aged 1-22 years that carried AGS1-5 mutations. RESULTS Epilepsy manifested in 12 (75%) patients and took a refractory course in 9 (56%). 4 (25%) patients presented with seizures in the first four weeks and 11 (69%) altogether in the first year of life. Spasms were reported in 3 (19%) patients, focal seizures in 4 (25%), myoclonic in 5 (31%), symmetric or asymmetric tonic in 11 (69%), generalized tonic-clonic in 3 (19%) and status epilepticus in 4 (25%). EEG recordings initially showed a slow and disorganized background, followed by a regional intermittent theta/delta slow, while obvious multifocal or generalized epileptic discharges were only observed at follow-up. None of these EEG features were specific of AGS. There was no discernible correlation between the genotype and epilepsy onset, seizure types and epilepsy evolution. Epilepsy severity did not correspond to neuroimaging pathology. DISCUSSION Epilepsy constitutes a cardinal feature of AGS, characterized by early onset, predominantly tonic semiology and a refractory course. The early discrimination of epileptic seizures from paroxysmal dystonia poses a challenge for neuropaediatricians, considering the initially inconspicuous or non-specific EEG findings. This study underlines the necessity of a more systematic serial evaluation of AGS patients using long-term video-EEG recordings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Ramantani
- Epilepsy Center, University Hospital Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 64, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Louis G Maillard
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Nancy, Lorraine University, Nancy, France
| | | | - Ralf A Husain
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Children's Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | | | | | - Christoph Hertzberg
- Diagnose und Behandlungszentrum für Kinder und Jugendliche, Vivantes Klinikum Neukölln, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Micheil A Innes
- Department of Medical Genetics, Alberta Health Services, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Andrea Bevot
- Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Celina von Stülpnagel
- Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Hospital for Neuropediatrics and Neurological Rehabilitation, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Vogtareuth, Germany
| | - Kara Thomas
- Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters and Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Frank Niemann
- Kinder- und Jugendklinik Gelsenkirchen, Gelsenkirchen, Germany
| | - Mehmet Ali Ergun
- Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Besevler-Ankara, Turkey
| | - Uta Tacke
- Division of Neuropediatrics and Muscular Disorders, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Häusler
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Rudolf Korinthenberg
- Division of Neuropediatrics and Muscular Disorders, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany
| | - Min Ae Lee-Kirsch
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Tüngler V, Schmidt F, Hieronimus S, Reyes-Velasco C, Lee-Kirsch MA. Phenotypic Variability in a Family with Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome Due to the Common A177T <i>RNASEH2B</i> Mutation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/crcm.2014.33037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abe J, Nakamura K, Nishikomori R, Kato M, Mitsuiki N, Izawa K, Awaya T, Kawai T, Yasumi T, Toyoshima I, Hasegawa K, Ohshima Y, Hiragi T, Sasahara Y, Suzuki Y, Kikuchi M, Osaka H, Ohya T, Ninomiya S, Fujikawa S, Akasaka M, Iwata N, Kawakita A, Funatsuka M, Shintaku H, Ohara O, Ichinose H, Heike T. A nationwide survey of Aicardi-Goutières syndrome patients identifies a strong association between dominant TREX1 mutations and chilblain lesions: Japanese cohort study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2013; 53:448-58. [PMID: 24300241 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ket372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS) is a rare, genetically determined, early onset progressive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune manifestations. AGS is usually inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. The disease is rare, therefore the clinical manifestations and genotype-phenotype correlations, particularly with regard to autoimmune diseases, are still unclear. Here we performed a nationwide survey of AGS patients in Japan and analysed the genetic and clinical data. METHODS Patients were recruited via questionnaires sent to paediatric or adult neurologists in Japanese hospitals and institutions. Genetic analysis was performed and clinical data were collected. RESULTS Fourteen AGS patients were identified from 13 families; 10 harboured genetic mutations. Three patients harboured dominant-type TREX1 mutations. These included two de novo cases: one caused by a novel heterozygous p.His195Tyr mutation and the other by a novel somatic mosaicism resulting in a p.Asp200Asn mutation. Chilblain lesions were observed in all patients harbouring dominant-type TREX1 mutations. All three patients harbouring SAMHD1 mutations were diagnosed with autoimmune diseases, two with SLE and one with SS. The latter is the first reported case. CONCLUSION This study is the first to report a nationwide AGS survey, which identified more patients with sporadic AGS carrying de novo dominant-type TREX1 mutations than expected. There was a strong association between the dominant-type TREX1 mutations and chilblain lesions, and between SAMHD1 mutations and autoimmunity. These findings suggest that rheumatologists should pay attention to possible sporadic AGS cases presenting with neurological disorders and autoimmune manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Abe
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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Gurion R, Nwankwo C, Nanda K, Brooks EB, Mitchell AL, Wiznitzer M, Robinson AB. A 4-Year-Old Amish Boy With Weakness, Arthritis, Rash, Verbal Delay, and Failure to Thrive. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2013; 65:1539-47. [DOI: 10.1002/acr.22019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reut Gurion
- Cleveland Case Medical Center and Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital; Cleveland; Ohio
| | - Chinasa Nwankwo
- Cleveland Case Medical Center and Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital; Cleveland; Ohio
| | - Kabita Nanda
- Seattle Children's Hospital; Seattle; Washington
| | - Elizabeth B. Brooks
- Cleveland Case Medical Center and Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital; Cleveland; Ohio
| | - Anna L. Mitchell
- Cleveland Case Medical Center and Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital; Cleveland; Ohio
| | - Max Wiznitzer
- Cleveland Case Medical Center and Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital; Cleveland; Ohio
| | - Angela B. Robinson
- Cleveland Case Medical Center and Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital; Cleveland; Ohio
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Behrendt R, Schumann T, Gerbaulet A, Nguyen LA, Schubert N, Alexopoulou D, Berka U, Lienenklaus S, Peschke K, Gibbert K, Wittmann S, Lindemann D, Weiss S, Dahl A, Naumann R, Dittmer U, Kim B, Mueller W, Gramberg T, Roers A. Mouse SAMHD1 has antiretroviral activity and suppresses a spontaneous cell-intrinsic antiviral response. Cell Rep 2013; 4:689-96. [PMID: 23972988 PMCID: PMC4807655 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS), a hereditary autoimmune disease, clinically and biochemically overlaps with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and, like SLE, is characterized by spontaneous type I interferon (IFN) production. The finding that defects of intracellular nucleases cause AGS led to the concept that intracellular accumulation of nucleic acids triggers inappropriate production of type I IFN and autoimmunity. AGS can also be caused by defects of SAMHD1, a 3' exonuclease and deoxynucleotide (dNTP) triphosphohydrolase. Human SAMHD1 is an HIV-1 restriction factor that hydrolyzes dNTPs and decreases their concentration below the levels required for retroviral reverse transcription. We show in gene-targeted mice that also mouse SAMHD1 reduces cellular dNTP concentrations and restricts retroviral replication in lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Importantly, the absence of SAMHD1 triggered IFN-β-dependent transcriptional upregulation of type I IFN-inducible genes in various cell types indicative of spontaneous IFN production. SAMHD1-deficient mice may be instrumental for elucidating the mechanisms that trigger pathogenic type I IFN responses in AGS and SLE.
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Single-stranded nucleic acids promote SAMHD1 complex formation. J Mol Med (Berl) 2013; 91:759-70. [PMID: 23371319 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-013-0995-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
SAM domain and HD domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) is a dGTP-dependent triphosphohydrolase that degrades deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) thereby limiting the intracellular dNTP pool. Mutations in SAMHD1 cause Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS), an inflammatory encephalopathy that mimics congenital viral infection and that phenotypically overlaps with the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus. Both disorders are characterized by activation of the antiviral cytokine interferon-α initiated by immune recognition of self nucleic acids. Here we provide first direct evidence that SAMHD1 associates with endogenous nucleic acids in situ. Using fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy, we demonstrate that SAMHD1 specifically interacts with ssRNA and ssDNA and establish that nucleic acid-binding and formation of SAMHD1 complexes are mutually dependent. Interaction with nucleic acids and complex formation do not require the SAM domain, but are dependent on the HD domain and the C-terminal region of SAMHD1. We finally demonstrate that mutations associated with AGS exhibit both impaired nucleic acid-binding and complex formation implicating that interaction with nucleic acids is an integral aspect of SAMHD1 function.
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2012; 24:586-94. [PMID: 22871955 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0b013e32835793df] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder characterized mainly by early onset progressive encephalopathy, concomitant with an increase in interferon-α levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. Although it was initially mistaken for intrauterine viral infections, AGS has now been genetically attributed to a lack of adequate processing of cellular nucleic acid debris, which culminates in the perpetual trigger of the innate and acquired immune responses. Although the exact mechanisms governing AGS are not fully understood, significant strides have been recently achieved in better characterizing the disorder and the molecular functions of the five known proteins found mutated in AGS. Studies have now uncovered that AGS is tightly linked with the predisposition to other autoimmune disorders such as familial chilblain lupus and systemic lupus erythematosus. Moreover, at least two of the proteins mutated in AGS, namely TREX1 and SAMHD1, also seem to have antagonistic roles in safeguarding humans from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. We hereby synthesize the current developments into the greater framework of AGS and suggest that a better understanding of AGS might help usher a better treatment not only for some autoimmune disorders but also possibly for patients suffering from HIV infections, too.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chahwan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, 1 King's College Circle, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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