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Faria Assoni A, Giove Mitsugi T, Wardenaar R, Oliveira Ferreira R, Farias Jandrey EH, Machado Novaes G, Fonseca de Oliveira Granha I, Bakker P, Kaid C, Zatz M, Foijer F, Keith Okamoto O. Neurodegeneration-associated protein VAPB regulates proliferation in medulloblastoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19481. [PMID: 37945695 PMCID: PMC10636017 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45319-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
VAMP (Vesicle-associated membrane protein)-associated protein B and C (VAPB) has been widely studied in neurodegenerative diseases such as ALS, but little is known about its role in cancer. Medulloblastoma is a common brain malignancy in children and arises from undifferentiated cells during neuronal development. Therefore, medulloblastoma is an interesting model to investigate the possible relationship between VAPB and tumorigenesis. Here we demonstrate that high VAPB expression in medulloblastoma correlates with decreased overall patient survival. Consistent with this clinical correlation, we find that VAPB is required for normal proliferation rates of medulloblastoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Knockout of VAPB (VAPBKO) delayed cell cycle progression. Furthermore, transcript levels of WNT-related proteins were decreased in the VAPBKO. We conclude that VAPB is required for proliferation of medulloblastoma cells, thus revealing VAPB as a potential therapeutic target for medulloblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Faria Assoni
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 106, Rua do Matão, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil.
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, 1, Antonius Deusinglaan, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Thiago Giove Mitsugi
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 106, Rua do Matão, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - René Wardenaar
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, 1, Antonius Deusinglaan, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Raiane Oliveira Ferreira
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 106, Rua do Matão, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Elisa Helena Farias Jandrey
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 106, Rua do Matão, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Machado Novaes
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 106, Rua do Matão, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Isabela Fonseca de Oliveira Granha
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 106, Rua do Matão, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Petra Bakker
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, 1, Antonius Deusinglaan, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carolini Kaid
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 106, Rua do Matão, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Mayana Zatz
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 106, Rua do Matão, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Floris Foijer
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, 1, Antonius Deusinglaan, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Oswaldo Keith Okamoto
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 106, Rua do Matão, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil.
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Pezuk JA, Brassesco MS, de Oliveira RS, Machado HR, Neder L, Scrideli CA, Tone LG. PLK1-associated microRNAs are correlated with pediatric medulloblastoma prognosis. Childs Nerv Syst 2017; 33:609-615. [PMID: 28283778 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-017-3366-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant tumor of the central nervous system (CNS) in children. Despite its relative good survival rates, treatment can cause long time sequels and may impair patients' lifespan and quality, making the search for new treatment options still necessary. Polo like kinases (PLKs) constitute a five-member serine/threonine kinases family (PLK 1-5) that regulates different stages during cell cycle. Abnormal PLKs expression has been observed in several cancer types, including MB. As gene regulators, miRNAs have also been described with variable expression in cancer. METHODS We evaluated gene expression profiles of all PLK family members and related miRNAs (miR-100, miR-126, miR-219, and miR-593*) in MB cell lines and tumor samples. RESULTS RT-qPCR analysis revealed increased levels of PLK1-4 in all cell lines and in most MB samples, while PLK5 was found underexpressed. In parallel, miR-100 was also found upregulated while miR-129, miR-216, and miR-593* were decreased in MB cell lines. Variable miRNAs expression patterns were observed in MB samples. However, a correlation between miR-100 and PLK4 expression was observed, and associations between miR-100, miR-126, and miR-219 expression and overall and event free survival were also evinced in our cohort. Moreover, despite the lack of association with clinico-pathological features, when comparing primary tumors to those relapsed, we found a consistent decrease on PLK2, miR-219, and miR-598* and an increase on miR-100 and miR-126. CONCLUSION Specific dysregulation on PLKs and associated miRNAs may be important in MB and can be used to predict prognosis. Although miRNAs sequences are fundamental to predict its target, the cell type may also be consider once that mRNA repertoire can define different roles for specific miRNA in a given cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Alejandra Pezuk
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Molecular Oncology Center, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - María Sol Brassesco
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luciano Neder
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Scrideli
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gonzaga Tone
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ransohoff KJ, Sarin KY, Tang JY. Smoothened Inhibitors in Sonic Hedgehog Subgroup Medulloblastoma. J Clin Oncol 2015. [PMID: 26195713 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.62.2225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Analysis of chromosome 17 miRNAs and their importance in medulloblastomas. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:717509. [PMID: 25866804 PMCID: PMC4383152 DOI: 10.1155/2015/717509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small sequences of nucleotides that regulate posttranscriptionally gene expression. In recent years they have been recognized as very important general regulators of proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, cell death, and others. In some cases, the characteristic presence of miRNAs reflects some of the cellular pathways that may be altered. Particularly medulloblastomas (MB) represent entities that undergo almost characteristic alterations of chromosome 17: from loss of discrete fragments and isochromosomes formation to complete loss of one of them. An analysis of the major loci on this chromosome revealed that it contains at least 19 genes encoding miRNAs which may regulate the development and differentiation of the brain and cerebellum. miRNAs are regulators of real complex networks; they can regulate from 100 to over 300 messengers of various proteins. In this review some miRNAs are considered to be important in MB studies. Some of them are miRNA-5047, miRNA-1253, miRNA-2909, and miRNA-634. Everyone can significantly affect the development, growth, and cell invasion of MB, and they have not been explored in this tumor. In this review, we propose some miRNAs that can affect some genes in MB, and hence the importance of its study.
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Abstract
Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in children and, as such, has been the focus of tremendous efforts to genomically characterize it. What was once thought to be a single disease has been divided into multiple, molecularly unique subgroups through gene expression profiling. Each subgroup is not only unique in its origin and pathogenesis but also in the prognosis and potential therapeutic options. Targeted therapy of malignancies has long been the goal of clinical oncology. The progress made in the classification of medulloblastoma should be used as a model for future studies. With the evolution of epigenetic and genomic sequencing, especially when used in tandem with high-throughput pharmacologic screening protocols, the potential for subgroup-specific targeting is closer than ever. This review focuses on the development of the molecular classification system and its potential use in developing prognostic models as well as for the advancement of targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Samkari
- Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Section of Oncology, St Christopher׳s Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - Jason C White
- Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Roger J Packer
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC; Brain Tumor Institute, Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine, Children׳s National Health System, Washington, DC
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Ćwiek P, Leni Z, Salm F, Dimitrova V, Styp-Rekowska B, Chiriano G, Carroll M, Höland K, Djonov V, Scapozza L, Guiry P, Arcaro A. RNA interference screening identifies a novel role for PCTK1/CDK16 in medulloblastoma with c-Myc amplification. Oncotarget 2015; 6:116-29. [PMID: 25402633 PMCID: PMC4381582 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor in children and is associated with a poor outcome. cMYC amplification characterizes a subgroup of MB with very poor prognosis. However, there exist so far no targeted therapies for the subgroup of MB with cMYC amplification. Here we used kinome-wide RNA interference screening to identify novel kinases that may be targeted to inhibit the proliferation of c-Myc-overexpressing MB. The RNAi screen identified a set of 5 genes that could be targeted to selectively impair the proliferation of c-Myc-overexpressing MB cell lines: AKAP12 (A-kinase anchor protein), CSNK1α1 (casein kinase 1, alpha 1), EPHA7 (EPH receptor A7) and PCTK1 (PCTAIRE protein kinase 1). When using RNAi and a pharmacological inhibitor selective for PCTK1, we could show that this kinase plays a crucial role in the proliferation of MB cell lines and the activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. In addition, pharmacological PCTK1 inhibition reduced the expression levels of c-Myc. Finally, targeting PCTK1 selectively impaired the tumor growth of c-Myc-overexpressing MB cells in vivo. Together our data uncover a novel and crucial role for PCTK1 in the proliferation and survival of MB characterized by cMYC amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Ćwiek
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Zaira Leni
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabiana Salm
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Valeriya Dimitrova
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Gianpaolo Chiriano
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michael Carroll
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Katrin Höland
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Leonardo Scapozza
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Guiry
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alexandre Arcaro
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
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Ahmad Z, Idrees R, Fatima S, Arshad H, Din NU, Memon A, Minhas K, Ahmed A, Fatima SS, Arif M, Ahmed R, Haroon S, Pervez S, Hassan S, Kayani N. How our practice of histopathology, especially tumour pathology has changed in the last two decades: reflections from a major referral center in Pakistan. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:3829-49. [PMID: 24935563 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.9.3829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Continued advances in the field of histo-pathology (and cyto-pathology) over the past two decades have resulted in dramatic changes in the manner in which these disciplines are now practiced. This is especially true in the setting of a large university hospital where the role of pathologists as clinicians (diagnosticians), undergraduate and postgraduate educators, and researchers has evolved considerably. The world around us has changed significantly during this period bringing about a considerable change in our lifestyles and the way we live. This is the world of the internet and the world-wide web, the world of Google and Wikipedia, of Youtube and Facebook where anyone can obtain any information one desires at the push of a button. The practice of histo (and cyto) pathology has also evolved in line with these changes. For those practicing this discipline in a poor, developing country these changes have been breathtaking. This is an attempt to document these changes as experienced by histo (and cyto) pathologists practicing in the biggest center for Histopathology in Pakistan, a developing country in South Asia with a large (180 million) and ever growing population. The Section of Histopathology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology at the Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH) in Karachi, Pakistan's largest city has since its inception in the mid-1980s transformed the way histopathology is practiced in Pakistan by incorporating modern methods and rescuing histopathology in Pakistan from the primitive and outdated groove in which it was stuck for decades. It set histopathology in Pakistan firmly on the path of modernity and change which are essential for better patient management and care through accurate and complete diagnosis and more recently prognostic and predictive information as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubair Ahmad
- Section of Histopathology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan E-mail :
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Wick
- Departments of Pathology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA.
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Kawaguchi T, Kumabe T, Saito R, Kanamori M, Yamashita Y, Sonoda Y, Tominaga T. Clinical significance and limitations of repeat resection for pediatric malignant neuroepithelial tumors: clinical article. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2013; 12:309-16. [PMID: 23889352 DOI: 10.3171/2013.6.peds12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Maximized tumor resection and minimized surgical morbidity are extremely important in the treatment of children with malignant neuroepithelial tumors. However, the indications for repeat surgery for these tumors remain unclear. The present study investigated the clinical significance and limitations of repeat resection for these tumors. METHODS This study included 61 consecutive pediatric patients with malignant neuroepithelial tumor, histologically diagnosed as WHO Grades III and IV. All patients were initially treated between January 1997 and March 2011 and had follow-up of more than 2 years. The number of surgeries, presence of leptomeningeal dissemination, survival, WHO grade, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status before and after surgery were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS Repeat resections were performed for 21 patients (34.4%). Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status was not aggravated by surgery, even after multiple operations. The 5-year survival rates of patients who received single and repeat surgery were 58.6% and 38.7%, respectively (p = 0.12). The mean interval between initial surgery and leptomeningeal dissemination detection was 331 ± 108 days in the single-surgery group and 549 ± 122 days in the repeat-surgery group (p = 0.19). The median survival time after leptomeningeal dissemination was 580 days in the single-surgery group and 890 days in the repeat-surgery group (p = 0.74). CONCLUSIONS Repeat resection with minimized surgical morbidity is an effective method to achieve better local control of pediatric malignant neuroepithelial tumors. Leptomeningeal dissemination was a leading cause of death, but repeat surgery did not increase the frequency of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Kawaguchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Medulloblastoma expresses CD1d and can be targeted for immunotherapy with NKT cells. Clin Immunol 2013; 149:55-64. [PMID: 23891738 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor of childhood. Current therapies are toxic and not always curative that necessitates development of targeted immunotherapy. However, little is known about immunobiology of this tumor. In this study, we show that MB cells in 9 of 20 primary tumors express CD1d, an antigen-presenting molecule for Natural Killer T cells (NKTs). Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of 61 primary tumors revealed an elevated level of CD1d mRNA expression in a molecular subgroup characterized by an overactivation of Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) oncogene compared with Group 4. CD1d-positive MB cells cross-presented glycolipid antigens to activate NKT-cell cytotoxicity. Intracranial injection of NKTs resulted in regression of orthotopic MB xenografts in NOD/SCID mice. Importantly, the numbers and function of peripheral blood type-I NKTs were preserved in MB patients. Therefore, CD1d is expressed on tumor cells in a subset of MB patients and represents a novel target for immunotherapy.
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