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Whitlock AE, Moskowitzova K, Kycia I, Zurakowski D, Fauza DO. Transamniotic Stem Cell Therapy Modulates Uterine Natural Killer CellActivity in the Hypoxia Model of Intrauterine Growth Restriction. Stem Cells Dev 2024. [PMID: 38874223 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2023.0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) pathophysiology is driven by abnormal uterine natural killer cell (uNK) activity leading to placental dysfunction. Transamniotic stem cell therapy (TRASCET) with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can improve experimental IUGR by mechanisms not fully understood. We sought to examine TRASCET's effects in downstream products of uNKs in a model of IUGR: 15 Sprague-Dawley dams were exposed to alternating hypoxia (10.5% O2) from gestational day 15 (E15) until term (E21). Their fetuses (n = 189) were divided into four groups. One group remained untreated (n = 52), whereas three groups received volume-matched intraamniotic injections of either saline (sham, n = 44) or a suspension of amniotic fluid-derived MSCs, either in their native state (TRASCET, n = 50) or "primed" to an enhanced antiinflammatory phenotype (TRASCET-Primed, n = 43). Normal fetuses served as controls (n = 33). At term, various analyses were performed, including ELISA for surrogates of placental inflammation and uNK activity. Statistical comparisons included Bonferroni-adjusted criterion. Overall survival from hypoxia was 74% (140/189). Placental efficiency was lower in untreated and sham but normalized in both TRASCET groups (P < 0.01-0.47). Interleukin-17, a stimulator of uNKs, was elevated from normal in all groups (P < 0.01 for all). Interferon-gamma, released from activated uNKs, was elevated in all groups except sham but lower than the untreated in both TRASCET groups (P ≤ 0.01-0.06). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, also produced by uNKs, was elevated in untreated and sham (P < 0.01 for both), but normalized by TRASCET (P = 0.05) and even lowered from normal in TRASCET-Primed (P < 0.01). Vascular endothelial growth factor, also released by uNKs, was elevated in untreated and sham but lower than normal in both TRASCET groups (P < 0.01 for all). We conclude that TRASCET with MSCs modulates the activity of placental uNKs in experimental IUGR, with distinct effects on their downstream products. This mechanistic insight may inform the development of novel strategies for the management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlyn E Whitlock
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kamila Moskowitzova
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ina Kycia
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Zurakowski
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dario O Fauza
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Nasri H, Ghotbeddin Z, Rahimi K, Tabandeh MR. The effects of MEPaL on oxidative stress and motor function in the rats affected by prenatal hypoxia. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3539. [PMID: 38849974 PMCID: PMC11161390 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Maternal hypoxia disrupts neural development and subsequently leads to cerebral palsy and epilepsy in newborns. Hypoxia plays a role in neurodegeneration by increasing oxidative stress. Pistacia atlantica is known as an important antioxidant, and its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects have been shown in various studies. This study aims to investigate the effects of methanolic extract of P. atlantica leaves (MEPaLs) on the oxidative parameters in the serum of rats affected by maternal hypoxia. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, eight pregnant rats were used. The newborns were divided into four groups, including the control and the hypoxia groups, which are affected by maternal hypoxia, hypoxia + MEPaL 100 mg/kg, and hypoxia + MEPaL 150 mg/kg. MEPaL was injected (i.p) for 21 days into the neonatal rats after the lactation period. Hypoxia was induced by keeping pregnant rats in a hypoxic chamber with 7% oxygen and 93% nitrogen intensity for 3 h on the 20th day of pregnancy. Behavioral changes were measured using open-field and rotarod tests. Finally, biomarkers of oxidative stress, nitric oxide (NO), glutathione (GSH), GSSG, TAS, TOS, and oxidative stress index (OSI) were measured in the experimental groups. RESULTS Behavioral results showed that the anxiety behavior in the hypoxia group increased, but the motor activity (moved distance and movement speed) decreased. Moreover, the amount of time spent maintaining balance on the rotarod rod was significantly decreased in the hypoxia group. The concentration of NO in the group of hypoxia + MEPaL 100 mg/kg showed a significant decrease, and MEPaL 100, and 150 mg/kg + hypoxia also increased the concentration of GSH and decreased GSSG. In addition, MEPaL100 and 150 mg/kg caused a significant increase in the ratio of GSH to GSSG and decreased OSI and total oxidant capacity. CONCLUSIONS Oxidative stress increased in the rats affected by maternal hypoxia and may be the main mechanism for motor activity impairment and balance disturbance, whereas MELaL improved motor performance by decreasing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Nasri
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineShahid Chamran University of AhvazAhvazIran
| | - Zohreh Ghotbeddin
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineShahid Chamran University of AhvazAhvazIran
- Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research CenterShahid Chamran University of AhvazAhvazIran
| | - Kaveh Rahimi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineShahid Chamran University of AhvazAhvazIran
| | - Mohammad Reza Tabandeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineShahid Chamran University of AhvazAhvazIran
- Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research CenterShahid Chamran University of AhvazAhvazIran
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Shah DK, Pereira S, Lodygensky GA. Long-Term Neurologic Consequences following Fetal Growth Restriction: The Impact on Brain Reserve. Dev Neurosci 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38740013 DOI: 10.1159/000539266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal growth restriction (FGR) corresponds to the fetus's inability to achieve an adequate weight gain based on genetic potential and gestational age. It is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. SUMMARY In this review, we address the challenges of diagnosis and classification of FGR. We review how chronic fetal hypoxia impacts brain development. We describe recent advances on placental and fetal brain imaging using magnetic resonance imaging and how they offer new noninvasive means to study growth restriction in humans. We go on to review the impact of FGR on brain integrity in the neonatal period, later childhood, and adulthood and review available therapies. KEY MESSAGES FGR consequences are not limited to the perinatal period. We hypothesize that impaired brain reserve, as defined by structure and size, may predict some concerning epidemiological data of impaired cognitive outcomes and dementia with aging in this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyen K Shah
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Neonatal Intensive Care, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Susana Pereira
- Obstetrics and Maternity Care, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Gregory A Lodygensky
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Lubrano C, Parisi F, Cetin I. Impact of Maternal Environment and Inflammation on Fetal Neurodevelopment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:453. [PMID: 38671901 PMCID: PMC11047368 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
During intrauterine life, external stimuli including maternal nutrition, lifestyle, socioeconomic conditions, anxiety, stress, and air pollution can significantly impact fetal development. The human brain structures begin to form in the early weeks of gestation and continue to grow and mature throughout pregnancy. This review aims to assess, based on the latest research, the impact of environmental factors on fetal and neonatal brain development, showing that oxidative stress and inflammation are implied as a common factor for most of the stressors. Environmental insults can induce a maternal inflammatory state and modify nutrient supply to the fetus, possibly through epigenetic mechanisms, leading to significant consequences for brain morphogenesis and neurological outcomes. These risk factors are often synergic and mutually reinforcing. Fetal growth restriction and preterm birth represent paradigms of intrauterine reduced nutrient supply and inflammation, respectively. These mechanisms can lead to an increase in free radicals and, consequently, oxidative stress, with well-known adverse effects on the offspring's neurodevelopment. Therefore, a healthy intrauterine environment is a critical factor in supporting normal fetal brain development. Hence, healthcare professionals and clinicians should implement effective interventions to prevent and reduce modifiable risk factors associated with an increased inflammatory state and decreased nutrient supply during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Lubrano
- Nutritional Sciences, Doctoral Programme (PhD), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Mother, Child and Neonate, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Parisi
- Department of Mother, Child and Neonate, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy;
| | - Irene Cetin
- Department of Mother, Child and Neonate, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy;
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Fortin O, Husein N, Oskoui M, Shevell MI, Kirton A, Dunbar M. Risk Factors and Outcomes for Cerebral Palsy With Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury Patterns Without Documented Neonatal Encephalopathy. Neurology 2024; 102:e208111. [PMID: 38422458 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000208111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury is a leading cause of term-born cerebral palsy, the most common lifelong physical disability. Diagnosis is commonly made in the neonatal period by the combination of neonatal encephalopathy (NE) and typical neuroimaging findings. However, children without a history of neonatal encephalopathy may present later in childhood with motor disability and neuroimaging findings consistent with perinatal hypoxic-ischemic injury. We sought to determine the prevalence of such presentations using the retrospective viewpoint of a large multiregional cerebral palsy registry. METHODS Patient cases were extracted from the Canadian Cerebral Palsy Registry with gestational age >36 weeks, an MRI pattern consistent with hypoxic-ischemic injury (HII, acute total, partial prolonged, or combined), and an absence of postnatal cause for HII. Documentation of NE was noted. Maternal-fetal risk factors, labor and delivery, neonatal course, and clinical outcome were extracted. Comparisons were performed using χ2 tests and multivariable logistic regression with multiple imputation. Propensity scores were used to assess for bias. RESULTS Of the 170 children with MRI findings typical for HII, 140 (82.4%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 75.7%-87.7%) had documented NE and 29 (17.0%, 95% CI 11.7%-23.6%) did not. The group without NE had more abnormalities of amniotic fluid volume (odds ratio [OR] 15.8, 95% CI 1.2-835), had fetal growth restriction (OR 4.7, 95% CI 1.0-19.9), had less resuscitation (OR 0.03, 95% CI 0.007-0.08), had higher 5-minute Apgar scores (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.6-3.0), were less likely to have neonatal seizures (OR 0.004, 95% CI 0.00009-0.03), and did not receive therapeutic hypothermia. MRI was performed at a median 1.1 months (interquartile range [IQR] 0.67-12.8 months) for those with NE and 12.2 months (IQR 6.6-25.9) for those without (p = 0.011). Patterns of injury on MRI were seen in similar proportions. Hemiplegia was more common in those without documented NE (OR 5.1, 95% CI 1.5-16.1); rates of preserved ambulatory function were similar. DISCUSSION Approximately one-sixth of term-born children with an eventual diagnosis of cerebral palsy and MRI findings consistent with perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury do not have documented neonatal encephalopathy, which was associated with abnormalities of fetal growth and amniotic fluid volume, and a less complex neonatal course. Long-term outcomes seem comparable with their peers with encephalopathy. The absence of documented neonatal encephalopathy does not exclude perinatal hypoxic-ischemic injury, which may have occurred antenatally and must be carefully evaluated with MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Fortin
- From the Prenatal Pediatric Institute (O.F.), Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology/Neurosurgery (O.F., M.O., M.I.S.), McGill University; Research Institute-McGill University Health Centre (N.H., M.O., M.I.S.), Montreal, Quebec; Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (A.K.); Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (A.K., M.D.); and Departments of Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences (M.D.), University of Calgary, Alberta
| | - Nafisa Husein
- From the Prenatal Pediatric Institute (O.F.), Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology/Neurosurgery (O.F., M.O., M.I.S.), McGill University; Research Institute-McGill University Health Centre (N.H., M.O., M.I.S.), Montreal, Quebec; Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (A.K.); Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (A.K., M.D.); and Departments of Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences (M.D.), University of Calgary, Alberta
| | - Maryam Oskoui
- From the Prenatal Pediatric Institute (O.F.), Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology/Neurosurgery (O.F., M.O., M.I.S.), McGill University; Research Institute-McGill University Health Centre (N.H., M.O., M.I.S.), Montreal, Quebec; Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (A.K.); Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (A.K., M.D.); and Departments of Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences (M.D.), University of Calgary, Alberta
| | - Michael I Shevell
- From the Prenatal Pediatric Institute (O.F.), Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology/Neurosurgery (O.F., M.O., M.I.S.), McGill University; Research Institute-McGill University Health Centre (N.H., M.O., M.I.S.), Montreal, Quebec; Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (A.K.); Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (A.K., M.D.); and Departments of Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences (M.D.), University of Calgary, Alberta
| | - Adam Kirton
- From the Prenatal Pediatric Institute (O.F.), Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology/Neurosurgery (O.F., M.O., M.I.S.), McGill University; Research Institute-McGill University Health Centre (N.H., M.O., M.I.S.), Montreal, Quebec; Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (A.K.); Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (A.K., M.D.); and Departments of Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences (M.D.), University of Calgary, Alberta
| | - Mary Dunbar
- From the Prenatal Pediatric Institute (O.F.), Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology/Neurosurgery (O.F., M.O., M.I.S.), McGill University; Research Institute-McGill University Health Centre (N.H., M.O., M.I.S.), Montreal, Quebec; Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (A.K.); Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (A.K., M.D.); and Departments of Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences (M.D.), University of Calgary, Alberta
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Wan L, He X, He M, Yu Y, Jiang W, Liang C, Luo K, Gong X, Yang Y, Dong Q, Chen P. Docosahexaenoic acid improves cognition and hippocampal pyroptosis in rats with intrauterine growth restriction. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12920. [PMID: 36747549 PMCID: PMC9898307 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is defined as the failure of a fetus to reach its genetic growth potential in utero resulted by maternal, placental, fetal, and genetic factors. Previous studies have reported that IUGR is associated with a high incidence of neurological damage, although the precise causes of such damage remain unclear. We aimed to investigate whether cognitive impairment in rats with IUGR is related to pyroptosis of hippocampal neurons and determine the effect of early intervention with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Methods Learning and memory function was assessed using the Morris water maze test. The morphological structure and ultrastructure of the hippocampus was examined via hematoxylin and eosin staining and electron microscopy respectively. The pyroptosis of hippocampal neuron was detected by gasdermin-D (GSDMD) immunofluorescence staining, mRNA and protein expression of nuclear localization leucine-rich-repeat protein 1 (NLRP1), caspase-1, GSDMD, and quantification of inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 in the hippocampus. Results IUGR rats exhibited decreased learning and memory function, morphological structure and ultrastructural changes in hippocampus compared to controls. IUGR rats also exhibited increased hippocampal quantification of GSDMD immunofluorescence staining, increased mRNA and protein expression of NLRP1, caspase-1, and GSDMD, and increased quantification of IL-1β and IL-18 in the hippocampus. Intervention with DHA attenuated these effects. Conclusion Cognitive impairment in rats with IUGR may be related to pyroptosis of hippocampal neurons. Early intervention with DHA may attenuate cognitive impairment and reduce hippocampal pyroptosis in rats with IUGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Wan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China,Department of Child Healthcare, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Xiaori He
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China,Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Mingfeng He
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China,Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Yuanqiang Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China,Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Weiming Jiang
- Children's Institute of Three Gorges University, Yichang Central People's Hospital, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443003, PR China
| | - Can Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China,Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Kaiju Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China,Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Xiaoyun Gong
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China,Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Yonghui Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China,Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Qingyi Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China,Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Pingyang Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China,Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China,Corresponding author. NO.139, Renmin Middle Road, furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China.
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7
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Brain protection by transamniotic stem cell therapy (TRASCET) in a model of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). J Pediatr Surg 2023; 58:3-7. [PMID: 36344286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2022.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Transamniotic stem cell therapy (TRASCET) with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been shown experimentally to reverse some of the effects of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), apparently by attenuating placental inflammation. Neurodevelopmental deficits driven by neuroinflammation are major complications of IUGR. We sought to determine whether MSC-based TRASCET also mitigates inflammation in the fetal brain. METHODS Pregnant Sprague-Dawley dams (n = 8) were exposed to alternating 12-hour hypoxia (10.5% O2) cycles from gestational day 15 (E15) until term (E21). One group remained untreated (n = 28 fetuses). Three groups received volume-matched intra-amniotic injections into all fetuses (n = 72) of either saline (sham; n = 19), or a suspension of amniotic fluid-derived MSCs, either in native state (TRASCET; n = 20), or primed by exposure to interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) for 24 h prior to administration in vivo (TRASCET-Primed; n = 29). Donor MSCs were syngeneic Lewis rat cells phenotyped by flow cytometry. Normal fetuses served as controls (n = 20). Multiple analyses were performed at term, including ELISA in fetal brains for the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and IL-1β. Statistical comparisons were by Wilcox-rank sum test, including Bonferroni-adjusted significance. RESULTS Overall survival was 75% (88/116). Gross brain weights were significantly decreased from normal in both the untreated and sham groups (both p<0.001) and significantly increased in both TRASCET groups when compared to untreated and sham (p = 0.003 to <0.001). TRASCET-Primed led to significantly lower levels of TNF-α and IL-1β compared to untreated (both p<0.001) and sham (p = 0.017 and p = 0.011, respectively). Non-primed TRASCET led to significantly lower levels of TNF-α and IL-1β compared to untreated (p = 0.009 to <0.001), but not sham (p = 0.133 and p = 0.973, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Transamniotic stem cell therapy with primed mesenchymal stem cells reverses some of the central nervous system effects of intrauterine growth restriction in a rat model, possibly by modulating neuroinflammation. TYPE OF STUDY Animal and laboratory study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A (animal and laboratory study).
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Wang J, Liang C, Hu Y, Xia X, Li Z, Gao H, Sheng J, Huang K, Wang S, Zhu P, Hao J, Tao F. Effects of selenium levels on placental oxidative stress and inflammation during pregnancy: a prospective cohort study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2022; 35:9956-9965. [PMID: 35659169 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2022.2078963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on the impact of Se levels in different pregnancy periods on placental function are limited. AIM This cohort study sought to investigate the levels of the trace element Se and to assess their effects on placental oxidative stress (OS) and mRNA expression of inflammatory genes during pregnancy. METHODS The study population consisted of 2519 pregnant women from the Ma'anshan birth cohort. Se levels were measured in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy and in cord blood using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Placental stress and mRNA expression of inflammatory genes were assessed using RT-PCR. RESULTS A statistically significant negative association was noted between Se levels in the second trimester of pregnancy and mRNA expression of placental HO-1(β = -0.009, p < .01), HIF1α (β = -0.005, p = .010), GRP78 (β = -0.011, p < .001), CRP (β = -.007, p = .033) and CD68 (β = -0.006, p = .019). A negative association was noted between Se levels in cord blood and mRNA expression of placental HO-1 (β = -0.007, p = .004), HIF1α (β = -0.006, p = .005) and GRP78 (β = -0.009, p = .004). We found that prenatal Se status was associated with placental stress and mRNA expression of inflammatory genes. CONCLUSION Se deficiency during pregnancy, especially in the second trimester, leads to the production of OS and an increase in inflammatory mediators, affecting the growth and development of the fetus. Monitoring of pregnant women's nutritional status is necessary to prevent nutritional imbalances and deficiencies in important micronutrients in the fetal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqing Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, Anhui, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chunmei Liang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, Anhui, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yabin Hu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, Anhui, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xun Xia
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, Anhui, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhijuan Li
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, Anhui, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, Anhui, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Sheng
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, Anhui, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, Anhui, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Sufang Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, Anhui, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, Anhui, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiahu Hao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, Anhui, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, Anhui, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Gantenbein KV, Kanaka-Gantenbein C. Highlighting the trajectory from intrauterine growth restriction to future obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1041718. [PMID: 36440208 PMCID: PMC9691665 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1041718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decades several lines of evidence reported the association of an adverse intrauterine environment, leading to intrauterine restriction, with future disease, such as obesity and metabolic syndrome, both leading to increased cardiovascular and cancer risk. The underlying explanation for this association has firstly been expressed by the Barker's hypothesis, the "thrifty phenotype hypothesis". According to this hypothesis, a fetus facing an adverse intrauterine environment adapts to this environment through a reprogramming of its endocrine-metabolic status, during the crucial window of developmental plasticity to save energy for survival, providing less energy and nutrients to the organs that are not essential for survival. This theory evolved to the concept of the developmental origin of health and disease (DOHaD). Thus, in the setting of an adverse, f. ex. protein restricted intrauterine environment, while the energy is mainly directed to the brain, the peripheral organs, f.ex. the muscles and the liver undergo an adaptation that is expressed through insulin resistance. The adaptation at the hepatic level predisposes to future dyslipidemia, the modifications at the vascular level to endothelial damage and future hypertension and, overall, through the insulin resistance to the development of metabolic syndrome. All these adaptations are suggested to take place through epigenetic modifications of the expression of genes without change of their amino-acid sequence. The epigenetic modifications leading to future obesity and cardiovascular risk are thought to induce appetite dysregulation, promoting food intake and adipogenesis, facilitating obesity development. The epigenetic modifications may even persist into the next generation even though the subsequent generation has not been exposed to an adverse intrauterine environment, a notion defined as the "transgenerational transfer of environmental information". As a consequence, if the increased public health burden and costs of non-communicable chronic diseases such as obesity, hypertension, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes have to be minimized, special attention should be laid to the healthy lifestyle habits of women of reproductive age, including healthy diet and physical activity to be established long before any pregnancy takes place in order to provide the best conditions for both somatic and mental health of future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, First Department of Pediatrics Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece
- *Correspondence: Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein, ,
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Correlation between Parturients' Uterine Artery Blood Flow Spectra in the First and Second Trimesters of Pregnancy and Fetal Growth Restriction. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2021; 2021:2129201. [PMID: 34950439 PMCID: PMC8692016 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2129201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective To explore the correlation between parturients' uterine artery blood flow spectra in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy and fetal growth restriction (FGR). Methods The data of parturients treated in our hospital from February 2018 to February 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, 50 parturients with FGR were selected as the FGR group, and other 50 healthy cases were selected as the control group. In the first trimester (11-12 weeks of gestation) and the second trimester of pregnancy (13–24 weeks of gestation), the parturients of the two groups accepted the color Doppler ultrasonography (CDS), their hemodynamics indicators of uterine artery were recorded, and the correlation between their uterine artery blood flow spectra in the two periods and FGR was analyzed with the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Results No statistical differences in the parturients' general information including age, gestational weeks, gravidity, and parity between the two groups were observed (P > 0.05); the newborn's body weight, Apgar scores, number of preterm infants, and the number of infants transferring to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.05); in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy, the uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA-PI), uterine artery resistance index (UtA-RI), maximal systolic flow velocity, and systolic/diastolic (UtA-S/D) ratio were significantly higher in the FGR group than in the control group (P < 0.05), and the time-averaged maximal velocity (TAMX) was significantly lower in the FGR group than in the control group (P < 0.001); in early pregnancy, the incidence of early diastolic notch at bilateral uterine arteries between the two groups was not significantly different (P > 0.05), and the unilateral and total incidence in the first trimester as well as the unilateral, bilateral, and total incidence in the second trimester were significantly higher in the FGR group than in the control group (P < 0.05); in the first trimester, the sensitivity of detecting FGR with a uterine artery blood flow spectrum was 0.820, AUC (95% CI) = 0.840 (0.757–0.923), and in the second trimester, it was 0.860, AUC (95% CI) = 0.900 (0.832–0.968). Conclusion There is a correlation between uterine artery blood flow spectra in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy and FGR, and the sensitivity of spectrum in the first trimester is higher than that in the second trimester, presenting a better clinical application value.
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