Sulfated Galactans from Gracilaria fisheri with Supplementation of Octanoyl Promote Wound Healing Activity In Vitro and In Vivo

Sulfated galactans (SG) isolated from Gracilaria fisheri is partially degraded (DSG), and subsequentially supplemented with octanoyl (DSGO) and sulfate (DSGS) groups. The molecular weights of DSG, DSGO, and DSGS are 7.87, 152.79, and 97.07 kDa, respectively. The modification is confirmed using FTIR and NMR, while in vitro wound healing activity is assessed using scratched wound fibroblasts. The results reveal that DSGO exhibits highest percentage of wound closure in scratched fibroblast L929 cells. Furthermore, DSGO is able to promote proliferation and accelerate migration of scratched fibroblasts, which correspond to the regulation of proteins and mRNA (Ki67, p-FAK, vimentin, and E-cadherin) determined by Western blotting and qPCR analysis. The superior wound healing activity of DSGO is also confirmed in excision wound of rats. The results demonstrate that DSGO significantly enhances the percentage of wound closure, re-epithelialization, and collagen arrangement, increases α-smoth muscle actin (α-SMA) and vimentin expression, and decreases that of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) at the wound site. The results suggest that degraded SG supplemented with medium-chain fatty acids of octanoyl group may pass through the membrane, subsequently activating the mediators associated with proliferation and migration of fibroblasts, which can potentially lead to the promotion of wound healing activity.

Pholiota nameko Polysaccharides Promotes Cell Proliferation and Migration and Reduces ROS Content in H2O2-Induced L929 Cells

Pholiota nameko, a type of edible and medicinal fungus, is currently grown extensively for food and traditional medicine in China and Japan. It possesses various biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemia and antitumor activities. However, P. nameko has rarely been discussed in the field of dermatology; identifying its biological activities could be beneficial in development of a new natural ingredient used in wound care. To evaluate its in vitro wound healing activities, the present study assessed the antioxidant and anti-collagenase activities of P. nameko polysaccharides (PNPs) prepared through fractional precipitation (40%, 60% and 80% (v/v)); the assessments were conducted using reducing power, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate and collagenase activity assays. The ability of PNPs to facilitate L929 fibroblast cell proliferation and migration was assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and scratch assays. The findings indicated that, among all fractions, PNP-80 showed the best antioxidant and anti-collagenase activity, as measured by their reducing power (IC₅₀ of PNP-80 was 2.43 ± 0.17 mg/mL), the hydroxyl radical scavenging (IC₅₀ of PNP-80 was 2.74 ± 0.11 mg/mL) and collagenase activity assay, and significantly reduced cellular ROS content, compared with that of H₂O₂-induced L929 cells. Moreover, PNP-80 significantly promoted L929 fibroblast proliferation and migration, compared with the control group. Overall, we suggested that PNP-80 could be a promising candidate for further evaluation of its potential application on wound healing.