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Combination therapy with doxorubicin-loaded galactosylated poly(ethyleneglycol)-lithocholic acid to suppress the tumor growth in an orthotopic mouse model of liver cancer. Biomaterials 2016; 116:130-144. [PMID: 27914985 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in technology, neither conventional anti-cancer drugs nor current nanoparticle (NP) drugs have gained substantial success in cancer treatment. While conventional chemotherapy drugs have several limitations such as low potency, poor in vivo stability and limited bioavailability, non-specific targeting of NP drugs diminishes their potency at actual target sites. In addition, the development of drug resistance to anti-cancer drugs is another challenging problem. To overcome these limitations, we aimed to develop a polymer-drug conjugate, which functions as an active NP drug and drug carrier both, to deliver a chemotherapeutic drug for combination therapy. Accordingly, we made targeting NP carrier of lithocholic acid-poly(ethylene glycol)-lactobionic acid (LPL) loading doxorubicin (Dox) to produce Dox/LPL NPs. The cellular uptake of Dox/LPL NPs was relatively higher in human liver cancer cell line (SK-HEP-1) due to galactose ligand-asialoglycoprotein receptor interaction. Consequently, the cellular uptake of Dox/LPL NPs led to massive cell death of SK-HEP-1 cells by two different mechanisms, particularly apoptotic activity by LPL and mitotic catastrophe by Dox. Most importantly, Dox/LPL NPs, when administered to orthotopic xenograft model of liver cancer, greatly reduced proliferation, invasion, migration, and angiogenesis of liver tumor in vivo. Thus, this study exemplifies the superiority of combination therapy over individual NP drug or conventional small molecule drug for cancer therapy. Overall, we present a promising approach of combinatorial therapy to inhibit the hepatic tumor growth and metastasis in the orthotopic xenograft model mice, thus representing an effective weapon for cancer treatment.
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Gankhuyag N, Singh B, Maharjan S, Choi YJ, Cho CS, Cho MH. Galactosylated poly(ethyleneglycol)-lithocholic Acid selectively kills hepatoma cells, while sparing normal liver cells. Macromol Biosci 2015; 15:777-87. [PMID: 25657071 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201400475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Delivering drugs selectively to cancer cells but not to nearby normal cells is a major obstacle in drug therapy. In this study, lithocholic acid (LCA), a potent anti-cancer drug, is converted to two forms of poly(ethyleneglycol) (PEG) conjugates, viz., PEG-LCA (PL) and lactobionic acid (LBA) conjugated PEG-LCA (LPL). The latter form contains a galactose ligand in LBA to target the hepatocytes. Both forms are self-assembled to form nanoparticle formulation, and they have high potency than LCA to kill HepG2 cancer cells, sparing normal LO2 cells. Besides, LPL has high specificity to mouse liver cells in vivo. Western blot results confirm that the cell death is occurred through apoptosis induced by LPL nanoparticles. In conclusion, the induction of apoptosis and cell death is much more efficient with LPL nanoparticles than LCA molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nomundelger Gankhuyag
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea
| | - Bijay Singh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Korea
| | - Sushila Maharjan
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Korea
| | - Yun-Jaie Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Korea
| | - Chong-Su Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Korea.
| | - Myung-Haing Cho
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea.
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Liu KF, Li CX, Dai L, Liu J, Wang LY, Lei JD, Guo LQ. Design, synthesis and in vivo antitumor efficacy of novel eight-arm-polyethylene glycol–pterostilbene prodrugs. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra06253e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Illustration of 8arm-PEG–pterostilbene. In contrast to linear PEG, the 8arm-PEG significantly increased drug-binding capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-feng Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing 100083
- P. R. China
| | - Chun-xiao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing 100083
- P. R. China
| | - Lin Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing 100083
- P. R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing 100083
- P. R. China
| | - Lu-ying Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing 100083
- P. R. China
| | - Jian-du Lei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing 100083
- P. R. China
| | - Li-qun Guo
- Yunnan Pharmaceutical Industrial Co., Ltd
- Kunming 650106
- P. R. China
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Dai L, Wang L, Deng L, Liu J, Lei J, Li D, He J. Novel multiarm polyethylene glycol-dihydroartemisinin conjugates enhancing therapeutic efficacy in non-small-cell lung cancer. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5871. [PMID: 25070490 PMCID: PMC5376196 DOI: 10.1038/srep05871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical application of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) has been hampered due to its poor water-solubility. To overcome this hurdle, we devised a novel polymer-drug conjugate, multiarm polyethylene glycol-dihydroartemisinin (PEG-DHA), made by linking DHA with multiarm polyethylene glycol. Herein, we investigated PEG-DHA on chemical structure, hydrolysis, solubility, hemolysis, cell cytotoxicity in vitro, and efficacy in vivo. The PEG-DHA conjugates have showed moderate drug loadings (2.82 ~ 8.14 wt%), significantly good water-solubilities (82- ~ 163-fold of DHA), excellent in vitro anticancer activities (at concentrations ≥8 μg/ml, showed only 15–20% cell viability) with potency similar to that of native DHA, and long blood circulation half-time (5.75- ~ 16.75-fold of DHA). Subsequent tumor xenograft assays demonstrated a superior therapeutic effect of PEG-DHA on inhibition of tumor growth compared with native DHA. The novel PEG-DHA conjugates can not only improve the solubility and efficacy of DHA but also show the potential of scale-up production and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Dai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Luying Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Lihong Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Jiandu Lei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Dan Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Jing He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
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Synthesis of controlled molecular weight poly (β-malic acid) and conjugation with HCPT as a polymeric drug carrier. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-014-0397-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Dai L, Li D, Cheng J, Liu J, Deng LH, Wang LY, Lei JD, He J. Water soluble multiarm-polyethylene glycol–betulinic acid prodrugs: design, synthesis, and in vivo effectiveness. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00648h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiarm-polyethylene glycol–betulinic acid prodrugs were prepared by using multiarm-polyethylene glycol linkers and betulinic acid, which exhibited high drug loading capacity, good water solubility, and excellent anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Dan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Li-Hong Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Lu-Ying Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Du Lei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Jing He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing 100083, P. R. China
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Haverstick K, Fleming A, Mark Saltzman W. Conjugation to Increase Treatment Volume during Local Therapy: A Case Study with PEGylated Camptothecin. Bioconjug Chem 2007; 18:2115-21. [DOI: 10.1021/bc700214h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kraig Haverstick
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University
| | - Alison Fleming
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University
| | - W. Mark Saltzman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University
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Twaites B, de las Heras Alarcón C, Alexander C. Synthetic polymers as drugs and therapeutics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1039/b410799n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Fleming AB, Haverstick K, Saltzman WM. In Vitro Cytotoxicity and in Vivo Distribution after Direct Delivery of PEG−Camptothecin Conjugates to the Rat Brain. Bioconjug Chem 2004; 15:1364-75. [PMID: 15546204 DOI: 10.1021/bc034180o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Low water solubility and rapid elimination from the brain inhibits local delivery via implants and other delivery systems of most therapeutic drugs to the brain. We have conjugated the chemotherapy drug, camptothecin (CPT), to poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) of molecular weight 3400 using previously established protocols. These new conjugates are very water-soluble and hydrolyze at a pH-dependent rate to release the active parent drug. We have studied the uptake of these conjugates by cells in vitro and quantified their cytotoxicity toward gliosarcoma cells. These conjugates were loaded into biodegradable polymeric controlled-release implants, and their release characteristics were studied in vitro. We implanted similar polymeric disks into rat brains and used a novel sectioning scheme to determine the concentration profile of CPT in comparison to conjugated CPT in the brain after 1, 7, 14, and 28 days. We have found that PEGylation greatly increases the maximum achievable drug concentration and greatly enhances the distribution properties of CPT, compared to corelease of CPT with PEG. Although only one percent of CPT in the conjugate system was found in the hydrolyzed, active form, drug concentrations were still significantly above cytotoxic levels over a greater distance for the conjugate system. On the basis of these results, we believe that PEGylation shows great promise toward increasing drug distribution after direct, local delivery in the brain for enhanced efficacy in drug treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison B Fleming
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 120 Olin Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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Li J, Kao WJ. Synthesis of polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivatives and PEGylated-peptide biopolymer conjugates. Biomacromolecules 2003; 4:1055-67. [PMID: 12857092 DOI: 10.1021/bm034069l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized a library of 50 poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) derivatives to expand the extent of conjugation with biologically active molecules (biopolymers, peptides, drugs, etc.) and biomaterial substrates. The formation of PEG derivatives was confirmed with HPLC, (1)H and (13)C NMR. PEG derivatives were polymerized into networks in order to study the role of PEG and terminal functional groups in modulating the hydrophilicity of biomaterials and cell-biomaterial interaction. The resulting surface hydrophilicity and the number of adhered fibroblasts were primarily dependent on the PEG concentration with the molecular weight and the terminal functional group of PEG derivatives being less important. One of PEG derivatives, PEG-bis-glutarate, was utilized to link peptide sequences to gelatin backbone in the formation of novel biomedical hydrogels. PEG-peptide conjugates were characterized by mass spectroscopy. PEG-peptide modified gelatins were characterized by gel permeation chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences of the School of Pharmacy and Department of Biomedical Engineering of the College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin--Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
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12
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Abstract
No low molecular weight (<20000) poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) small molecule drug conjugates, prepared over a 20-year period, have led to a clinically approved product. In this area, published studies for these types of compounds have been scrutinized and their properties compared and contrasted to higher molecular weight conjugates where, during the past 5 years, a renaissance in the field of PEG (anticancer) drug conjugates has taken place. This new development has been attributed to the use of higher molecular weight PEGs (>20000), and especially employing PEG 40000 which is estimated to have a plasma circulating half life of approximately 8-9 h in the mouse. This recent resuscitation of small organic molecule delivery by high molecular weight PEG conjugates was founded on meaningful in vivo testing using established tumor models, and has led to a clinical candidate. Recent applications of high molecular weight PEG prodrug strategies to amino containing drugs are also detailed, and potential applications to proteins are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Greenwald
- Enzon Inc., 20 Kingsbridge Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-3969, USA.
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