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Branco CS, Duong A, Machado AK, Scola G, Andreazza AC, Salvador M. Modulation of Mitochondrial and Epigenetic Targets by Polyphenols-rich Extract from Araucaria angustifolia in Larynx Carcinoma. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:130-139. [DOI: 10.2174/1871520618666180816142821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Araucaria angustifolia extract (AAE) is a polyphenol-rich extract that has gained interest
as a natural anticancer agent. Recent work suggests that AAE induces oxidative damage and apoptosis through its
action on decreasing complex I activity of the mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain (ETC).
Aims and Methods:
In the present study, we aimed to further examine the specific targets by which AAE exerts proapoptotic
effects in HEp-2 cancer cells. Specifically, the effect of AAE on the: 1) levels of pyruvate dehydrogenase
was assessed by ELISA assay; 2) levels of mitochondrial ETC complexes, focusing on complex I at the gene transcript
and protein level relevant to ROS generation was evaluated by multiplex ELISA followed by qRT-PCR and
immunoblotting; 3) mitochondrial network distribution analysis was assessed by MitoTracker Red CMXRos; and 4)
chemical variations on DNA was evaluated by dot-blotting in HEp-2 cells.
Results:
Results demonstrated that AAE increased protein levels of PDH, switching energy metabolism to oxidative
metabolism. Protein expression levels of complex I and III were found decreased in AAE-treated HEp-2 cells.
Analyzing the subunits of complex I, changes in protein and gene transcript levels of NDUFS7 and NDUFV2 were
found. Mitochondria staining after AAE incubation revealed changes in the mitochondrial network distribution. AAE
was able to induce DNA hypomethylation and decreased DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 activity.
Conclusion:
Our data demonstrate for the first time that AAE alters expression of NDUFS7 and NDUFV2
mitochondrial subunits and induce epigenetic changes in HEp-2 cancer cells leading to a possible suppression of
oncogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia S. Branco
- University of Caxias do Sul-Institute of Biotechnology Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Angela Duong
- University of Toronto-Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alencar K. Machado
- Federal University of Santa Maria-Department of Biogenomics Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Scola
- University of Toronto-Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ana C. Andreazza
- University of Toronto-Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mirian Salvador
- University of Caxias do Sul-Institute of Biotechnology Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
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Lu HP, Jia YN, Yu Y, Xu L. DNA protection activity of a hydroethanol extract and six polyphenol monomers fromMorus alba L. (mulberry) twig. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2017.1368554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Peng Lu
- College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ya Nan Jia
- College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Yu
- College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Xu
- College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Shrotriya S, Deep G, Lopert P, Patel M, Agarwal R, Agarwal C. Grape seed extract targets mitochondrial electron transport chain complex III and induces oxidative and metabolic stress leading to cytoprotective autophagy and apoptotic death in human head and neck cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2014; 54:1734-47. [PMID: 25557495 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a major killer worldwide and innovative measures are urgently warranted to lower the morbidity and mortality caused by this malignancy. Aberrant redox and metabolic status in HNSCC cells offer a unique opportunity to specifically target cancer cells. Therefore, we investigated the efficacy of grape seed extract (GSE) to target the redox and bioenergetic alterations in HNSCC cells. GSE treatment decreased the mitochondrial electron transport chain complex III activity, increased the mitochondrial superoxide levels and depleted the levels of cellular antioxidant (glutathione), thus resulting in the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in human HNSCC Detroit 562 and FaDu cells. Polyethylene glycol-SOD addition reversed the GSE-mediated apoptosis without restoring complex III activity. Along with redox changes, GSE inhibited the extracellular acidification rate (representing glycolysis) and oxygen consumption rate (indicating oxidative phosphorylation) leading to metabolic stress in HNSCC cells. Molecular studies revealed that GSE activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and suppressed Akt/mTOR/4E-BP1/S6K signaling in both Detroit 562 and FaDu cells. Interestingly, GSE increased the autophagic load specifically in FaDu cells, and autophagy inhibition significantly augmented the apoptosis in these cells. Consistent with in vitro results, in vivo analyses also showed that GSE feeding in nude mice activated AMPK and induced-autophagy in FaDu xenograft tumor tissues. Overall, these findings are innovative as we for the first time showed that GSE targets ETC complex III and induces oxidative and metabolic stress, thereby, causing autophagy and apoptotic death in HNSCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Shrotriya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Gagan Deep
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, Colorado.,University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Pamela Lopert
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Manisha Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rajesh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, Colorado.,University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Chapla Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, Colorado.,University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
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Karaaslan M, Vardin H, Varlıklıöz S, Yılmaz FM. Antiproliferative and antioxidant activities of Turkish pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) accessions. Int J Food Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Karaaslan
- Food Engineering Department; Faculty of Agriculture; Harran University; Sanliurfa Turkey
| | - Hasan Vardin
- Food Engineering Department; Faculty of Agriculture; Harran University; Sanliurfa Turkey
| | - Suzan Varlıklıöz
- Food Engineering Department; Faculty of Agriculture; Harran University; Sanliurfa Turkey
| | - Fatih M. Yılmaz
- Food Engineering Department; Faculty of Agriculture; Harran University; Sanliurfa Turkey
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Toporcov TN, Tavares GE, Rotundo LDB, Vaccarezza GF, Biazevic MGH, Brasileiro RS, de Carvalho MB, JMichaluart unior P, Kowalski LP, Antunes JLF. Do tobacco and alcohol modify protective effects of diet on oral carcinogenesis? Nutr Cancer 2013; 64:1182-9. [PMID: 23163847 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2012.721155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent systematic reviews concluded that the frequent consumption of fruits and vegetables is inversely associated with the risk of oral cancer. We assessed this association, specifically comparing results obtained to nonsmokers and smokers, as well to nondrinkers and drinkers. We conducted a case-control study involving 296 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (cases) attended in 3 major hospitals of São Paulo, Brazil, paired with 296 controls, recruited from outpatient units of the same hospitals. Multivariate models assessed the effect of fruits and salads according to smoking and drinking. The intake of fruit was associated with the prevention of the disease in the specific assessment among light [odds ratio (OR) = 0.46; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.27-0.78) and heavy (OR = 0.30; 95% CI = 0.14-0.65) smokers. The same was observed for vegetables consumption. For nonsmokers, no fruit (OR = 50; 95% CI = 0.22-1.12) or vegetable (for tomato, OR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.31-0.93) was associated with reduced risk of oral and oropharyngeal cancer. Similar results were found in the stratified analysis according to drinking status with OR = 0.51 (95% CI = 0.30-0.87) and 0.18 for fruits (95% CI = 0.07-0.45), respectively, for light and heavy drinkers. This observation suggests that the protective effect of fruit and salad intake may modulate the deleterious effects from tobacco and alcohol.
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Hussain A, Brahmbhatt K, Priyani A, Ahmed M, Rizvi TA, Sharma C. Eugenol Enhances the Chemotherapeutic Potential of Gemcitabine and Induces Anticarcinogenic and Anti-inflammatory Activity in Human Cervical Cancer Cells. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2011; 26:519-27. [DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2010.0925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arif Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kruti Brahmbhatt
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anita Priyani
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Musthaq Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tahir A. Rizvi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Chhavi Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Arthur AE, Duffy SA, Sanchez GI, Gruber SB, Terrell JE, Hebert JR, Light E, Bradford CR, D'Silva NJ, Carey TE, Wolf GT, Peterson KE, Rozek LS. Higher micronutrient intake is associated with human papillomavirus-positive head and neck cancer: a case-only analysis. Nutr Cancer 2011; 63:734-42. [PMID: 21667401 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2011.570894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
No studies have investigated dietary differences between head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive tumors and patients with HPV-negative tumors. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between diet and HPV status in HNSCC patients. Cases of HNSCC were recruited from 2 clinical centers participating in the University of Michigan Head and Neck Specialized Program of Research Excellence (SPORE). HPV tissue genotyping was performed, and epidemiological and dietary data collected. Multivariable logistic regression tested whether pretreatment consumption of 12 selected micronutrients was significantly associated with HPV-positive status in 143 patients newly diagnosed with cancer of the oral cavity or pharynx. After controlling for age, sex, body mass index, tumor site, cancer stage, problem drinking, smoking, and energy intake, significant and positive associations were observed between vitamin A, vitamin E, iron, β-carotene, and folate intake and HPV-positive status (P(trend) < 0.05), suggesting that diet may be a factor in the improved prognosis documented in those with HPV-positive HNSCC. Dietary differences by HPV status should be considered in prognostic studies to better understand the influence of diet on HNSCC survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Arthur
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2029, USA
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Hussain A, Priyani A, Sadrieh L, Brahmbhatt K, Ahmed M, Sharma C. Concurrent Sulforaphane and Eugenol Induces Differential Effects on Human Cervical Cancer Cells. Integr Cancer Ther 2011; 11:154-65. [DOI: 10.1177/1534735411400313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. The concept of combination of chemoprevention holds great potential for cancer management as lower, clinically tolerable doses of individual agents could be achieved through therapeutic synergy. However, elucidation of their possible interactions—additive, synergistic, or antagonistic—must be thoroughly studied before considering for clinical use. Methods. To evaluate the effect of combination treatment of sulforaphane (SFN) and eugenol on HeLa cells, the authors performed cell viability assay, apoptosis assay, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for gene expression analysis. Calculations of combination effects were expressed as a combination index (CI) with CI < 1, CI = 1, or CI > 1 representing synergism, additivity, or antagonism, respectively. Results. Simultaneous treatment with variable dose combinations of SFN and eugenol resulted in differential effects with an antagonistic effect at lower and synergistic at higher sub-lethal doses as reflected in cell cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction. Importantly, gemcitabine used in conjunction with the low- and high-dose combinations showed no significant cell death at lower doses suggesting that cell cytotoxicity is proportional to gemcitabine alone, whereas at higher sublethal doses of SFN and eugenol, it was found to act in a synergistic manner with gemcitabine. Furthermore, SFN and eugenol combinations at synergistic dose significantly downregulated the expression of Bcl-2, COX-2 and IL-β but not the antagonistic combinations. Conclusion. This study clearly indicates that 2 (or more) chemopreventive agents can act antagonistically or synergistically necessitating elucidation of possible mechanistic interactions for favorable and reliable outcomes of dietary components in the field of cancer prevention.
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Sharma C, Sadrieh L, Priyani A, Ahmed M, Hassan AH, Hussain A. Anti-carcinogenic effects of sulforaphane in association with its apoptosis-inducing and anti-inflammatory properties in human cervical cancer cells. Cancer Epidemiol 2010; 35:272-8. [PMID: 20956097 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2010.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 09/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The multistep process of carcinogenesis is characterized by progressive disorganization and occurrence of initiation, promotion, and progression events. Several new strategies such as chemoprevention are being developed for treatment and prevention at various stages of carcinogenesis. Sulforaphane, a potential chemopreventive agent, possesses anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-cancer activities and has attracted extensive interest for better cancer management. METHODS We evaluated the effect of sulforaphane alone or in combination with gemcitabine on HeLa cells by cell viability assay and confirmed the results by apoptosis assay. Further we analyzed the effect of sulforaphane on the expression of Bcl-2, COX-2 and IL-1β by RT-PCR on HeLa cells. RESULTS In the present study, sulforaphane was found to induce dose-dependent selective cytotoxicity in HeLa cells in comparison to normal cells pointing to its safe cytotoxicity profile. Additionally, a combination of sulforaphane and gemcitabine was found to increase the growth inhibition in a synergistic manner in HeLa cells compared to the individual drugs. Also, the expression analysis of genes involved in apoptosis and inflammation revealed significant downregulation of Bcl-2, COX-2 and IL-1β upon treatment with sulforaphane. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that sulforaphane exerts its anticancer activities via apoptosis induction and anti-inflammatory properties and provides the first evidence demonstrating synergism between sulforaphane and gemcitabine which may enhance the therapeutic index of prevention and/or treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhavi Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Saluk-Juszczak J. A comparative study of antioxidative activity of calcium-D-glucarate, sodium-D-gluconate and D-glucono-1,4-lactone in a human blood platelet model. Platelets 2010; 21:632-40. [DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2010.512210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Li Y, Li C, Sun Y, Niu Y, Liu L, Mei Q. Are the ingredients extracted from fruits and vegetables superior to fruits and vegetables in cancer prevention? Med Hypotheses 2010; 75:77-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2010.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Revised: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Ramos AA, Azqueta A, Pereira-Wilson C, Collins AR. Polyphenolic compounds from Salvia species protect cellular DNA from oxidation and stimulate DNA repair in cultured human cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:7465-7471. [PMID: 20486687 DOI: 10.1021/jf100082p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage can lead to carcinogenesis if replication proceeds without proper repair. This study evaluated the effects of the water extracts of three Salvia sp., Salvia officinalis (SO), Salvia fruticosa (SF), and Salvia lavandulifolia (SL), and of the major phenolic constituents, rosmarinic acid (RA) and luteolin-7-glucoside (L-7-G), on DNA protection in Caco-2 and HeLa cells exposed to oxidative agents and on DNA repair in Caco-2 cells. The comet assay was used to measure DNA damage and repair capacity. The final concentration of each sage extract was 50 microg/mL, and concentrations of RA and L-7-G were 50 and 20 microM, respectively. After a short incubation (2 h), L-7-G protected DNA in Caco-2 cells from damage induced by H(2)O(2) (75 microM); also, after a long incubation (24 h), SF, RA, and L-7-G had protective effects in Caco-2 cells. In HeLa cells, SO, SF, and RA protected against damage induced by H(2)O(2) after 24 h of incubation. Assays of DNA repair show that SO, SF, and L-7-G increased the rate of DNA repair (rejoining of strand breaks) in Caco-2 cells treated with H(2)O(2). The incision activity of a Caco-2 cell extract on a DNA substrate containing specific damage (8-oxoGua) was also measured to evaluate effects on base excision repair (BER) activity. Preincubation for 24 h with SO and L-7-G had a BER inductive effect, increasing incision activity in Caco-2 cells. In conclusion, SO, SF, and the isolated compounds (RA and L-7-G) demonstrated chemopreventive activity by protecting cells against oxidative DNA damage and stimulating DNA repair (SO, SF, and L-7-G).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice A Ramos
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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