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Gangolli R, Pushalkar S, Beutel BG, Danna N, Duarte S, Ricci JL, Fleisher K, Saxena D, Coelho PG, Witek L, Tovar N. Calcium Sulfate Disks for Sustained-Release of Amoxicillin and Moxifloxacin for the Treatment of Osteomyelitis. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:4086. [PMID: 39203264 PMCID: PMC11356595 DOI: 10.3390/ma17164086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this in vitro study was to develop calcium sulfate (CS)-based disks infused with an antimicrobial drug, which can be used as a post-surgical treatment modality for osteomyelitis. CS powder was embedded with 10% antibiotic, amoxicillin (AMX) or moxifloxacin (MFX), to form composite disks 11 mm in diameter that were tested for their degradation and antibiotic release profiles. For the disk degradation study portion, the single drug-loaded disks were placed in individual meshes, subsequently submerged in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and incubated at 37 °C. The disks were weighed once every seven days and analyzed via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. During the antibiotic release analysis, composite disks were placed in PBS solution, which was changed every 3 days, and analyzed for antibiotic activity and efficacy. The antibacterial effects of these sustained-release composites were tested by agar diffusion assay using Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) UA 159 as an indicator strain. The degradation data showed significant increases in the degradation of all disks with the addition of antibiotics. Following PBS incubation, there were significant increases in the amount of phosphate and decreases in the amount of sulfate. The agar diffusion assay demonstrated that the released concentrations of the respective antibiotics from the disks were significantly higher than the minimum inhibitory concentration exhibited against S. mutans over a 2-3-week period. In conclusion, CS-antibiotic composite disks can potentially serve as a resorbable, osteoconductive, and antibacterial therapy in the treatment of bone defects and osteomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riddhi Gangolli
- Biomaterials Division, NYU Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA (B.G.B.); (L.W.)
| | - Smruti Pushalkar
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Bryan G. Beutel
- Biomaterials Division, NYU Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA (B.G.B.); (L.W.)
| | - Natalie Danna
- Biomaterials Division, NYU Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA (B.G.B.); (L.W.)
| | - Simone Duarte
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine, Buffalo, NY 14215, USA
| | - John L. Ricci
- Biomaterials Division, NYU Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA (B.G.B.); (L.W.)
| | - Kenneth Fleisher
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, NYU Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Deepak Saxena
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, NYU Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA;
| | - Paulo G. Coelho
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA
| | - Lukasz Witek
- Biomaterials Division, NYU Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA (B.G.B.); (L.W.)
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | - Nick Tovar
- Biomaterials Division, NYU Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA (B.G.B.); (L.W.)
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, NYU Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
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