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Chen J. Current advances in anisotropic structures for enhanced osteogenesis. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 231:113566. [PMID: 37797464 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone defects are a challenge to healthcare systems, as the aging population experiences an increase in bone defects. Despite the development of biomaterials for bone fillers and scaffolds, there is still an unmet need for a bone-mimetic material. Cortical bone is highly anisotropic and displays a biological liquid crystalline (LC) arrangement, giving it exceptional mechanical properties and a distinctive microenvironment. However, the biofunctions, cell-tissue interactions, and molecular mechanisms of cortical bone anisotropic structure are not well understood. Incorporating anisotropic structures in bone-facilitated scaffolds has been recognised as essential for better outcomes. Various approaches have been used to create anisotropic micro/nanostructures, but biomimetic bone anisotropic structures are still in the early stages of development. Most scaffolds lack features at the nanoscale, and there is no comprehensive evaluation of molecular mechanisms or characterisation of calcium secretion. This manuscript provides a review of the latest development of anisotropic designs for osteogenesis and discusses current findings on cell-anisotropic structure interactions. It also emphasises the need for further research. Filling knowledge gaps will enable the fabrication of scaffolds for improved and more controllable bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jishizhan Chen
- UCL Mechanical Engineering, University College London, WC1E 7JE, UK.
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2
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Zheng Z, Wang R, Lin J, Tian J, Zhou C, Li N, Li L. Liquid Crystal Modified Polylactic Acid Improves Cytocompatibility and M2 Polarization of Macrophages to Promote Osteogenesis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:887970. [PMID: 35782509 PMCID: PMC9247145 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.887970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid crystalline phases (LC phases) are widely present in an organism. The well-aligned domain and liquidity of the LC phases are necessary for various biological functions. How to stabilize the floating LC phases and maintain their superior biology is still under study. In addition, it is unclear whether the exogenous LC state can regulate the immune process and improve osteogenesis. In this work, a series of composite films (PLLA/LC) were prepared using cholesteryl oleyl carbonate (COC), cholesteryl pelargonate (CP), and polylactic acid (PLLA) via a controlled facile one-pot approach. The results showed that the thermo-responsive PLLA/LC films exhibited stable LC phases at human body temperature and the cytocompatibility of the composites was improved significantly after modification by the LC. In addition, the M2 polarization of macrophages (RAW264.7) was enhanced in PLLA/LC films, and the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) was improved as co-cultured with macrophages. The in vivo bone regeneration of the materials was verified by calvarial repair, in which the amount of new bone in the PLLA-30% LC group was greater than that in the PLLA group. This work revealed that the liquid crystal-modified PLLA could promote osteogenesis through immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexiang Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renqin Wang
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinhuan Tian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changren Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Li
- Foshan Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- *Correspondence: Na Li, ; Lihua Li,
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Na Li, ; Lihua Li,
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3
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Characterization of Alginate–Gelatin–Cholesteryl Ester Liquid Crystals Bioinks for Extrusion Bioprinting of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14051021. [PMID: 35267843 PMCID: PMC8915124 DOI: 10.3390/polym14051021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) is an innovative approach to tackling many diseases and body parts that need to be replaced by developing artificial tissues and organs. Bioinks play an important role in the success of various TE applications. A bioink refers to a combination of a living cell, biomaterials, and bioactive molecules deposited in a layer-by-layer form to fabricate tissue-like structures. The research on bioink attempts to offer a 3D complex architecture and control cellular behavior that improve cell physical properties and viability. This research proposed a new multi-material bioink based on alginate (A), gelatin (G), and cholesteryl ester liquid crystals (CELC) biomaterials, namely (AGLC) bioinks. The development of AGLC was initiated with the optimization of different concentrations of A and G gels to obtain a printable formulation of AG gels. Subsequently, the influences of different concentrations of CELC with AG gels were investigated by using a microextrusion-based 3D bioprinting system to obtain a printed structure with high shape fidelity and minimum width. The AGLC bioinks were formulated using AG gel with 10% weight/volume (w/v) of A and 50% w/v G (AG10:50) and 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, and 40% of CELC, respectively. The AGLC bioinks yield a high printability and resolution blend. The printed filament has a minimum width of 1.3 mm at a 1 mL/min extrusion rate when the A equals 10% w/v, G equals 50% w/v, and CELC equals 40% v/v (AGLC40). Polymerization of the AGLC bioinks with calcium (Ca2+) ions shows well-defined and more stable structures in the post-printing process. The physicochemical and viability properties of the AGLC bioinks were examined by FTIR, DSC, contact angle, FESEM, MTT assay, and cell interaction evaluation methods. The FTIR spectra of the AGLC bioinks exhibit a combination of characteristics vibrations of AG10:50 and CELC. The DSC analysis indicates the high thermal stability of the bioinks. Wettability analysis shows a reduction in the water absorption ability of the AGLC bioinks. FESEM analysis indicates that the surface morphologies of the bioinks exhibit varying microstructures. In vitro cytotoxicity by MTT assay shows the ability of the bioinks to support the biological activity of HeLa cells. The AGLC bioinks show average cell viability of 82.36% compared to the control (90%). Furthermore, cultured cells on the surface of AGLC bioinks showed that bioinks provide favorable interfaces for cell attachment.
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Kalita P, Singh RK, Bhattacharjee A. Thermotropic liquid crystals in the detection of albumins through a microscopic, spectroscopic and computational approach. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 265:120374. [PMID: 34536891 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystals (LCs) are a promising system of molecules for biosensing as a transducing agent for detecting protein human serum albumin (HSA). Herein, we investigate the detection of HSA by a liquid crystal 4'-octyl-4-biphenylcarbonitrile (8CB) intending to develop an LC-based biosensor. The change in the alignment of liquid crystal molecules in the presence of protein results in the transfigurations of the director through interactions. The limit of 8CB to detect HSA is found to be at a reliable concentration in the development of biosensors. The transition in the director configurations from radial to bipolar during the crystalline to the isotropic phase of the liquid crystals are studied under polarizing optical microscopy. These transitions confirm the detection of HSA by 8CB. The docking analysis depicts the interactions by which 8CB liquid crystal molecules bind with protein HSA. The binding energy, binding active residues and their distances between the docked residues of HSA and molecules of ligand 8CB are calculated by molecular docking. Temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy is used to analyse the spectral behaviour of the interactions. The residues validated by molecular docking studies correlate well with the findings of Raman spectra for the interaction between 8CB and HSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanki Kalita
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Meghalaya, Shillong 793003, India
| | - Ranjan K Singh
- Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Ayon Bhattacharjee
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Meghalaya, Shillong 793003, India.
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Yang S, Huang Y, Jian P, Xie Z, Wu Y, Li H, Zeng R, SiTU F, Tu M. Enhanced cell affinity and osteogenic differentiation of liquid crystal-based substrate via surface bio-functionalization. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 109:938-950. [PMID: 32786167 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of cell-substrate interactions is an important factor for modulating cell behaviors. Tailoring the physical and chemical properties of the substrates to better mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) of native tissue is a more effective strategy for enhancing the cell-substrate contact. In current work, we aim at improving surface bioactivity based on the liquid crystalline substrates for the enhancement in cell affinity and osteogenic differentiation. Polydopamine (PDOPA) adhesive coating was used as a reactive platform for the immobilization of chitooligosaccharide (COS) on the octyl hydroxypropyl cellulose ester (OPC) substrate to generate active OPC-PDOPA-COSs liquid crystalline substrates. Results demonstrated that PDOPA-coated OPC surfaces showed remarkably improved hydrophility and increased elastic modulus, leading to better initial cell attachment. Subsequent COS immobilization on the OPC-PDOPA layer could induce promotion of cell proliferation, polarization and cytoskeleton formation. Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) seeded on the OPC-PDOPA-COSs showed higher alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium deposition, and up-regulated bone-related genes expression, including BMP-2, RUNx-2, COL-I and OCN. In conclusion, surface biofunctionalization on the OPC-based liquid crystalline substrates could come into being the appropriate combination of surface chemistry and liquid crystalline characteristic that simulating in vivo ECM environment, resulting in a favorable support to enhance positive cell-substrate interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenyu Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiping Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peishan Jian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Xie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youheng Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoying Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangmin SiTU
- College of Chinese and Culture, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Tu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Zeng X, Lin J, Wu H, Yu J, Tu M, Cheang LH, Zhang J. Effect of Conditioned Medium from Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells on Rejuvenation of Nucleus Pulposus Derived Stem/Progenitor Cells from Degenerated Intervertebral Disc. Int J Stem Cells 2020; 13:257-267. [PMID: 32587132 PMCID: PMC7378895 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc20027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)-based treatment for degeneration of intervertebral disc (IVD) has been proposed recently. We here addressed whether MSC secreted factors can rejuvenate nucleus pulposus-derived stem/progenitor cells from degenerated disc (D-NPSCs) in vitro. Methods and Results We analyzed the expression of MSCs and NP cell specific surface markers, pluripotency related genes, multilineage potential and cell proliferative capacity of D-NPSCs upon incubation with the conditioned medium which was collected from the umbilical cord derived MSCs (UCMSCs). Our results indicated that the conditioned medium restore the stemness of D-NPSCs by up-regulating the expression level of CD29 and CD105, pluripotency related genes OCT4 and Nanog, and NP progenitor marker Tie2. The increased stemness was accompanied by promoted cell proliferative capacity and improved osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation potential. Conclusions Our findings suggested that the UCMSCs derived conditioned medium might be used to rejuvenate the degenerated NP stem/progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayue Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Tu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lek Hang Cheang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Centro Hospitalar Conde de Sao Januario, Macao, China
| | - Jiaqing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Popov N, Honaker LW, Popova M, Usol'tseva N, Mann EK, Jákli A, Popov P. Thermotropic Liquid Crystal-Assisted Chemical and Biological Sensors. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 11:E20. [PMID: 29295530 PMCID: PMC5793518 DOI: 10.3390/ma11010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In this review article, we analyze recent progress in the application of liquid crystal-assisted advanced functional materials for sensing biological and chemical analytes. Multiple research groups demonstrate substantial interest in liquid crystal (LC) sensing platforms, generating an increasing number of scientific articles. We review trends in implementing LC sensing techniques and identify common problems related to the stability and reliability of the sensing materials as well as to experimental set-ups. Finally, we suggest possible means of bridging scientific findings to viable and attractive LC sensor platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai Popov
- Department of Biology & Chemistry, Ivanovo State University, 153025 Ivanovo, Russia.
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, Ivanovo State University, 153025 Ivanovo, Russia.
| | - Lawrence W Honaker
- Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
| | - Maia Popova
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Nadezhda Usol'tseva
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, Ivanovo State University, 153025 Ivanovo, Russia.
| | | | - Antal Jákli
- Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
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Comparison of nucleus pulposus stem/progenitor cells isolated from degenerated intervertebral discs with umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Cell Res 2017; 361:324-332. [PMID: 29097182 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem-cell based therapies have been proposed as novel treatments for intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. The development of these treatment strategies, however, has been hindered by the incomplete understanding of the origin, biological properties of nucleus pulposus (NP) derived stem/progenitor cells and their effects on the IVD degeneration. The goal of this study is to explore the biological properties of NP stem/progenitor cells isolated from degenerated IVD (D-NPMSCs) regarding immunotype, proliferative capacity, multi-lineage differentiation abilities, and the expression of NP specific cell surface markers compared to human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs). Our results indicate that although D-NPMSCs shared the mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) characteristics with UCMSCs, significant differences exist in phenotype signatures and biological capacities between D-NPMSCs and UCMSCs. D-NPMSCs expressed lower expression levels of CD29 and CD105, the phenotype markers of MSCs, and exhibited reduced proliferation capability and differentiation potentials, which might account for the distinct NP microenvironment and the poor capacity for disc regeneration. This study will lay a foundation for further understanding the mechanism of stem cell-based therapy for IVD degeneration.
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