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Smart Bioinks for the Printing of Human Tissue Models. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12010141. [PMID: 35053289 PMCID: PMC8773823 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
3D bioprinting has tremendous potential to revolutionize the field of regenerative medicine by automating the process of tissue engineering. A significant number of new and advanced bioprinting technologies have been developed in recent years, enabling the generation of increasingly accurate models of human tissues both in the healthy and diseased state. Accordingly, this technology has generated a demand for smart bioinks that can enable the rapid and efficient generation of human bioprinted tissues that accurately recapitulate the properties of the same tissue found in vivo. Here, we define smart bioinks as those that provide controlled release of factors in response to stimuli or combine multiple materials to yield novel properties for the bioprinting of human tissues. This perspective piece reviews the existing literature and examines the potential for the incorporation of micro and nanotechnologies into bioinks to enhance their properties. It also discusses avenues for future work in this cutting-edge field.
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Yang W, Tu A, Ma Y, Li Z, Xu J, Lin M, Zhang K, Jing L, Fu C, Jiao Y, Huang L. Chitosan and Whey Protein Bio-Inks for 3D and 4D Printing Applications with Particular Focus on Food Industry. Molecules 2021; 27:173. [PMID: 35011406 PMCID: PMC8746959 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of chitosan (CS) and whey protein (WP) alone or in combination in 3D/4D printing has been well considered in previous studies. Although several excellent reviews on additive manufacturing discussed the properties and biomedical applications of CS and WP, there is a lack of a systemic review about CS and WP bio-inks for 3D/4D printing applications. Easily modified bio-ink with optimal printability is a key for additive manufacturing. CS, WP, and WP-CS complex hydrogel possess great potential in making bio-ink that can be broadly used for future 3D/4D printing, because CS is a functional polysaccharide with good biodegradability, biocompatibility, non-immunogenicity, and non-carcinogenicity, while CS-WP complex hydrogel has better printability and drug-delivery effectivity than WP hydrogel. The review summarizes the current advances of bio-ink preparation employing CS and/or WP to satisfy the requirements of 3D/4D printing and post-treatment of materials. The applications of CS/WP bio-ink mainly focus on 3D food printing with a few applications in cosmetics. The review also highlights the trends of CS/WP bio-inks as potential candidates in 4D printing. Some promising strategies for developing novel bio-inks based on CS and/or WP are introduced, aiming to provide new insights into the value-added development and commercial CS and WP utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Quality and Technology Center, Hainan Xiangtai Fishery Co., Ltd., Chengmai 571924, China;
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Inspection and Quarantine Technology Research, Fuzhou 350309, China
| | - Anqianyi Tu
- Food Science and Technology Department, National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou 215123, China; (A.T.); (Y.M.); (Z.L.); (J.X.); (L.J.); (C.F.)
- Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Yuchen Ma
- Food Science and Technology Department, National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou 215123, China; (A.T.); (Y.M.); (Z.L.); (J.X.); (L.J.); (C.F.)
| | - Zhanming Li
- Food Science and Technology Department, National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou 215123, China; (A.T.); (Y.M.); (Z.L.); (J.X.); (L.J.); (C.F.)
| | - Jie Xu
- Food Science and Technology Department, National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou 215123, China; (A.T.); (Y.M.); (Z.L.); (J.X.); (L.J.); (C.F.)
| | - Min Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China;
| | - Kailong Zhang
- The Marketing Department, Beijing Zhongwei Research Center of Biological and Translational Medicine, Beijing 100071, China;
| | - Linzhi Jing
- Food Science and Technology Department, National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou 215123, China; (A.T.); (Y.M.); (Z.L.); (J.X.); (L.J.); (C.F.)
| | - Caili Fu
- Food Science and Technology Department, National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou 215123, China; (A.T.); (Y.M.); (Z.L.); (J.X.); (L.J.); (C.F.)
| | - Yang Jiao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Lingyi Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China;
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