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In vitro assessment of the biocompatibility of chemically treated silicone materials with human lens epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4649. [PMID: 35301374 PMCID: PMC8931081 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08443-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxicity testing is a regulatory requirement for safety testing of new ocular implants. In vitro toxicity tests determine whether toxic chemicals are present on a material surface or leach out of the material matrix. A method of evaluating the cytotoxicity of ocular implants was developed using fluorescent viability dyes. To assess the assay’s sensitivity in detecting toxic substances on biomaterials, zinc diethydithiocarbamate (ZDEC) and benzalkonium chloride (BAK) were deposited on silicone surfaces at different concentrations. Human lens epithelial cells (HLEC) were added to the surface of these treated silicone surfaces and were assessed for viability. The viability of both the adherent and non-adherent cells was determined using confocal microscopy with, annexin V, ethidium homodimer, and calcein. Cell metabolism was also evaluated using resazurin and the release of inflammatory cytokines was quantified using a multiplex Mesoscale Discovery platform. Confocal microscopy was shown to be a sensitive assay for evaluating material toxicity, as significant toxicity (p < 0.05) from ZDEC and BAK-treated surfaces compared to the untreated silicone control was detected. Patterns of cytokine release from cells varied depending on the toxin evaluated and the toxin concentration and did not directly correlate with the reduction in cell metabolic activity measured by alamarBlue.
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2
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Campoccia D, Ravaioli S, Santi S, Mariani V, Santarcangelo C, De Filippis A, Montanaro L, Arciola CR, Daglia M. Exploring the anticancer effects of standardized extracts of poplar-type propolis: In vitro cytotoxicity toward cancer and normal cell lines. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111895. [PMID: 34237595 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Propolis was shown to exert antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. Its composition is influenced by seasonal, climatic and phytogeographic conditions. Further variability derives from the extraction methods. Multi Dynamic Extraction Method (MED) has been recently proposed to improve extracts reproducibility. Here, the cytotoxic/anticancer activity of three MED extracts of poplar-type propolis was assayed on human promyelocytic leukaemia HL60, human monocytic leukaemia THP-1, human osteosarcoma MG63, murine fibroblast L929 and human mesenchymal cells (hMSCs). As far as we are aware of, MG63 cells have never been challenged with propolis before, while few studies have so far addressed the effects of propolis on non-tumor cell lines. Consistent results were observed for all propolis preparations. The extracts turned out mildly cytotoxic toward cancer cells, in particular osteosarcoma cells (IC50: 81.9-86.7 µg/ml). Nonetheless, cytotoxicity was observed also in non-tumor L929 cells, with an even lower IC50. hMSCs demonstrated the lowest sensitivity to propolis (IC50: 258.3-287.2 µg/ml). In THP-1 cells, extracts were found to stimulate apoptosis caspase 3/7 activity. The IC50 values observed with osteosarcoma and leukaemia cells do not support a relevant cytotoxicity (as the figures abundantly exceeded 30 µg/ml), despites some selective activity exhibited with HL60 cells. The results confirm the validity of the extraction method, emphasizing the need to assess the selectivity of the interaction with cancer cells when screening for anticancer-drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Campoccia
- Laboratorio di Patologia delle Infezioni Associate all'Impianto, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Stefano Ravaioli
- Laboratorio di Patologia delle Infezioni Associate all'Impianto, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Spartaco Santi
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Bologna, Italy and IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Mariani
- Laboratorio di Patologia delle Infezioni Associate all'Impianto, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Santarcangelo
- Department of Pharmacy, Nutraceutical Lab, University of Naples, Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna De Filippis
- Department of Pharmacy, Nutraceutical Lab, University of Naples, Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Lucio Montanaro
- Laboratorio di Patologia delle Infezioni Associate all'Impianto, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carla Renata Arciola
- Laboratorio di Patologia delle Infezioni Associate all'Impianto, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Pharmacy, Nutraceutical Lab, University of Naples, Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, 212013 Zhenjiang, China.
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3
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Wei P, Gangapurwala G, Pretzel D, Wang L, Schubert S, Brendel JC, Schubert US. Tunable nanogels by host-guest interaction with carboxylate pillar[5]arene for controlled encapsulation and release of doxorubicin. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:13595-13605. [PMID: 32555817 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr01881c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanogels have become one of the most attractive systems for application as delivery vectors or for theragnostic approaches in nanomedicine, which is mainly related to the ease of their synthesis by precipitation polymerization. However, only a few suitable monomers have been reported so far and stabilization of the nanogels requires the incorporation of rather defined amounts of in most cases charged co-monomers, such as acrylic acid, which limits the flexibility in their design. Here, we present an alternative approach using a pyridinium based monomer, which not only provides stability due to the positive charge, but also allows the attachment of functional carboxylate-pillar[5]arene by the formation of a host-guest complex. This approach is tested on pH-sensitive nanogels based on the monomer N-[(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane)methyl]acrylamide (DMDOMA) featuring an acetal group, which is hydrolysed under acidic conditions. As carboxylates are known to catalyze this hydrolysis, we tested different amounts of carboxylate-pillar[5]arenes to tune the hydrolysis rate of the acetal group and found a direct correlation. Additional encapsulation studies with doxorubicin (DOX) revealed that surface potential and charge density represent additional key factors not only for the loading capacity, but also for the release profile of the nanogels. The option to tune such properties simply by the addition of a co-factor, in this case, the carboxylate-pillar[5]arenes provides a powerful tool to optimize characteristics of functional nanogels for drug delivery or other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wei
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany. and Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-University, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Gauri Gangapurwala
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany. and Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-University, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - David Pretzel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany. and Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-University, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Limin Wang
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany. and Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-University, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stephanie Schubert
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-University, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany and Institute of Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstrasse 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Johannes C Brendel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany. and Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-University, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany. and Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-University, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
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4
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Czaplewska JA, Gangapurwala G, Vollrath A, Pröhl M, Majdanski T, Pretzel D, Hoeppener S, Schubert US, Gottschaldt M. Synthesis of a fructose decorated PAGE-b-PEG-b-PLGA polymer with subsequent formulation of nanoparticles. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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5
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Wei P, Sobotta FH, Kellner C, Bandelli D, Hoeppener S, Schubert S, Brendel JC, Schubert US. Degradable polycaprolactone nanoparticles stabilized via supramolecular host–guest interactions with pH-responsive polymer-pillar[5]arene conjugates. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01928f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Smart nano-carriers such as micelles, vesicles or nanoparticles constructed from amphiphilic polymers promise a new generation of drug delivery systems featuring localized and controlled release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wei
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
| | - Fabian H. Sobotta
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
| | - Carolin Kellner
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
| | - Damiano Bandelli
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
| | - Stephanie Hoeppener
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
| | - Stephanie Schubert
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biopharmacy
| | - Johannes C. Brendel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
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6
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Wei P, Gangapurwala G, Pretzel D, Leiske MN, Wang L, Hoeppener S, Schubert S, Brendel JC, Schubert US. Smart pH-Sensitive Nanogels for Controlled Release in an Acidic Environment. Biomacromolecules 2018; 20:130-140. [PMID: 30365881 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The encapsulation of therapeutic compounds into nanosized delivery vectors has become an important strategy to improve efficiency and reduce side effects in drug delivery applications. Here, we report the synthesis of pH-sensitive nanogels, which are based on the monomer N-[(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane)methyl]acrylamide (DMDOMA) bearing an acid cleavable acetal group. Degradation studies revealed that these nanogels hydrolyze under acidic conditions and degrade completely, depending on the cross-linker, but are stable in physiological environment. The best performing system was further studied regarding its release kinetics using the anticancer drug doxorubicin. In vitro studies revealed a good compatibility of the unloaded nanogel and the capability of the doxorubicin loaded nanogel to mediate cytotoxic effects in a concentration and time-dependent manner with an even higher efficiency than the free drug. Based on the investigated features, the presented nanogels represent a promising and conveniently prepared alternative to existing carrier systems for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wei
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC) , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Humboldtstraße 10 , 07743 Jena , Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Philosophenweg 7 , 07743 Jena , Germany
| | - Gauri Gangapurwala
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC) , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Humboldtstraße 10 , 07743 Jena , Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Philosophenweg 7 , 07743 Jena , Germany
| | - David Pretzel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC) , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Humboldtstraße 10 , 07743 Jena , Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Philosophenweg 7 , 07743 Jena , Germany
| | - Meike N Leiske
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC) , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Humboldtstraße 10 , 07743 Jena , Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Philosophenweg 7 , 07743 Jena , Germany
| | - Limin Wang
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC) , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Humboldtstraße 10 , 07743 Jena , Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Philosophenweg 7 , 07743 Jena , Germany
| | - Stephanie Hoeppener
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC) , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Humboldtstraße 10 , 07743 Jena , Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Philosophenweg 7 , 07743 Jena , Germany
| | - Stephanie Schubert
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Philosophenweg 7 , 07743 Jena , Germany.,Institute of Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Lessingstrasse 8 , 07743 Jena , Germany
| | - Johannes C Brendel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC) , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Humboldtstraße 10 , 07743 Jena , Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Philosophenweg 7 , 07743 Jena , Germany
| | - Ulrich S Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC) , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Humboldtstraße 10 , 07743 Jena , Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Philosophenweg 7 , 07743 Jena , Germany
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7
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Correlations of In Vitro Assays for Assessing Cytotoxicity and Biocompatibility of Contact Lens Multipurpose Solutions. Eye Contact Lens 2018; 44 Suppl 1:S97-S105. [DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Salvage JP, Thom C, Lewis AL, Phillips GJ, Lloyd AW. Nanoprecipitation of polymeric nanoparticle micelles based on 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) with 2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DPA), for intracellular delivery applications. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2015; 26:150. [PMID: 25773229 PMCID: PMC4359341 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-015-5480-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Biodistribution of nanoparticle-based intracellular delivery systems is mediated primarily by particle size and physicochemical properties. As such, overcoming the rapid removal of these by the reticuloendothelial system remains a significant challenge. To date, a number of copolymer nanoparticle systems based on 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) with 2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DPA), displaying biomimetic and pH responsive properties, have been published, however these have been predominately polymersome based, whilst micelle systems have remained relatively unexplored. This study utilised nanoprecipitation to investigate the effects of solvent and buffer choice upon micelle size and polydispersity, and found using methanol produced monodisperse micelles of circa 70 nm diameter, whilst ethanol produced polydisperse systems with nanoparticles of circa 128 nm diameter. The choice of aqueous buffer, dialysis of the systems, extended storage, and exposure to a wide temperature range (5-70 °C) had no significant effect on micelle size, and the systems were highly resistant to dilution, indicating excellent colloidal stability. Optimisation of the nanoprecipitation process, post precipitation, was investigated, and model drugs successfully loaded whilst maintaining system stability. Subsequent in vitro studies suggested that the micelles were of negligible cellular toxicity, and an apparent cellular uptake was observed via confocal laser scanning microscopy. This paper presents the first report of an optimised nanoprecipitation methodology for the formation of MPC-DPA nanoparticle micelles, and in doing so achieved monodisperse systems with the size and physicochemical characteristics seen as desirable for long circulating therapeutic delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Salvage
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Huxley Building, Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK,
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9
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Hartlieb M, Pretzel D, Wagner M, Hoeppener S, Bellstedt P, Görlach M, Englert C, Kempe K, Schubert US. Core cross-linked nanogels based on the self-assembly of double hydrophilic poly(2-oxazoline) block copolymers. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:1748-1759. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb02069c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of poly(2-oxazoline)-based block copolymers consisting of a cationic and a hydrophilic segment is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hartlieb
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
| | - David Pretzel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
| | - Michael Wagner
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
| | - Stephanie Hoeppener
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
| | - Peter Bellstedt
- Biomolecular NMR Spectroscopy
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research – Fritz Lipmann Institute
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
| | - Matthias Görlach
- Biomolecular NMR Spectroscopy
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research – Fritz Lipmann Institute
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
| | - Christoph Englert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
| | - Kristian Kempe
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
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10
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Lee HS, Chang JH. Antimicrobial spine-bone cement with caffeic acid phenethyl ester for controlled release formulation and in vivo biological assessments. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00272e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The work reports the preparation of antimicrobial spine-bone-cement with a highly controlled release formulation that was subjected to tests, involvingin vitroandin vivobiological assessments such as antimicrobial effects, a cytotoxicity test, a bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) assay, a micronucleus assay, and implantation analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Sun Lee
- Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology
- Seoul 153-801
- Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Chang
- Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology
- Seoul 153-801
- Korea
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11
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McCanna DJ, Barthod-Malat AV, Gorbet MB. In vitro methods of assessing ocular biocompatibility using THP-1-derived macrophages. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2014; 34:89-100. [PMID: 24738714 DOI: 10.3109/15569527.2014.908205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages play an important role in the elimination of infections, the removal of debris and in tissue repair after infection and trauma. In vitro models that assess ocular biomaterials for toxicity typically focus on the effects of these materials on epithelial or fibroblast cells. This investigation evaluated known ocular toxins deposited on model materials for their effects on the viability and activation of macrophages. THP-1-derived macrophages were cultured onto silicone films (used as a base biomaterial) deposited with chemical toxins (benzalkonium chloride (BAK), zinc diethyldithiocarbamate (ZDEC) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)). Utilizing three fluorescent dyes calcein, ethidium homodimer-1 (EthD-1) and annexin V, the viability of macrophages attached to the biomaterial was determined using confocal microscopy. Propidium iodide (PI) staining and alamarBlue® (resazurin) reduction were used to assess cell death and metabolic activity. CD14, CD16, CD33, CD45, and CD54 expression of adherent macrophages, were also evaluated to detect LPS activation of macrophages using flow cytometry. The sensitivity of this test battery was demonstrated as significant toxicity from treated surfaces with ZDEC (0.001-0.01%), and BAK (0.001%-0.1%) was detected. Also, macrophage activation could be detected by measuring CD54 expression after exposure to adsorbed LPS. These in vitro methods will be helpful in determining the toxicity potential of new ocular biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Joseph McCanna
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Centre for Contact Lens Research, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario , Canada and
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12
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Wang B, Dong J, Li Q, Xiong Z, Xiong C, Chen D. Mechanism of inhibition on L929 rat fibroblasts proliferation induced by potential adhesion barrier material poly(p-dioxanone-co-l-phenylalanine) electrospun membranes. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 102:4062-70. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu China
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Jun Dong
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu China
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Qijie Li
- Basic Medical Colleges, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Chengdu China
| | - Zuochun Xiong
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu China
| | - Chengdong Xiong
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu China
| | - Dongliang Chen
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu China
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13
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Kong N, Lin K, Li H, Chang J. Synergy effects of copper and silicon ions on stimulation of vascularization by copper-doped calcium silicate. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:1100-1110. [PMID: 32261627 DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21529f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) has been reported to be able to stimulate vascularization/angiogenesis, which is critical for regeneration of vascularized tissue in tissue engineering. Silicate bioceramics have also been reported to have stimulatory effects on vascularization due to the silicon (Si) ions released from silicate biomaterials. Therefore, we hypothesize that a combination of Cu and Si ions may show synergy effects on vascularization. Therefore, a copper-doped calcium silicate bioceramic (Cu-CaSiO3, Cu-CS) was designed and synthesized with the purpose to enhance the stimulatory effects of copper salts or pure silicate bioceramics on vascularization by combining the effects of Cu and Si ions. The cytocompatibility of Cu-CS was firstly assessed by testing the influence of Cu-CS ion extracts on proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Thereafter, vascularization of HUVECs on ECMatrix™ gel or co-cultured with human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) in Cu-CS extracts was evaluated and expression of angiogenic growth factors was analyzed. Results revealed that, as compared to CS extracts and media containing soluble CuSO4, Cu-CS extracts possessed stronger stimulatory effects on upregulation of angiogenic growth factors, which finally resulted in better stimulatory effects on vascularization. During the vascularization process, paracrine effects dominated in the co-culture system. In addition, lower concentrations of Cu and Si ions released from Cu-CS than those released from pure CS or CuSO4 were enough to stimulate vascularization, which indicated that there were synergy effects between Cu and Si ions during stimulation of vascularization by Cu-CS. Taken together, the designed Cu-CS may be suitable as a new biomaterial for regenerating blood vessels in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Kong
- Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1954 HuaShan Road, Shanghai 200030, China.
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14
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Xiong Y, Ren C, Zhang B, Yang H, Lang Y, Min L, Zhang W, Pei F, Yan Y, Li H, Mo A, Tu C, Duan H. Analyzing the behavior of a porous nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 (n-HA/PA66) composite for healing of bone defects. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:485-94. [PMID: 24531621 PMCID: PMC3894953 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s52990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the behavior of the porous nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 (n-HA/PA66) composite grafted for bone defect repair through a series of biological safety experiments, animal experiments, and a more than 5-year long clinical follow-up. The biological safety experiments, carried out in accordance with the Chinese Guo Biao and Tolerancing (GB/T)16886 and GB/T16175, revealed that porous n-HA/PA66 composite had no cytotoxicity, no sensitization effect, no pyrogenic reaction, and that its hemolysis rate was 0.59% (less than 5%). Rabbit models of tibia defects with grafted porous n-HA/PA66 composite were established. After 2 weeks, the experiment showed that osteogenesis was detected in the porous n-HA/PA66 composite; the density of new bone formation was similar to the surrounding host bone at 12 weeks. After 26 weeks, the artificial bone rebuilt to lamellar bone completely. In the clinical study, a retrospective review was carried out for 21 patients who underwent serial radiographic assessment after treatment with porous n-HA/PA66 composite grafts following bone tumor resection. All wounds healed to grade A. No postoperative infections, delayed deep infection, nonspecific inflammation, rejection, or fractures were encountered. At a mean follow-up of 5.3 years, the mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society's (MSTS) 93 score was 29.3 points (range: 28-30 points) and mean radiopaque density ratio was 0.77±0.10. The radiologic analysis showed that porous n-HA/PA66 composite had been completely incorporated with the host bone about 1.5 years later. In conclusion, this study indicated that the porous n-HA/PA66 composite had biological safety, and good biocompatibility, osteoinduction, and osseointegration. Thus, the porous n-HA/PA66 composite is an ideal artificial bone substitute and worthy of promotion in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xiong
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongsheng Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Lang
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Min
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuxing Pei
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonggang Yan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Anchun Mo
- Department of Oral Implant, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongqi Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Duan
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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15
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Strong adhesiveness of a new biodegradable hydrogel glue, LYDEX, for use on articular cartilage. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2013; 11:e180-6. [PMID: 24127035 PMCID: PMC6161642 DOI: 10.5301/jabfm.5000164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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16
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Wang MO, Etheridge JM, Thompson JA, Vorwald CE, Dean D, Fisher JP. Evaluation of the in vitro cytotoxicity of cross-linked biomaterials. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:1321-9. [PMID: 23627804 DOI: 10.1021/bm301962f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the in vitro cytotoxicity of poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF). PPF is an aliphatic biodegradable polymer that has been well characterized for use in bone tissue engineering scaffolds. Four different cell types, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC), fibroblasts (L929), preosteoblasts (MC3T3), and canine mesenchymal stem cells (cMSC), were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of PPF. These cell types represent the tissues that PPF would interact with in vivo as a bone tissue scaffold. The sol fraction of the PPF films was measured and then utilized to estimate cross-linking density. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using XTT assay and fluorescence imaging. Results showed that PPF supported similar cell metabolic activities of hMSC, L929, MC3T3, and cMSC compared to the noncytotoxic control, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and were statistically different than those cultured with the cytotoxic control, a polyurethane film containing 0.1% zinc diethyldithiocarbamate (ZCF). Results showed differing cellular responses to ZCF, the cytotoxic control. The L929 cells had the lowest cell metabolic activity levels after exposure to ZCF compared to the cell metabolic activity levels of the MC3T3, hMSC, or cMSC cells. Qualitative verification of the results using fluorescence imaging demonstrated no change in cell morphology, vacuolization, or detachment when cultured with PPF compared to HDPE or blank media cultures. Overall, the cytotoxicity response of the cells to PPF was demonstrated to be similar to the cytotoxic response of cells to known noncytotoxic materials (HDPE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha O Wang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
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17
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Morimoto S, Anada T, Honda Y, Suzuki O. Comparative study on
in vitro
biocompatibility of synthetic octacalcium phosphate and calcium phosphate ceramics used clinically. Biomed Mater 2012; 7:045020. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/7/4/045020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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18
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Tabuchi N, Hattori M, Shimizu M, Koide M, Yamazaki H. Evaluation of cytotoxic potential of cored soft contact lenses with adsorbed active ingredients from over-the-counter eye drops. J Toxicol Sci 2012; 37:639-43. [PMID: 22688003 DOI: 10.2131/jts.37.639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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19
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Mikhalovska L, Chorna N, Lazarenko O, Haworth P, Sudre A, Mikhalovsky S. Inorganic coatings for cardiovascular stents: In vitro and in vivo studies. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2010; 96:333-41. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Revised: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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20
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Harris CA, Resau JH, Hudson EA, West RA, Moon C, McAllister JP. Mechanical contributions to astrocyte adhesion using a novel in vitro model of catheter obstruction. Exp Neurol 2010; 222:204-10. [PMID: 20051241 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2009] [Revised: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 12/23/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Drainage and diversion of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through shunt systems is the most common treatment for hydrocephalus, but complications due to tissue obstruction of the catheter occur in up to 61% of patients. Although shunt systems have undergone limited technological advancements to resist mammalian cell adhesion, there is a need to further reduce adhesion that can exacerbate obstruction. The high intrinsic variability in clinical studies and an inability to predict chronic adhesion of host cells in vitro while maintaining the environmental conditions observed in hydrocephalus have impeded progress. We designed the hydrocephalus shunt catheter bioreactor (HSCB) to measure inflammatory cell adhesion under experimentally manipulated conditions of CSF pressure, pulsation rate, and flow rates. For a 20-h period, astrocytes were perfused through the pulsatile flow system, and adhesion on silicone catheters was recorded. These results were compared with those obtained under static cell culture conditions. Astrocyte adhesion was significantly increased under conditions of increased flow rate (0.25 and 0.30 mL/min), and a trend toward increased adhesion was observed under conditions of elevated pressure and pulsation rate. Because the HSCB represents physiologic conditions more accurately than static cell culture, our results suggest that standard static cell culturing techniques are insufficient to model inflammatory cell adhesion on catheters used in the treatment of hydrocephalus and that changes to the ventricular microenvironment can alter the mechanisms of cellular adhesion. The HSCB represents a relevant test system and is an effective model system for the analysis of cellular adhesion and occlusion of shunt catheters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn A Harris
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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21
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Siew EL, Rajab NF, Osman AB, Sudesh K, Inayat-Hussain SH. In vitro biocompatibility evaluation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) copolymer in fibroblast cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2007; 81:317-25. [PMID: 17120221 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Among the various biomaterials available for tissue engineering and therapeutic applications, microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates offer the most diverse range of thermal and mechanical properties. In this study, the biocompatibility of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB-co-4HB); containing 50 mol % of 4-hydroxybutyrate] copolymer produced by Delftia acidovorans was evaluated. The cytotoxicity, mode of cell death, and genotoxicity of P(3HB-co-4HB) extract against V79 and L929 fibroblast cells were assessed using MTT assay, acridine orange/propidium iodide staining, and alkaline comet assay, respectively. Our results demonstrate that P(3HB-co-4HB) treated on both cell lines were comparable with clinically-used Polyglactin 910, where more than 60% of viable cells were observed following 72-h treatment at 200 mg/mL. Further morphological investigation on the mode of cell death showed an increase in apoptotic cells in a time-dependent manner in both cell lines. On the other hand, P(3HB-co-4HB) at 200 mg/mL showed no genotoxic effects as determined by alkaline comet assay following 72-h treatment. In conclusion, our study indicated that P(3HB-co-4HB) compounds showed good biocompatibility in fibroblast cells suggesting that it has potential to be used for future medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee Ling Siew
- Biomedical Science Department, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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22
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Santodomingo-Rubido J, Mori O, Kawaminami S. Cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of six multipurpose soft contact lens disinfecting solutions1. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2006; 26:476-82. [PMID: 16918772 DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.2006.00393.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess and compare the cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of six multipurpose disinfecting contact lens solutions (MPDS). METHOD Six MPDS were assessed and compared: MeniCare Soft, Complete Moisture Plus, Solo-Care Aqua, Opti-Free Express, ReNu MultiPlus and ReNuMoistureLoc. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by means of the colony-forming assay (ISO 10993-5) using one cell line. One hundred Chinese hamster's fibroblast V79 cells in 2 mL of medium were inoculated into 6-well plates and cultured for 24 h. After incubation, the medium was removed and 2 mL of each MPDS was diluted with physiological saline and medium and added individually into wells at 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10% concentrations. After an additional 6 days of incubation, cells were fixed and stained with Giemsa solution. Subsequently, the number of colonies was counted. Cytotoxicity was expressed in terms of the concentration of the MPDS that suppresses colony formation. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by means of the stand-alone contact lens disinfection test (ISO 14729). RESULTS Cytotoxicity--MeniCare Soft and Complete Moisture Plus were not cytotoxic at any of the concentrations tested. The cytotoxicity ranking of the other MPDS was as follows: Solo-Care Aqua approximately equal to Opti-Free Express < ReNu MultiPlus < ReNu MoistureLoc. Antimicrobial activity--All MPDS met the primary criteria of the stand-alone test for bacterial species. ReNu MoistureLoc showed borderline values for Serratia marcescens and Staphylococcus aureus. Complete Moisture Plus failed to meet the stand-alone test criteria for Fusarium solani. CONCLUSIONS Large differences in cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity were found among the MPDS under investigation. Multipurpose disinfecting contact lens solutions with identical concentrations of polyhexamethylene biguanide can behave differently depending on solution formulation. The new MeniCare Soft showed effective antimicrobial activity and minimal cytotoxicity.
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23
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Iwasaki Y, Akiyoshi K. Synthesis and Characterization of Amphiphilic Polyphosphates with Hydrophilic Graft Chains and Cholesteryl Groups as Nanocarriers. Biomacromolecules 2006; 7:1433-8. [PMID: 16677024 DOI: 10.1021/bm050917w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic polyphosphate graft copolymers with varied densities of cholesteryl esters and hydrophilic graft chains were prepared, and the solution properties of the graft copolymers were evaluated. Polyphosphates were synthesized as backbones by ring-opening polymerization of 2-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane (IPP), 2-(2-oxo-1,3,2-dioxaphosphoroyloxyethyl-2-bromoisobutyrate) (OPBB), and 2-choresteryl-2-oxo-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane (ChOP) using triisobutylaluminum as an initiator. Three types of polyphosphates (PIBr(x)Ch(y), x = number of OPBB units in a polymer; y = number of ChOP units in a polymer) such as PIBr4, PIBr6Ch1, and PIBr3Ch2 were obtained. The molecular weights of these polymers were 2.4 x 10(4), 2.4 x 10(4), and 2.6 x 10(4) g/mol, respectively. 2-Methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) was grafted from the OPBB sites in PIBr(x)Ch(y) via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) in EtOH. In each polymer system, the molecular weight of the graft polymer was linear with conversion. Furthermore, the polymer radical concentration remained constant during polymerization; that is, the molecular weights of the graft chains were easily controllable with polymerization time. The solution properties of amphiphilic PIBr(x)Ch(y)-g-PMPCs were investigated by the methods of surface tension measurement, light scattering, and fluorescence probe. The transition point (cmc) of the surface tension of the PIBr(x)Ch(y)-g-PMPCs aqueous solution decreased with an increase in the number of ChOP units in a graft polymer. Particularly, PIBr3Ch2-g-PMPC14.9K formed nanosized associates (R(h) = 7.5 nm) with 2.2 molecules above 0.1 wt %. v79 cells were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the graft polymers, but no cytotoxicity was observed. The graft polymers containing cholesteryl groups effectively enhanced the solubility of paclitaxel in an aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Iwasaki
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
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24
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Baek HS, Yoo JY, Rah DK, Han DW, Lee DH, Kwon OH, Park JC. Evaluation of the extraction method for the cytotoxicity testing of latex gloves. Yonsei Med J 2005; 46:579-83. [PMID: 16127787 PMCID: PMC2815847 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2005.46.4.579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the cytotoxicity of medical latex gloves to cultured L-929 cells was determined using various extraction conditions. According to the extraction time and temperature, three types of extraction conditions were used: 1) 24 h at 37 degrees C; 2) 72 h at 37 degrees C; 3) 72 h at 50 degrees C. Also, four different extraction vehicles were used, namely, distilled water (DW), 9 g/l sodium chloride (saline) in DW, and culture media with or without serum. Under the above-mentioned conditions, the samples were extracted and then 2-fold serially diluted in the concentration range 3.13 - 50%. When extracted with either DW or saline for 24 h or 72 h at 37 degrees C, only 50% diluted samples showed distinct cytotoxicity to L-929 cells. Moreover, no cytotoxic potentials were observed when gloves were extracted with DW or saline at 50 degrees C for 72 h. Cytotoxicity was markedly greater when gloves were extracted with culture medium, irrespective of the presence of serum in the medium. These results suggest that optimal extraction conditions should be established for the cytotoxicity evaluations of biomaterials and medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Sook Baek
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-ku, Seoul 120-752, Korea.
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25
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Salvage JP, Rose SF, Phillips GJ, Hanlon GW, Lloyd AW, Ma IY, Armes SP, Billingham NC, Lewis AL. Novel biocompatible phosphorylcholine-based self-assembled nanoparticles for drug delivery. J Control Release 2005; 104:259-70. [PMID: 15907578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2005.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2004] [Revised: 01/30/2005] [Accepted: 02/01/2005] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Major challenges associated with nano-sized drug delivery systems include removal from systemic circulation by phagocytic cells and controlling appropriate drug release at target sites. 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) has been copolymerised in turn with two pH responsive comonomers (2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DEA) and 2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DPA), to develop novel biocompatible drug delivery vehicles. Micelles were prepared from a series of copolymers with varying block compositions and their colloidal stability and dimensions were assessed over a range of solution pH using photon correlation spectroscopy. The drug loading capacities of these micelles were evaluated using Orange OT dye as a model compound. The cytotoxicity of the micelles was assessed using an in vitro assay. The MPC-DEA diblock copolymers formed micelles at around pH 8 and longer DEA block lengths allowed higher drug loadings. However, these micelles were not stable at physiological pH. In contrast, MPC-DPA diblock copolymers formed micelles of circa 30 nm diameter at physiological pH. In vitro assays indicated that these MPC-DPA diblock copolymers had negligible cytotoxicities. Thus novel non-toxic biocompatible micelles of appropriate size and good colloidal stability with pH-modulated drug uptake and release can be readily produced using MPC-DPA diblock copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Salvage
- Biomedical Materials Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Moulsecoomb, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK
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26
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Rosengren A, Faxius L, Tanaka N, Watanabe M, Bjursten LM. Comparison of implantation and cytotoxicity testing for initially toxic biomaterials. J Biomed Mater Res A 2005; 75:115-22. [PMID: 16088889 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the predictive value of cytotoxicity testing, the present study compares the in vivo tissue responses to in vitro cytotoxicity before and after implantation. Material toxicity was caused by addition of the toxic substance Zincdiethyldithiocarbamate (ZDEC) that is used as a standard for in vitro cytotoxicity testing. Polyurethane discs with the addition of 0.5% or 1% ZDEC as well as nontoxic discs were inserted in the abdominal wall of rats for 1 day up to 6 weeks. After explantation the foreign body response was analyzed immunohistochemically. An in vitro reanalysis of the explanted reference materials (RMs) revealed remaining high concentrations of toxic compounds after 1-week implantation, whereas no toxicity was seen after 6 weeks implantation. This was reflected in the foreign body response where a significantly thicker capsule and more inflammatory cells were seen at 1 week for the toxic implants. Over time, with decreasing toxicity, these differences disappeared. Test samples that only were subjected to in vitro extraction with water did not elute toxic compounds to the same extent as the in vivo conditions. It is concluded that many clinically useful implant materials may be unnecessarily rejected due to the results of in vitro tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agneta Rosengren
- Lund University, Department of Experimental Research, Malmö University Hospital, S -205 02 Malmö, Sweden
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27
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Metzler V, Lehmann T, Bienert H, Mottaghy K, Spitzer K. Scale-independent shape analysis for quantitative cytology using mathematical morphology. Comput Biol Med 2000; 30:135-51. [PMID: 10758229 DOI: 10.1016/s0010-4825(00)00003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A system for automatic quantification of morphological changes of cell lines, proposed for cytotoxicity tests of biomaterials, is presented. Light-micrographs of cultured cells are segmented by adaptive thresholding within a local adaptive window. Connected cells in binarized micrographs are separated by a novel morphological multiscale method, treating cells in their size-specific scale and hence resulting in scale-independent separations. Significant shape descriptors correlating well with cell toxicity are extracted from single cells. Size and compactness distributions turned out to be reliable and useful parameters, providing an alternative to the common subjective grading of shape deformations by visual inspection. The system is evaluated for several standardized toxical reference substances and is now in use for clinical biocompatibility testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Metzler
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research on Biomaterials, Aachen University of Technology, Germany.
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28
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Yoda R. Elastomers for biomedical applications. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 1998; 9:561-626. [PMID: 9659600 DOI: 10.1163/156856298x00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Current topics in elastomers for biomedical applications are reviewed. Elastomeric biomaterials, such as silicones, thermoplastic elastomers, polyolefin and polydiene elastomers, poly(vinyl chloride), natural rubber, heparinized polymers, hydrogels, polypeptides elastomers and others are described. In addition biomedical applications, such as cardiovascular devices, prosthetic devices, general medical care products, transdermal therapeutic systems, orthodontics, and ophthalmology are reviewed as well. Elastomers will find increasing use in medical products, offering biocompatibility, durability, design flexibility, and favorable performance/cost ratios. Elastomers will play a key role in medical technology of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Yoda
- Nippon Zeon Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
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29
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Ciapetti G, Granchi D, Verri E, Savarino L, Stea S, Savioli F, Gori A, Pizzoferrato A. False positive results in cytotoxicity testing due to unexpectedly volatile compounds. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH 1998; 39:286-91. [PMID: 9457559 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4636(199802)39:2<286::aid-jbm16>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the cytotoxicity of different dental materials according to the study protocol adopted by our lab for the screening of new materials. Experimental parameters used in such testing are addressed mainly in documents EN 30993 "Biological evaluation of medical devices, Part 5: Tests for cytotoxicity: in vitro methods" and "Biological evaluation of medical devices, Part 12: Sample preparation and reference materials." Cells were cultured in microplates and challenged with aqueous extracts of the materials. The assay methods were neutral red- and propidium iodide-uptake assays, both indicative of cell viability and able to provide quantitative data. The observation of contrasting results for one material using the above-mentioned methods raised some concern about the assay system used. With further experimentation, it appeared that a sustained release of volatile substances still present in one extract exerted a toxic effect in neighboring cultures. It is concluded that in the microenvironment of a microplate the distribution of samples cannot be disregarded, as it may be responsible for toxicity cross-contamination. Moreover, the use of more than one single method has to be recommended in cytotoxicity testing, in order to avoid false positive results due to experimental artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ciapetti
- Laboratory for Biocompatibility Research on Implant Materials, Istituti Ortopedici Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
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