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Swain S, Kidman R, Breton E, Chihana R, Kohler HP. Intimate Partner Violence Predicts Child Marriage and Pregnancy Among Adolescents in Malawi. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024:8862605241270074. [PMID: 39223857 DOI: 10.1177/08862605241270074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
A sizeable literature has shown that child marriage is associated with an increased risk for intimate partner violence (IPV). However, this research has been cross-sectional, and the temporality of the association has not been investigated. Specifically, no study has yet examined whether IPV is a predictor of child marriage and adolescent pregnancy. This study uses prospective longitudinal data on a cohort of adolescent girls from the Malawi Longitudinal Study of Families and Health to evaluate whether IPV victimization predicts child marriage or adolescent pregnancy. Using survival models, we find that adolescent girls who experienced physical IPV (measured at survey baseline, in 2017-2018) are more likely to enter child marriages (measured at survey follow-up, in 2021) (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.7 [1.44, 5.08]). Experiencing sexual IPV is also significantly associated with adolescent pregnancy (HR = 1.97 [1.16, 3.33]). These findings indicate the need for greater intervention to ensure healthy adolescent relationships, as well as further research to understand how abusive relationships shape early transitions to adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Swain
- Stony Brook University (State University of New York), USA
| | - Rachel Kidman
- Stony Brook University (State University of New York), USA
| | | | - Rachel Chihana
- University of Malawi-College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
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Desai R, Bandyopadhyay S, Zafar S, Bradbury-Jones C. The Experiences of Post-Separation Survivors of Domestic Violence During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Findings From a Qualitative Study in the United Kingdom. Violence Against Women 2024; 30:2128-2147. [PMID: 36474432 PMCID: PMC9742736 DOI: 10.1177/10778012221142914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Post-separation for domestic violence (DV) survivors is known to be a period of heightened risk of domestic homicide. Evidence points to increased rates of DV during the Covid-19 pandemic, with specific challenges in help-seeking from DV services, yet studies that capture this qualitatively are still emerging. This UK study investigated the experiences of 21 separated DV survivors (all women) during the Covid-19 pandemic. Inductive, thematic analysis highlighted participants' psychological distress, isolation, fear of Covid-19 transmission, and detachment from support networks. The findings reflect the interconnected nature of adversities experienced by DV survivors and the exacerbation of these due to the insidious, multifaceted, and synergistic impacts of DV and the pandemic.
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Di Basilio D, Guglielmucci F, Livanou M. Conceptualising the separation from an abusive partner as a multifactorial, non-linear, dynamic process: A parallel with Newton’s laws of motion. Front Psychol 2022; 13:919943. [PMID: 36033055 PMCID: PMC9403895 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.919943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study focused on the dynamics and factors underpinning domestic abuse (DA) survivors’ decisions to end the abusive relationship. The experiences and opinions of 12 female DA survivors and 18 support workers were examined through in-depth, one-to-one, semi-structured interviews. Hybrid thematic analysis was conducted to retrieve semantic themes and explore relationships among the themes identified and the differences in survivors’ and professionals’ narratives of the separation process. The findings highlighted that separation decisions derived from the joint action of two sets of factors, the “promoters” and the “accelerators.” Whilst the “promoters” are factors leading to the separation from the abuser over time, the “accelerators” bear a stronger and more direct connection with survivors’ decision to end the abusive relationship. Despite their differences, both these factors acted as propelling forces, leading survivors to actively pursue the separation from the perpetrator. To portray the dynamic links among these factors, we propose a conceptualisation drawn from Newton’s laws of motion. Our findings also highlighted important differences in the views of survivors and support workers, as the former conceived themselves as proactive in ending the abuse, whereas the latter described the leaving process as mainly led by authorities and services supporting survivors. This study has potential implications for research, policy and clinical practice, as it suggests that far from being a linear sequence of multiple stages, leaving an abusive relationship results from a complex interplay of factors that facilitate (“promoters”) or drastically accelerate (“accelerators”) the separation process. We argue that future research should aim at improving our current understanding of the subjective and situational factors that can act as “accelerators” or “promoters” for women’s leaving decisions. Moreover, clinicians and policymakers should invest in creating interventions that aid victims to recognise and leverage promoters and accelerators, thus increasing their readiness to end the abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Di Basilio
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Education, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Daniela Di Basilio,
| | - Fanny Guglielmucci
- Department of Philosophy, Communication, and Performing Arts, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Livanou
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Education, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Bermudez ANC, Cochon KL, Operario D. Intimate Partner Violence and HIV Testing in Filipino Women: Analysis of the 2017 Philippine National Demographic and Health Survey. Violence Against Women 2021; 28:2857-2876. [PMID: 34817307 DOI: 10.1177/10778012211045709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We sought to determine the association between intimate partner violence (IPV) and HIV testing among a representative household sample of Filipino women, using data collected from the 2017 National Demographic and Health Survey. In our sample, we found that 23.63% experienced IPV, and only 1.99% were tested for HIV in the past 12 months. We found that IPV was associated with an increased odds of HIV testing in the past 12 months (aOR = 1.42; 95% CI = 1.02, 1.99). Our study highlights the need to consider formal encounters with IPV survivors as opportunities to engage them in the HIV prevention and care continua.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amiel Nazer C Bermudez
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Philippine Initiative for Research, Service, and Training, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, 54725University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Kim L Cochon
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, 71024The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Don Operario
- Department of Social and Behavioral Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Philippine Initiative for Research, Service, and Training, School of Public Health, 174610Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Pugh B, Li L, Sun IY. Perceptions of Why Women Stay in Physically Abusive Relationships: A Comparative Study of Chinese and U.S. College Students. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:3778-3813. [PMID: 29808779 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518778264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In both China and the United States, public attitudes toward intimate partner violence (IPV) have shifted from viewing IPV as a tolerable, private matter to viewing it as a matter of public concern that should be dealt with as a crime. Empirical and comparative examinations of the perceptions of why women stay in physically abusive relationships are lacking. Answering this question calls for comprehensive, methodologically rigorous research. Using survey data collected from approximately 1,000 college students from two Chinese and two U.S. universities, this study empirically compared and contrasted factors that impact U.S. and Chinese students' perceptions as to why women remain in physically abusive relationships. Utilizing a theoretical framework of social constructionism, two common reasons were assessed: Women stay in physically abusive relationships because of learned helplessness and positive beliefs in the relationship/hope for the future. The results show that viewing IPV as a crime, gender, and beliefs of the causes of IPV were robust predictors of college students' perceptions toward why women stay in physically abusive relationships. U.S. college students were more likely to express sympathy and understanding toward why women remain in abusive relationships than Chinese students. Directions for future research and policy implications were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luye Li
- University of Delaware, Newark, USA
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Tsang WHW, Chan TMS, Cheung M. Chinese Male Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence: A Three-Pillar Approach to Analyze Men's Delayed Help-Seeking Decisions. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2021; 36:92-109. [PMID: 33443217 DOI: 10.1891/vv-d-19-00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) literature has addressed differential socialization for designing interventions, mainly helping female victims and male perpetrators. From a gender-specific perspective, this study examines the abused men's postponed decisions to disclose victimization or seek help. Through individual interviews, 10 Chinese male IPV survivors in Hong Kong described their help-seeking journey. A three-pillar approach is applied to guide the analysis in terms of psychological factors, cultural barriers, and decisional challenges when men are seeking help. Results reveal negative influences bearing on male survivors' help-seeking behaviors and support how men can rebuild positive personal strengths after experiencing the impact of abuse on oneself and the family. Service providers must identify barriers of delayed help-seeking decisions and treat IPV survivors with respect and acceptance to facilitate abuse disclosure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Hung Wallace Tsang
- College of Professional and Continuing Education, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - T M Simon Chan
- Department of Social Work, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Monit Cheung
- Mary R. Lewis Endowed Professor in Children and Youth, Graduate College of Social Work, University of Houston, Houston, TX
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Dziewa A, Glowacz F. "Getting out from Intimate Partner Violence: Dynamics and Processes. A Qualitative Analysis of Female and Male Victims' Narratives". JOURNAL OF FAMILY VIOLENCE 2021; 37:643-656. [PMID: 33432254 PMCID: PMC7787707 DOI: 10.1007/s10896-020-00245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the 1970s intimate partner violence became recognized as a major societal problem in Europe. The study of the processes that enable victims to emerge from this violence is still topical. Even more so when it concerns male victims, who remain an under-studied population. This article examines the processes involved in bringing an end to intimate partner violence, including female and male victims. This qualitative study examines the intra- and inter-subjective changes underlying the processes of ending IPV in victims by using a narrative approach. Semi-structured interviews including the use of qualitative life calendars were conducted with 21 victims, 18 women and 3 men. The thematic analysis highlighted eight stages of a process of getting out from intimate partner violence. From the change in perception to the post-separation, victims' trajectories contain similar stages nuanced by individual and environmental specificities for both female and male. Getting out from intimate partner violence involves a sequence of changes in the perception of self, partner, couple and violence that allows for cognitive and relational transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Dziewa
- Service de Psychologie Clinique de la Délinquance, Faculté de Psychologie, Logopédie et des Sciences de l’Education (FPLSE), Université de Liège, 1 Place des Orateurs, Liège, Belgium
- Unité de Recherche ARCh (Adaptation, Résilience et Changement), Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Fabienne Glowacz
- Service de Psychologie Clinique de la Délinquance, Faculté de Psychologie, Logopédie et des Sciences de l’Education (FPLSE), Université de Liège, 1 Place des Orateurs, Liège, Belgium
- Unité de Recherche ARCh (Adaptation, Résilience et Changement), Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Mothers as Victims of Intimate Partner Violence: The Decision to Leave or Stay and Resilience-Oriented Intervention. SOCIAL SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/socsci9100174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a qualitative study to understand the reasons for leaving or staying in an abusive relationship and how this informs planning for psychosocial interventions with victims. We present a study of 15 Portuguese women with children who were victims of intimate partner violence (IPV). The sample consisted of women, helped by a Victim Support Office, who volunteered to participate in a semi-structured interview and whose narrative responses were recorded and transcribed for analysis. The results, organized into two broad categories, reveal that the reasons for staying in the abusive relationship are essentially related to extrinsic factors (e.g., children, the aggressor, society), which reinforces myths (e.g., marriage is for life) and makes it difficult to break the cycle of violence. However, the decision to leave the abusive relationship is also based on the same factors which, when reconceptualized and empowered, contribute to the intrinsic recognition of the problem and the decision-making process. We find that the resilience portfolio model, which focuses on three major factors (self-regulation, interpersonal forces, and construction of meaning), favors the identification of protective factors that can guide interventions for individuals facing situations of adversity such as IPV.
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Parada PDO, Murta SG. Brazilian women’s transition to new relationships after ending a violent one: a case study. PSICOLOGIA USP 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-6564e190166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract This study investigated characteristics of the transition to new relationships after the end of a violent one through case studies. Two young white Brazilian women who had experienced violent first relationships underwent a narrative interview and filled out the Experiences in Close Relationships Inventory. One of them had moved to a healthy relationship and the second one to another violent relationship. Awareness of violence and the adoption of strategies that enlarged models, world views, social circles, support and self care had not been enough to avoid the entrance in a new violent relationship. The development of the ability to access and validate one’s own feelings and wills, resulting in greater assertiveness, favored the transition to a healthy relationship. The approach to secure attachment style accompanied such changes. We discuss the implications to professional practice and preventive initiatives, as well as directions for future research.
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Subjective Well-Being of Filipino Women who Experienced Intimate Partner Violence: A Person-Centered Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COUNSELLING 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10447-017-9303-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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