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Olivera-La Rosa A, Amador O, Chuquichambi EG, Carmona-Cardona CA, Acosta-Tobón SA, Arango-Tobón OE, Villacampa J. Exploring the Relationship between Callous-Unemotional Traits and Implicit Attitudes toward Violence. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11101445. [PMID: 37239731 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11101445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Past research has associated callous-unemotional traits (CU) in young people with serious conduct problems and antisocial behavior. However, whether CU traits influence implicit attitudes toward violence remains largely unexplored. We assess this hypothesis in two independent samples: a sample of youth with no criminal records (Study 1, N = 86), and in a sample of young offenders (Study 2, N = 61). Both groups were not compared due to theoretical (very different demographics) and statistical reasons (the total sample was insufficient to be able to reach the statistical power required in the comparison of both groups). Further, we use an implicit procedure to examine whether CU traits modulate wanting for violent stimuli. Across two samples of youth, we found little evidence of an association between CU traits and implicit violent cognition. In youth with no criminal records, implicit attitudes toward violence were related to the unemotional factor of CU traits, but unrelated to other factors and to a global CU traits score. CU traits were not associated with implicit attitudes toward violence in young offenders. The latter finding was mirrored in the implicit wanting task. Overall, our findings cast some doubts on the adequacy of implicit measures to assess implicit violent cognition in youth with CU traits. We discuss potential methodological limitations of this research (e.g., characteristics of the sample and performance in the implicit procedures) that may impact our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Olivera-La Rosa
- Department of Psychology and Social Sciences, Universidad Católica Luis Amigó, Transversal 514A #67B 90, Medellín 050034, Colombia
- Human Evolution and Cognition Group, University of the Balearic Islands-CSIC, Carretera de Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Omar Amador
- Department of Psychology and Social Sciences, Universidad Católica Luis Amigó, Transversal 514A #67B 90, Medellín 050034, Colombia
| | - Erick G Chuquichambi
- Human Evolution and Cognition Group, University of the Balearic Islands-CSIC, Carretera de Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - César Andrés Carmona-Cardona
- Department of Psychology and Social Sciences, Universidad Católica Luis Amigó, Transversal 514A #67B 90, Medellín 050034, Colombia
| | | | - Olber Eduardo Arango-Tobón
- Department of Psychology and Social Sciences, Universidad Católica Luis Amigó, Transversal 514A #67B 90, Medellín 050034, Colombia
| | - Javier Villacampa
- Human Evolution and Cognition Group, University of the Balearic Islands-CSIC, Carretera de Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Diel A, Lewis M. The deviation-from-familiarity effect: Expertise increases uncanniness of deviating exemplars. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273861. [PMID: 36048801 PMCID: PMC9436138 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Humanlike entities deviating from the norm of human appearance are perceived as strange or uncanny. Explanations for the eeriness of deviating humanlike entities include ideas specific to human or animal stimuli like mate selection, avoidance of threat or disease, or dehumanization; however, deviation from highly familiar categories may provide a better explanation. Here it is tested whether experts and novices in a novel (greeble) category show different patterns of abnormality, attractiveness, and uncanniness responses to distorted and averaged greebles. Greeble-trained participants assessed the abnormality, attractiveness, uncanniness of normal, averaged, and distorted greebles and their responses were compared to participants who had not previously seen greebles. The data show that distorted greebles were more uncanny than normal greebles only in the training condition, and distorted greebles were more uncanny in the training compared to the control condition. In addition, averaged greebles were not more attractive than normal greebles regardless of condition. The results suggest uncanniness is elicited by deviations from stimulus categories of expertise rather than being a purely biological human- or animal-specific response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Diel
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael Lewis
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Villacampa J, Ingram GPD, Martí-Vilar M, Olivera-La Rosa A. An investigation of Facebook users' implicit associations between Facebook, sexual and prosocial behavior. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00811. [PMID: 30258997 PMCID: PMC6154474 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite growing research on online social networking, implicit associations of Facebook users have been largely understudied. In Study 1, we used the Single-Target Implicit Association Test (ST-IAT; Karpinski and Steinman, 2006) in order to assess implicit associations between Facebook and two evolutionary relevant constructs: sexual and prosocial behavior. Additionally, we controlled for the role of participant's relationship status as a potential moderator of Facebook implicit associations. In Study 2, we extended these findings and explored the relationship between implicit and explicit associations towards Facebook. Across two studies, we found that Facebook is more strongly associated with prosocial than with sexual behavior. This effect was not sensitive to sex differences. Further, Study 2 results revealed that implicit and explicit associations did not correlate. We discuss the implications of these findings, underlining the role of implicit measures in cyberpsychology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Villacampa
- Human Evolution and Cognition Group, Associated Group to IFISC (University of the Balearic Islands - CSIC), Carr. de Valldemossa, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Gordon P D Ingram
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de Los Andes, Cra. 1 #18a-12, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Manuel Martí-Vilar
- Department of Basic Psychology, Universitat de València, Av. de Blasco Ibáñez, 13, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Olivera-La Rosa
- Human Evolution and Cognition Group, Associated Group to IFISC (University of the Balearic Islands - CSIC), Carr. de Valldemossa, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Department of Psychology and Social Sciences, Universidad Católica Luis Amigó, Tv. 51a #6790, Medellín, Colombia
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